BVRI Light Curves for 29 Type Ia Supernovae

BVRI light curves are presented for 27 Type Ia supernovae discovered during the course of the Calan/Tololo Survey and for two other SNe Ia observed during the same period. Estimates of the maximum light magnitudes in the B, V, and I bands and the initial decline rate parameter m15(B) are also given.Comment: 17 pages, figures and tables are not included (contact first author if needed), to appear in the Astronomical Journa

Útero de couvelaire, presentación de caso clínico.

Introduction: The uterus of Couvelaire, is a pathological state of the uterus, whose presentation is the result of the more severe expression of the placental abruption. It is characterized by blood infiltration of the myometrium, product of the formation of a massive retro-placental hematoma. It occurs in 0.4 to 1% of pregnancies, is also known as uteroplacental stroke and occupies 33% of all cases of detachment; the main risk factor for its development is preeclampsia. General objective: to present a clinical case of couvelaire uterus, and its fetal maternal results. Specific objectives: 1) To analyze the pathophysiology of the Couvelaire uterus in pregnant women. 2) To determine the risk factors that contribute to the formation of couvelaire uterus. Materials and methods: a descriptive study was performed, presenting a clinical case. Authorization was obtained from the patient through informed consent and institutional authorization from the teaching and research department for access to medical records and publication of images. Clinical case: 34-year-old female patient with satisfied parity, has an obstetric history of 3 previous caesarean sections and two abortions, gestas 5, attends the emergency with abdominal pain, accompanied by transvaginal bleeding. At the physical examination and ultrasound, 34 weeks fetal death is evidenced, emergency cesarean section is performed in which couvelaire uterus with 30% uterine hematic invasion, hypotonic uterus, so, B-Lynch suture is performed. Patient with severe preeclampsia, plus incomplete HELLP syndrome, undiagnosed during pregnancy. Results: In a retrospective case-control study conducted in Hong Kong and published in 2023, patients who presented with Couvelaire uterus showed higher rates of uterine atony, postpartum bleeding, disseminated intravascular coagulation and blood transfusion. Newborns of mothers with Couvelaire uterus, had higher rates of acidosis, low Apgar and development of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Of the cases reported in the literature and in addition to the case presented, all patients had preeclampsia as a risk factor. Conclusions: The couvelaire uterus is a rare clinical condition, but with very high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. It occurs because of a massive placental abruption, most likely as a result of the lack of detection of risk factors such as preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome during prenatal monitoring, therefore, it is necessary to emphasize that in obstetric gynaecological clinical practice it is important the early identification of the risk factors that contribute to the development of this pathological condition and also the timely recognition of the clinical signs of placental abruption.Introducción: El útero de Couvelaire, es un estado patológico del útero, cuya presentación es el resultado de la expresión más severa del desprendimiento prematuro de placenta. Se caracteriza por infiltración hemática del miometrio, producto de la formación de un hematoma retro placentario masivo. Ocurre en el 0.4 a 1% de los embarazos, también es conocido con el nombre de apoplejía uteroplacentaria y ocupa el 33 % de todos los casos de desprendimiento; el principal factor de riesgo para su desarrollo es la preeclampsia. Objetivo General: presentar un caso clínico de útero de couvelaire, y sus resultados maternos fetales. Objetivos específicos: 1) Analizar la fisiopatología del útero de Couvelaire en gestantes. 2) Determinar los factores de riesgo que contribuyen a la formación de útero de couvelaire. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, presentación de caso clínico. Se obtuvo autorización de la paciente mediante consentimiento informado y autorización Institucional del departamento de docencia e investigación, para el acceso a las historias clínicas y publicación de imágenes.  Caso clínico: paciente femenino de 34 años con paridad satisfecha, tiene como antecedentes obstétricos 3 cesáreas anteriores y dos abortos, gestas 5, acude a la emergencia con dolor abdominopélvico, acompañado de sangrado transvaginal.  Al examen físico y rastreo ecográfico, se evidencia óbito fetal de 34 semanas, se realiza cesárea de emergencia en la cual se evidencia, útero de couvelaire con invasión hemática uterina del 30 %, útero hipotónico, por lo que, se realiza sutura de B-Lynch. Paciente con preeclampsia severa, más síndrome de HELLP incompleto, no diagnosticada en su embarazo. Resultados: En un estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles realizado en Hong Kong y publicado en el año 2023, las pacientes que presentaron útero de Couvelaire manifestaron tasas más altas de atonía uterina, hemorragia posparto, coagulación intravascular diseminada y transfusión sanguínea. Los recién nacidos de madres con útero de Couvelaire, tuvieron tasas más altas de acidosis, bajo Apgar y desarrollo de encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica. De los casos reportados en la literatura y además del caso presentado, todas las pacientes tuvieron como factor de riesgo preeclampsia. Conclusiones: El útero de couvelaire es una condición clínica poco frecuente, pero con morbilidad y mortalidad materna y fetal muy elevada. Se produce a causa de un desprendimiento placentario masivo, muy probablemente  a consecuencia de la  falta de detección de factores de riesgo como la preeclampsia y el síndrome de HELLP durante el control prenatal,  por lo que, es necesario enfatizar que en la práctica clínica gineco obstétrica  es importante  la identificación temprana de los factores de riesgos que contribuyen al  desarrollo de esta condición patológica y también del reconocimiento oportuno de los signos clínicos de desprendimiento placentari

