Application of brassinolide mitigates saline stress of certain metabolites of sorghum grown in Karaikal

Effect of brassinolide on the metabolite contents (free proline, soluble proteins and RNA) of two sorghum varieties (‘CSH-5’ and ‘CSH-6’) grown in two saline experimental sites of Karaikal viz. Varchikudy and Mallavur, was studied. Brassinolide application resulted in substantial elevated levels of free proline, soluble proteins and RNA of the two varieties of sorghum plants grown in two saline experimental sites of Karaikal. The study revealed that brassinolide was more effective in more saline site –II (Mallavur) than less saline site –I (Varchikudy) thus indicating its ability to counteract the negative impact of saline stress.&nbsp

Effect of brassinolide on certain enzymes of sorghum grown in saline soils of Karaikal

The effect of brassinolide on the activities of certain enzymes like IAA oxidase, protease and ribonuclease of two sorghum varieties (‘CSH-5’ and ‘CSH-6’) grown in four saline experimental sites of Karaikal viz. Varchikudy, Pogalam, Kilavur and  Mallavur, was studied. Brassinolide-treatment resulted in lowered IAA oxidase, protease and ribonuclease activities. The study revealed that brassinolide was more effective in lowering the enzyme activities in Mallavur than other saline sites (Pogalam, Kilavur and Varchikudy).Â

Influence of brassinosteroids on metabolites of Raphanus Sativus L.

The effect of 24-epibrassinolide and 28-homobrassinolide on the soluble proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and carbohydrate fractions (reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars and starch) of radish was studied. Brassinosteroids elevated the soluble proteins of radish. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) were also increased by brassinosteroid- application. Increased levels of carbohydrates in terms of reducing sugars, non - reducing sugars and starch was also observed.Â

Brassinolide improves nutrient value in storage roots of Raphnus sativus L. var Pusa chetki long

The effect of brassinolide on the qualitative changes in the storage roots of radish was studied. Brassinolide stimulated the growth of radish roots. The root growth promotion was associated with increased levels of reducing sugars, starch, soluble proteins and minerals like phosphorous, potassium, calcium, iron and sodium. Brassinolide further increased the contents of ascorbic acid and niacin present in the roots indicating their ability to improve the over all quality of storage roots of radish.&nbsp

Brassinosteroids on the oxidizing and hydrolyzing enzymes of radish plants – A study

The effect of 24-epibrassinolide and 28-homobrassinolide on the activities of two oxidizing enzymes (catalase and peroxidase) and two hydrolyzing enzymes (ribonuclease and protease) of radish plants were studied. Both the brassinosteroids stimulated the activity of the oxidizing enzyme, catalase of the radish plants. The activity of the other oxidizing enzyme peroxidase was decreased by the application of 24-epibrassinolide and 28-homobrassinolide. Brassinosteroid-treatment resulted in lowered protease as well as ribonuclease activity

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries