Bioaccesibilidad de los compuestos fenólicos de naranja dulce (Citrus sinensis) y su efecto sobre la acumulación lipídica en células 3T3-L1

Los compuestos fenólicos (CF) aislados de cítricos han demostrado tener un papel regulador sobre el desarrollo de obesidad (Gómez-Zorita et al., 2017). Sin embargo, el efecto de los CF de naranja dulce (Citrus sinensis) después de un proceso digestivo in vitro no ha sido totalmente estudiado

Riqueza y distribución altitudinal de las mariposas de la Sierra Mazateca, Oaxaca (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)/ Butterflies richness and altitudinal distribution in the Sierra

Se realizó un estudio sobre la composición y distribución altitudinal de las mariposas diurnas (superfamilia Papilionoidea) en la Sierra Mazateca, Oaxaca. Se efectuaron recolectas sistemáticas en 12 localidades ubicadas entre los 90 y 2200 msnm, que representan los tipos y subtipos climáticos y de vegetación del área. En las recolectas se emplearon dos técnicas: búsqueda dirigida con red entomológica aérea en los diferentes microhábitats y colocación de cinco a siete trampas Van Someren-Rydon cebadas con plátano fermentado. Este trabajo permitió obtener 3,108 ejemplares, cuya determinación taxonómica y la revisión de 89 ejemplares y 302 registros de la base de datos Mariposa, del Museo de Zoología de la Facultad de Ciencias de la UNAM y los datos provenientes de otras colecciones mexicanas, generaron una lista integrada de 460 taxones, incluidos en seis familias, 19 subfamilias y 246 géneros. De éstos, 353 taxones son nuevos registros para la Sierra Mazateca y 4 son nuevos para el estado de Oaxaca. La familia más diversa fue Nymphalidae (168 taxones), seguida Hesperiidae (141 taxones), Lycaenidae (57 taxones), Pieridae (42 taxones), Riodinidae (33 taxones) y Papilionidae (19 taxones). Los géneros mejor representados en cuanto a riqueza fueron: Urbanus Hübner, Calephelis Grote & Robinson, Adelpha Hübner, Anthanassa Scudder, 1875, Hamadryas Hübner, Eurema Hübner, Autochton Hübner, Chlosyne A. Butler, Parides Hübner, Heliconius Kluk, Memphis Hübner, Emesis Fabricius, Catasticta A. Butler, Astraptes Hübner y Phoebis Hübner. Con base en la curva de acumulación de especies, empleando el modelo de Clench, se recolectaron el 71.3% (380 taxones) de lo estimado para el área y un total de 87.2% de lo estimado considerando las colecciones adicionales. Respecto a la distribución altitudinal el 77% (360 taxones) son frecuentes en los 90-500 msnm.Se realizó un estudio sobre la composición y distribución altitudinal de las mariposas diurnas (superfamilia Papilionoidea) en la Sierra Mazateca, Oaxaca. Se efectuaron recolectas sistemáticas en 12 localidades ubicadas entre los 90 y 2200 msnm, que representan los tipos y subtipos climáticos y de vegetación del área. En las recolectas se emplearon dos técnicas: búsqueda dirigida con red entomológica aérea en los diferentes microhábitats y colocación de cinco a siete trampas Van Someren-Rydon cebadas con plátano fermentado. Este trabajo permitió obtener 3,108 ejemplares, cuya determinación taxonómica y la revisión de 89 ejemplares y 302 registros de la base de datos Mariposa, del Museo de Zoología de la Facultad de Ciencias de la UNAM y los datos provenientes de otras colecciones mexicanas, generaron una lista integrada de 460 taxones, incluidos en seis familias, 19 subfamilias y 246 géneros. De éstos, 353 taxones son nuevos registros para la Sierra Mazateca y 4 son nuevos para el estado de Oaxaca. La familia más diversa fue Nymphalidae (168 taxones), seguida Hesperiidae (141 taxones), Lycaenidae (57 taxones), Pieridae (42 taxones), Riodinidae (33 taxones) y Papilionidae (19 taxones). Los géneros mejor representados en cuanto a riqueza fueron: Urbanus Hübner, Calephelis Grote & Robinson, Adelpha Hübner, Anthanassa Scudder, 1875, Hamadryas Hübner, Eurema Hübner, Autochton Hübner, Chlosyne A. Butler, Parides Hübner, Heliconius Kluk, Memphis Hübner, Emesis Fabricius, Catasticta A. Butler, Astraptes Hübner y Phoebis Hübner. Con base en la curva de acumulación de especies, empleando el modelo de Clench, se recolectaron el 71.3% (380 taxones) de lo estimado para el área y un total de 87.2% de lo estimado considerando las colecciones adicionales. Respecto a la distribución altitudinal el 77% (360 taxones) son frecuentes en los 90-500 msnm