Embarazo ectópico abdominal accidentado, presentación de caso clínico

Introduction: Abdominal ectopic pregnancy represents 1% of extrauterine pregnancies; its incidence ranges between 1:10,000 and 1:30,000 pregnancies, has the highest mortality rate, being this 7.7 times higher, than in other ectopic pregnancies. Objectives: To present a clinical case of an abdominal ectopic accident, its diagnosis and timely treatment. Materials and methods: a descriptive and retrospective study was performed, presenting a clinical case. Authorization was obtained from the teaching and research department for access to medical records and publication of images. Clinical case:  21-year-old female patient, pregnancies 1, deliveries: 1, intergenetic period 5 years, presents symptomatology of 2 days of evolution, characterized by : moderate to high intensity pain in right iliac fossa, which is irradiated to hypogastrium. The physical examination draws attention to the depressive soft abdomen, painful in the right iliac fossa to the superficial and deep palpation, the vaginal exam closed cervix, painful to mobilization, does not present transvaginal losses. Ultrasound examination confirmed the presence of an ectopic miscarried pregnancy, so exploratory laparotomy was performed showing hemoperitoneum 1000 CC approximately, aspiration was performed, cavity was examined and uterus was observed, annexes within normal limits, unscathed , ectopic pregnancy is observed located in epiplón on the right side, in addition to satisfied maternity, partial bilateral salpinguectomy is performed. Discussion: Abdominal ectopic pregnancy represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge and can be located at the bottom of the pelvic sac, wide ligament, intestine or lateral pelvic wall, is a rare type of pregnancy and is often misdiagnosed, passing a long time , evolving into hemoperitoneum, abortion, embolism or, rarely, in diagnosed cases, live birth by cesarean section. In the case presented, the pregnancy was located at the level of epiplón. Conclusion: In our country, there is not yet a study that exposes the current reality of this condition at the national level, being abdominal ectopic pregnancy, a pathology with a mortality 7 times higher than other ectopic pregnancies, for its atypical clinical presentation and its difficult ultrasound location. It is concluded that in the presence of abdominal pain and positive serum HGC test in a young woman in reproductive stage with or without the use of contraceptive methods, the presence of an extrauterine pregnancy should be suspected and its treatment will depend on its hemodynamic state, whereas, if you arrive in hypovolemic shock your treatment will be imminent surgical, because it is a life-threatening accident ectopic pregnancy, as happened in the case presented, whose diagnosis was intraoperative at the time of the examination of the abdominal cavity; which can be performed , laparoscopically or by exploratory laparotomy, giving resolution and control of hemodynamics. In other cases conservative medical treatment with metrotexate may be given as long as it meets criteria.El embarazo ectópico abdominal, representa el 1% de los embarazos extrauterinos; su incidencia oscila entre 1:10 000 y 1:30 000 embarazos, tiene la tasa de mortalidad más alta, siendo esta  7,7 veces mayor, que en los otros embarazos ectópicos. Objetivos: Presentar un caso clínico de embarazo ectópico abdominal accidentado, su diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno.  Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, presentación de caso clínico. Se obtuvo autorización del departamento de docencia e investigación, para el acceso a las historias clínicas y publicación de imágenes. Caso clínico: Paciente femenino de 21 años de edad, gestas 1, partos: 1, periodo intergenésico 5 años, presenta sintomatología de 2 días de evolución, caracterizada por : dolor  de moderada a gran intensidad en fosa iliaca derecha, que se irradia a hipogastrio. Al examen físico llama la atención abdomen blando depresible, doloroso en fosa iliaca derecha a la palpación superficial y profunda, al tacto vaginal cérvix cerrado, doloroso a la movilización, no presenta perdidas transvaginales. Al rastreo ecográfico, se confirma presencia de embarazo ectópico accidentado, por lo que, se realiza laparotomía exploratoria donde se evidencia hemoperitoneo 1000 CC aproximadamente, se procede a aspiración del mismo, se explora cavidad y se observa útero, anexos dentro de limites normales, indemnes , se  observa embarazo ectópico localizado en epiplón del lado derecho, además por maternidad satisfecha, se realiza  salpinguectomía parcial bilateral. Discusión: El embarazo ectópico abdominal representa un desafío diagnóstico, pudiendo localizarse en el fondo de saco pélvico, el ligamento ancho, el intestino o la pared pélvica lateral. Es un tipo raro de embarazo y a menudo se diagnostica erróneamente, dejando pasar mucho tiempo, evolucionando en hemoperitoneo, aborto, embolia o, rara vez, en casos diagnosticados, nacimiento vivo por cesárea. En el caso presentado, el embarazo se localizó a nivel de epiplón. Conclusión:    En nuestro país, no existe aún, un estudio que exponga la realidad actual de esta condición a nivel nacional, siendo el embarazo ectópico abdominal, una patología con una mortalidad 7 veces mayor que las demás gestaciones ectópicas, por su presentación clínica atípica y su difícil localización ecográfica. Se  concluye que ante la presencia de dolor abdominal y prueba sérica de HGC positivo en una mujer joven en etapa reproductiva  con o sin uso de métodos anticonceptivos, se debe sospechar la presencia de un embarazo extrauterino y su tratamiento dependerá de su estado hemodinámico, por cuanto,  si llega en shock hipovolémico su tratamiento será quirúrgico, debido a que se trata de un embarazo ectópico accidentado que compromete la vida, como sucedió en el caso presentado,  cuyo diagnóstico fue intraoperatorio en el momento de la exploración de la cavidad abdominal;  el cual puede realizarse ,  por vía laparoscópica o mediante laparotomía exploratoria, dando resolución y control de hemodinamia. En otros casos se puede dar tratamiento médico conservador con metrotexato siempre y cuando cumpla criterios

