Multi-Objective Optimal Power Flow Solution Using a Non-Dominated Sorting Hybrid Fruit Fly-Based Artificial Bee Colony

A new optimization technique is proposed for solving optimization problems having single and multiple objectives, with objective functions such as generation cost, loss, and severity value. This algorithm was developed to satisfy the constraints, such as OPF constraints, and practical constraints, such as ram rate limits. Single and multi-objective optimization problems were implemented with the proposed hybrid fruit fly-based artificial bee colony (HFABC) algorithm and the non-dominated sorting hybrid fruit fly-based artificial bee colony (NSHFABC) algorithm. HFABC is a hybrid model of the fruit fly and ABC algorithms. Selecting the user choice-based solution from the Pareto set by the proposed NSHFABC algorithm is performed by a fuzzy decision-based mechanism. The proposed HFABC method for single-objective optimization was analyzed using the Himmelblau test function, Booth’s test function, and IEEE 30 and IEEE 118 bus standard test systems. The proposed NSHFABC method for multi-objective optimization was analyzed using Schaffer1, Schaffer2, and Kursawe test functions, and the IEEE 30 bus test system. The obtained results of the proposed methods were compared with the existing literature

Multi-Objective Optimal Power Flow Solution Using a Non-Dominated Sorting Hybrid Fruit Fly-Based Artificial Bee Colony

A new optimization technique is proposed for solving optimization problems having single and multiple objectives, with objective functions such as generation cost, loss, and severity value. This algorithm was developed to satisfy the constraints, such as OPF constraints, and practical constraints, such as ram rate limits. Single and multi-objective optimization problems were implemented with the proposed hybrid fruit fly-based artificial bee colony (HFABC) algorithm and the non-dominated sorting hybrid fruit fly-based artificial bee colony (NSHFABC) algorithm. HFABC is a hybrid model of the fruit fly and ABC algorithms. Selecting the user choice-based solution from the Pareto set by the proposed NSHFABC algorithm is performed by a fuzzy decision-based mechanism. The proposed HFABC method for single-objective optimization was analyzed using the Himmelblau test function, Booth’s test function, and IEEE 30 and IEEE 118 bus standard test systems. The proposed NSHFABC method for multi-objective optimization was analyzed using Schaffer1, Schaffer2, and Kursawe test functions, and the IEEE 30 bus test system. The obtained results of the proposed methods were compared with the existing literature

A rare case of perforating chest wall including pericardial sac with penetrating trivial injury: A case report and literature review

Perforating chest wall injuries involving the pericardial sac in pediatric patients are exceedingly rare and pose a unique clinical challenge. Thoracic trauma in the pediatric population remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. We present a case of an 8-year-old boy with an acute history of a sharp injection needle embedded in his chest wall presented with severe chest pain and diaphoresis. Diagnostic evaluations included computed tomography revealed a hyperdense focus with a metallic artefact seen impacted in the interventricular septa and perforating the heart. He underwent a thoracotomy and cardioplegic arrest for needle retrieval and subsequent cardiac repair. Our case underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, meticulous monitoring, and a profound understanding of the unique anatomical considerations in pediatric chest injuries. Summary: This article presents a rare and challenging case of an 8-year-old male who arrived at the emergency department with a sharp injection needle embedded in his chest wall. Despite being relatively rare in children, thoracic injuries can be severe and potentially life-threatening. A fast and accurate diagnostic approach is crucial to prevent fatal complications. Thoracic trauma in the pediatric population remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Timely diagnosis and appropriate interventions are critical in improving patient outcomes. The presented case highlights the need for caution and a well-planned approach in managing such rare and complex injuries in children

Design, Synthesis of Novel, Potent, Selective, Orally Bioavailable Adenosine A_2A Receptor Antagonists and Their Biological Evaluation

Our initial structure–activity relationship studies on 7-methoxy-4-morpholino-benzothiazole derivatives featured by aryloxy-2-methylpropanamide moieties at the 2-position led to identification of compound <b>25</b> as a potent and selective A_2A adenosine receptor (A_2AAdoR) antagonist with reasonable ADME and pharmacokinetic properties. However, poor intrinsic solubility and low to moderate oral bioavailability made this series unsuitable for further development. Further optimization using structure-based drug design approach resulted in discovery of potent and selective adenosine A_2A receptor antagonists bearing substituted 1-methylcyclohexyl-carboxamide groups at position 2 of the benzothiazole scaffold and endowed with better solubility and oral bioavailability. Compounds <b>41</b> and <b>49</b> demonstrated a number of positive attributes with respect to in vitro ADME properties. Both compounds displayed good pharmacokinetic properties with 63% and 61% oral bioavailability, respectively, in rat. Further, compound <b>49</b> displayed oral efficacy in 6-OHDA lesioned rat model of Parkinson diseases

Discovery of Potent and Selective A_2A Antagonists with Efficacy in Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease and Depression

Adenosine A_2A receptor (A_2AAdoR) antagonism is a nondopaminergic approach to Parkinson’s disease treatment that is under development. Earlier we had reported the therapeutic potential of 7-methoxy-4-morpholino-benzothiazole derivatives as A_2AAdoR antagonists. We herein described a novel series of [1,2,4]­triazolo­[5,1-<i>f</i>]­purin-2-one derivatives that displays functional antagonism of the A_2A receptor with a high degree of selectivity over A₁, A_2B, and A₃ receptors. Compounds from this new scaffold resulted in the discovery of highly potent, selective, stable, and moderate brain penetrating compound <b>33</b>. Compound <b>33</b> endowed with satisfactory <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> pharmacokinetics properties. Compound <b>33</b> demonstrated robust oral efficacies in two commonly used models of Parkinson’s disease (haloperidol-induced catalepsy and 6-OHDA lesioned rat models) and depression (TST and FST mice models)