Rapid glutamate receptor 2 trafficking during retinal degeneration

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Retinal degenerations, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP), are characterized by photoreceptor loss and anomalous remodeling of the surviving retina that corrupts visual processing and poses a barrier to late-stage therapeutic interventions in particular. However, the molecular events associated with retinal remodeling remain largely unknown. Given our prior evidence of ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) reprogramming in retinal degenerations, we hypothesized that the edited glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2) subunit and its trafficking may be modulated in retinal degenerations.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Adult albino Balb/C mice were exposed to intense light for 24 h to induce light-induced retinal degeneration (LIRD). We found that prior to the onset of photoreceptor loss, protein levels of GluR2 and related trafficking proteins, including glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 (GRIP1) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), were rapidly increased. LIRD triggered neuritogenesis in photoreceptor survival regions, where GluR2 and its trafficking proteins were expressed in the anomalous dendrites. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed interaction between KIF3A and GRIP1 as well as PSD-95, suggesting that KIF3A may mediate transport of GluR2 and its trafficking proteins to the novel dendrites. However, in areas of photoreceptor loss, GluR2 along with its trafficking proteins nearly vanished in retracted retinal neurites.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>All together, LIRD rapidly triggers GluR2 plasticity, which is a potential mechanism behind functionally phenotypic revisions of retinal neurons and neuritogenesis during retinal degenerations.</p

Neurobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and its Frontostriatal Implications: a short review

Throughout its evolutionary course, stress has remained as an adaptive response to stimuli that may jeopardize the integrity of an organism. Within this perspective, we can classify the stressors as psychological,physical or harmful to cardiovascular stability. However, when intense stressful events occur, there is a possibility of developing PTSD. This disorder makes use of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which is commonly activated during stress and is kept activated even when the stressful stimulus has ended months ago. The consequences of this condition are observed at the neuroendocrine, neurochemical and anatomical level. This review aims to give a brief report of the neurobiology of stress, PTSD, and its implications in various structures,such as the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex

Comparación de convertidores CD/CD para celdas de combustible

Los convertidores CD/CD elevadores se utilizan en las aplicaciones donde se necesita obtener una magnitud mayor de tensión. En los dispositivos de las fuentes renovables que transforman la energía proveniente de la radiación solar, las mareas, el viento, etc, a energía eléctrica se necesita de un convertidor CD/CD para mantener un flujo de energía estable, ya sea para almacenarla o para alimentar un dispositivo eléctrico. En este análisis comparativo se mencionan topologías de convertidores CD/CD para celdas de combustible, se mencionan las ventajas, desventajas y principales características de topologías recientes.PALABRAS CLAVE: Convertidor CD/CD, celdas de combustible

The potential for indirect effects between co‐flowering plants via shared pollinators depends on resource abundance, accessibility and relatedness

Co-flowering plant species commonly share flower visitors, and thus have the potential to influence each other's pollination. In this study we analysed 750 quantitative plant-pollinator networks from 28 studies representing diverse biomes worldwide. We show that the potential for one plant species to influence another indirectly via shared pollinators was greater for plants whose resources were more abundant (higher floral unit number and nectar sugar content) and more accessible. The potential indirect influence was also stronger between phylogenetically closer plant species and was independent of plant geographic origin (native vs. non-native). The positive effect of nectar sugar content and phylogenetic proximity was much more accentuated for bees than for other groups. Consequently, the impact of these factors depends on the pollination mode of plants, e.g. bee or fly pollinated. Our findings may help predict which plant species have the greatest importance in the functioning of plant-pollination networks

Intensificação da pecuária em Goiás

This study aimed to analyze the level of livestock intensification in the years 2006 and 2017, in which data from the Agricultural Census conducted by IBGE are available, in the state of Goiás – GO (Central-West region). Using factor analysis techniques, hierarchical and non-hierarchical clusters based on data from the Agricultural Census, LAPIG/UFG and Agrodefesa – GO, it was possible to generate an index of intensification of livestock for beef and dairy cattle. The results indicate a significant intensification of livestock with an increase of 45% in stocking rate, in addition to an increase of 66% in animal supplementation, and 49% in milk productivity per cow. Livestock is a sectorized activity, which develops more intensely in specific areas. In addition, dairy activity has a higher level of intensification than beef cattle activity. In 2006, 47 counties for beef cattle and 104 counties for dairy farming were classified as high intensification. In 2017, the number of municipalities with high intensification was 49 and 111, respectively

Intensificação da pecuária em Goiás

This study aimed to analyze the level of livestock intensification in the years 2006 and 2017, in which data from the Agricultural Census conducted by IBGE are available, in the state of Goiás – GO (Central-West region). Using factor analysis techniques, hierarchical and non-hierarchical clusters based on data from the Agricultural Census, LAPIG/UFG and Agrodefesa – GO, it was possible to generate an index of intensification of livestock for beef and dairy cattle. The results indicate a significant intensification of livestock with an increase of 45% in stocking rate, in addition to an increase of 66% in animal supplementation, and 49% in milk productivity per cow. Livestock is a sectorized activity, which develops more intensely in specific areas. In addition, dairy activity has a higher level of intensification than beef cattle activity. In 2006, 47 counties for beef cattle and 104 counties for dairy farming were classified as high intensification. In 2017, the number of municipalities with high intensification was 49 and 111, respectively