Disfunción sexual y esclerosis múltiple. Estudio descriptivo = Sexual dysfunction and multiple sclerosis. Descriptive study

La preocupación de este estudio por la disfunción sexual se ha centrado en los socios afectados de la Federación de Asociaciones de Castilla y León de Esclerosis Múltiple (FACALEM). La disfunción sexual se clasifica en primaria, secundaria y terciaria. La primaria está ocasionada por la desmielinización y atrofia de fibras nerviosas, la secundaria está ocasionada por los cambios físicos relacionados con la enfermedad y la terciaria está relacionada con los aspectos psicológicos, emocionales y sociales de la enfermedad. El objetivo es incrementar y mejorar el conocimiento sobre la disfunción sexual en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple mediante la descripción y evaluación de la población estudiada. Metodología. Se trata de un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal, con una muestra de 273 socios afectados de FACALEM. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante cuestionario de auto-informe en soporte informático con el programa LimeSurvey®. La información se analizó con el programa EPI INFO® 3.5.4 empleando métodos descriptivos básicos, tablas de contingencia con la frecuencia y el porcentaje de casos y la prueba Chi-cuadrado de Pearson para conocer si entre las variables hay o no correlación. Resultados. En el estudio se describieron las características demográficas y clínicas de los participantes en el estudio. En la consideración de la disfunción sexual como un problema importante se observaron diferencias significativas por sexo, estado civil y nivel de estudios. La distribución de la disfunción sexual fue del 62.6% con primaria, el 64.8% con secundaria y el 60.4% con terciaria. Se identificaron diferencias significativas en la disfunción sexual primaria, siendo las mujeres y los de ≥41 años los perfiles con una mayor presencia de dicha disfunción. Los principales síntomas causantes de disfunción sexual fueron la falta de interés o deseo sexual (49.5%), tardar mucho tiempo en llegar al clímax/orgasmo (47.3%), clímax/orgasmo menos intenso o satisfactorio (45.1%). Conclusiones. Entre los socios afectados de FACALEM los problemas sexuales son frecuentes, siendo la disfunción sexual secundaria la más común. Éstos han considerado que la disfunción sexual es un problema importante, siendo hombres, divorciados y con estudios primarios los perfiles que se asocian con dicha consideración. Solo se identificaron diferencias significativas por sexo y edad en la disfunción sexual primaria. El estudio ha incrementado los conocimientos sobre la disfunción sexual pero hay que seguir estudiando este tema para reducir el deterioro en la satisfacción sexual que sufren los afectados por esclerosis múltipl

Author Correction: Floating macrolitter leaked from Europe into the ocean (Nature Sustainability, (2021), 4, 6, (474-483), 10.1038/s41893-021-00722-6)

During the preparation of the Supplementary Data spreadsheet “S. Data 3_Regression data,” the mean and median confidence intervals (CI) of FML (items yr−1) were misplaced in relation to their corresponding river names. The Supplementary Data file has now been updated in the HTML version of the article. This update does not alter the results or conclusions of this article.Correction to: Nature Sustainability https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00722-6, published online 10 June 2021. During the preparation of the Supplementary Data spreadsheet “S. Data 3_Regression data,” the mean and median confidence intervals (CI) of FML (items yr−1) were misplaced in relation to their corresponding river names. The Supplementary Data file has now been updated in the HTML version of the article. This update does not alter the results or conclusions of this article.Peer reviewe

La ciudad como experiencia de conocimiento: nuevas metodologías de aprendizaje, iniciación a la investigación y extensión universitaria a partir de la historia urbana

Memoria que recoge las actividades desarolladas en el proyecto de Innovación docente 327 de 2020 con título La ciudad como experiencia de conocimiento: nuevas metodologías de aprendizaje, iniciación a la investigación y extensión universitaria a partir de la historia urbana y dirigido por Rubén Pallol Trigueros

Floating macrolitter leaked from Europe into the ocean

International audienceRiverine systems act as converging pathways for discarded litter within drainage basins, becoming key elements in gauging the transfer of mismanaged waste into the ocean. However, riverine litter data are scarce and biased towards microplastics, generally lacking information about larger items. Based on the first ever database of riverine floating macrolitter across Europe, we have estimated that between 307 and 925 million litter items are released annually from Europe into the ocean. The plastic fraction represented 82% of the observed litter, mainly fragments and single-use items (that is, bottles, packaging and bags). Our modelled estimates show that a major portion of the total litter loading is routed through small-sized drainage basins (<100 km2), indicating the relevance of small rivers, streams and coastal run-off. Moreover, the major contribution of high-income countries to the macrolitter inputs suggests that reducing ocean pollution cannot be achieved only by improving waste management, but also requires changing consumption habits and behaviour to curb waste generation at source. The inability of countries with well-developed recovery systems to control the leakage of waste into the environment further supports the need to regulate the production and use of plastic on a global scale

An inshore–offshore sorting system revealed from global classification of ocean litter

The surge of research on marine litter is generating important information on its inputs, distribution and impacts, but data on the nature and origin of the litter remain scattered. Here, we harmonize worldwide litter-type inventories across seven major aquatic environments and find that a set of plastic items from take-out food and beverages largely dominates global litter, followed by those resulting from fishing activities. Compositional differences between environments point to a trend for litter to be trapped in nearshore areas so that land-sourced plastic is released to the open ocean, predominantly as small plastic fragments. The world differences in the composition of the nearshore litter sink reflected socioeconomic drivers, with a reduced relative weight of single-use items in high-income countries. Overall, this study helps inform urgently needed actions to manage the production, use and fate of the most polluting human-made items on our planet, but the challenge remains substantial

An inshore–offshore sorting system revealed from global classification of ocean litter

The surge of research on marine litter is generating important information on its inputs, distribution and impacts, but data on the nature and origin of the litter remain scattered. Here, we harmonize worldwide litter-type inventories across seven major aquatic environments and find that a set of plastic items from take-out food and beverages largely dominates global litter, followed by those resulting from fishing activities. Compositional differences between environments point to a trend for litter to be trapped in nearshore areas so that land-sourced plastic is released to the open ocean, predominantly as small plastic fragments. The world differences in the composition of the nearshore litter sink reflected socioeconomic drivers, with a reduced relative weight of single-use items in high-income countries. Overall, this study helps inform urgently needed actions to manage the production, use and fate of the most polluting human-made items on our planet, but the challenge remains substantial