Pre-treatment and extraction techniques for recovery of added value compounds from wastes throughout the agri-food chain

The enormous quantity of food wastes discarded annually force to look for alternatives for this interesting feedstock. Thus, food bio-waste valorisation is one of the imperatives of the nowadays society. This review is the most comprehensive overview of currently existing technologies and processes in this field. It tackles classical and innovative physical, physico-chemical and chemical methods of food waste pre-treatment and extraction for recovery of added value compounds and detection by modern technologies and are an outcome of the COST Action EUBIS, TD1203 Food Waste Valorisation for Sustainable Chemicals, Materials and Fuels

Normal references of tricuspid annuler plane systolic excursion values in healthy children

Giriş ve amaç: Triküspit anüler düzlem sistolik hareketi (TAPSE) sağ ventrikül sistolik fonksiyonlarını değerlendirmede kullanılan ekokardiyografik bir ölçümdür. Erişkinlerde normal TAPSE değerleri belirlenmişken çocuklarda referans aralıklarla ilgili yapılan çalışma sayısı yeterli değildir. Bu çalışmada ülkemizdeki sağlıklı çocukların referans TAPSE değerlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır Yöntem ve gereç: Çalışmada polikliniğimize üfürüm nedeni ile yönlendirilen, yaşları 0-18 arasında değişen 670 sağlıklı çocuk değerlendirildi. Kardiyak problemi olanlar veya başka bir hastalığı olanlar çalışmaya dahil edilmedi. TAPSE ölçümü M-mod ekokardiyografi tekniği kullanılarak ölçüldü. Çocuklarda yaş ve yüzey alanının TAPSE ile ilişkisi araştırıldı. Bulgular: Ortalama TAPSE değerleri 19,96±5,49 bulundu. Kız ve erkek çocuklar arasında TAPSE değerleri açısından anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı. Artan yaş ve yüzey alanı ile beraber TAPSE değerlerinin arttığı tespit edildi. Ortalama TAPSE değeri yenidoğan yaş grubunda 9±1,35 iken 13-18 yaş grubunda 26,27±3,37 bulundu. Çalışmada kalp hızı ile TAPSE arasında ise negatif korelasyon olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada ülkemizde sağlıklı çocuklarda TAPSE değerlerinin normal aralıkları persantil tablolar oluşturularak sunuldu. Bu referans değerler çocuklarda sağ ventrikül sistolik fonksiyonlarını değerlendirmek için günlük pratikte yol gösterici olabilir.Introduction and objectives: Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) is an echocardiographic measure that allows us to assess right ventricular systolic function. Although normal values are available in adults, there are not enough studies for references of TAPSE in children. Our objective was to establish reference values for TAPSE in our country. Methods and materials: This study included 670 healthy children (age range, 0 to 18 years) referred to our out-patient department for assessment of cardiac murmur. Patients with confirmed cardiac or any other disease were excluded. TAPSE was measured using M-mode echocardiography. The correlation between ages and body surface areas in children and TAPSE values were investigated. Results: Mean TAPSE values were 19,96±5,49. There was no significant differences in TAPSE values between female or male children. TAPSE values increased by the increasing age and body surface area. TAPSE ranged from a mean of 9±1,35 in neonates to 26,27±3,37 in 13-18 years age group. There was found to be a negative correlation between TAPSE values and heart rate in the study. Conclusion: Normal values of healthy children for TAPSE in our country were presented as percentile charts in this study. These reference values could guide the clinicians to evaluate the systolic functions of right ventricle in children in daily practice

Analysis of Forming Limit Diagrams of DP600 Steel at Various Deformation Speeds

WOS: 000208594600207The forming limit diagrams (FLDs) of DP600 steel at various deformation speeds are experimentally investigated. Results show that forming limit diagram of the material at various deformation speeds is not significantly different. The left side of the FLD is most rate insensitive than the right side of the FLD. The outcome of the research is used for finite element software to evaluate simulation results correctly

Związek między niedoborem witaminy D a krętym przebiegiem tętnic wieńcowych

Background: Increasing evidence suggests a relationship between vitamin D (VD) insufficiency and cardiovascular disease. Aim: We aimed to investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH VD) with coronary tortuosity (CT) in patients with normal or near-normal (< 40% stenosis) coronary arteries. Methods: The present study was cross-sectional and observational. We enrolled 356 consecutive patients who had undergone coronary angiography for suspected ischaemic heart disease and were found to have normal or near-normal coronary arteries. Patients were categorised as VD insufficient (< 30 ng/mL) or VD sufficient (≥ 30 ng/dL). CT was defined as the presence of ≥ three bends (defined as ≥ 45° change in vessel direction) along the main trunk of at least one coronary artery, present both in systole and in diastole. Results: The study populations were divided into two groups according to the presence of CT: patients with CT (n = 103, 29%) and patients without CT (NCT; n = 253, 71%). CT is more frequently seen in elderly women and is positively correlated with hypertension. The incidence of VD insufficiency was significantly higher in the CT group (n = 46, 45%) than in the NCT group (n = 90, 36%; p = 0.005). In further multivariate logistic regression analyses, adjustment for major clinical parameters affecting CT showed statistically significant correlations between 25-OH VD and CT (odds ratio = 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.66–0.98, p = 0.006). Conclusions: Vitamin D insufficiency was independently associated with coronary tortuosity.Wstęp: Coraz więcej danych wskazuje na związek niedoboru witaminy D (VD) z chorobami sercowo-naczyniowymi. Cel: Badanie przeprowadzono w celu oceny zależności między stężeniem 25-hydroksywitaminy D (25-OH VD) w surowicy a krętym przebiegiem tętnic wieńcowych u chorych z prawidłowymi lub nieznacznie zmienionymi (zwężenie < 40%) tętnicami wieńcowymi. Metody: Badanie miało charakter przekrojowy i obserwacyjny. Włączono do niego 356 kolejnych pacjentów poddanych koronarografii z powodu podejrzenia choroby niedokrwiennej serca i u których stwierdzono prawidłowy lub nieznacznie zmieniony obraz tętnic wieńcowych. Chorych podzielono na dwie grupy: osoby z niedoborem VD (< 30 ng/ml) oraz osoby z prawidłowym stężeniem VD (≥ 30 ng/dl). Kręty przebieg tętnic wieńcowych definiowano jako obecność ≥ 3 zagięć (określonych jako zmiana kierunku przebiegu naczynia o ≥ 45°) w głównej części co najmniej jednej tętnicy wieńcowej, widocznych zarówno w czasie skurczu, jak i rozkurczu. Wyniki: Badaną populację podzielono na dwie grupy w zależności od występowania krętego przebiegu naczyń: osoby z krętym przebiegiem tętnic wieńcowych (CT; n = 103, 29%) i osoby bez krętego przebiegu tętnic wieńcowych (NCT; n = 253, 71%). Kręty przebieg tętnic wieńcowych występuje częściej u kobiet w podeszłym wieku i jest dodatnio skorelowany z nadciśnieniem tętniczym. Niedobór VD występował istotnie częściej w grupie CT (n = 46, 45%) niż w grupie NCT (n = 90, 36%; p = 0,005). W wieloczynnikowej analizie regresji logistycznej wykazano, po skorygowaniu względem najważniejszych parametrów klinicznych wpływających na krętość tętnic, statystycznie istotną korelację między stężeniem 25-OH VD a krętym przebiegiem tętnic wieńcowych (iloraz szans = 0,77; 95% przedział ufności 0,66–0,98; p = 0,006). Wnioski: Niedobór VD był niezależnie związany z krętym przebiegiem tętnic wieńcowych