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Discurso y lenguaje: La génesis pre-lingüística del significado en Ser y tiempo

This paper provides an interpretation of Sein und Zeit §34, in the context of the existential analytic of Dasein. Dealing with the Rede – Sprache distinction, it tries to show how in Heidegger’s conception, at least at the time of writing his main work, language is an existentially founded phenomenon that takes root in the prelinguistic opening of a space of meaning. In the light of this ontological structure of meaning and language it is possible to make sense of the analyzed text and to do justice to the systematic place of language in the broader philosophical project of Sein und Zeit. This particular place makes the heideggerian approach to language radically different from other contemporary approaches to the phenomenon

Plan estratégico para el mejoramiento de las condiciones de salud aplicado a la fuerza de trabajo del sector artesanal de la ciudad de Gualaceo, como factor de crecimiento de la producción y productividad, periodo 2017 a 2020

El presente trabajo, “planificación estratégica para el mejoramiento de las condiciones de salud aplicado a la fuerza de trabajo del sector artesanal del cantón Gualaceo, como factor de crecimiento de la producción y productividad, periodo 2017-2020,” tiene el objetivo de incrementar la productividad del artesano del cantón, minimizando los días de trabajo perdidos a causa de alguna enfermedad. En el presente estudio se parte de la hipótesis de que la salud afecta a la productividad, por tanto se realizó una regresión lineal tomando como base el modelo de Mincer (1974), en donde no se rechazó la hipótesis planteada puesto que la variable estado de salud tiene significancia económica y estadística. Para la obtención de la información, se consideró la opinión de los artesanos que habitan en el cantón, para la cual se recurrió a una fuente de información primaria, aplicándose una encuesta con preguntas enfocadas en tres aspectos: la Junta Cantonal de Defensa del Artesano, la Salud y la Comercialización. De la información obtenida se realizó la identificación de áreas críticas del problema a ser resueltas, utilizando herramientas como el FODA, análisis del entorno de la empresa, entre otras. Finalmente, se realiza una propuesta viable en base a la identificación de algunos proyectos, planteados a nivel de perfil que servirán para resolver los problemas de la Junta de Artesanos de Gualaceo.The present work of “strategic planning for the improvement of the health conditions applied to the work force of the artisanal sector of Gualaceo, as a factor of growth of the production and productivity, period 2017-2020.” It has the objective of increasing the productivity of the artisan of the town, minimizing the days of work lost due to some disease. The present study is based on the hypothesis that health affects productivity, so a linear regression was carried out based on Mincer's model (1974), in which the hypothesis was not rejected since the variable state of health has economic and statistical significance. To obtain the information, the opinion of the artisans living in the Town was considered, for which a source of primary information was used, applying a survey with questions focused on three aspects: the Cantonal Defense Board of the Artisan, Health and Marketing. From the information obtained, the identification of critical areas of the problem to be solved was carried out, using tools such as the SWOT, analysis of the company's environment, among others. Finally, a viable proposal is made based on the identification of some projects, raised at the profile level that will serve to solve the problems of the Board of Artisans of Gualaceo.EconomistaCuenc

Conservación de la biodiversidad en Chile, ¿legalmente suficiente?: La necesidad de cartografiar la ley antes de decidir Biodiversity conservation in Chile, legally enough?: The need for mapping the law before deciding

El 99,8 % del territorio donde se sustenta la biodiversidad es rural y ha estado tradicionalmente regulado por legislación dispersa, sectorial e inorgánica. La legislación moderna, más holística, como la Ley de Bases Generales del Medio Ambiente adolece de imperfecciones relacionadas con la vigencia, la interpretación y, sobre todo, el que la ley se haga cumplir. En este trabajo argumentamos que la aplicación de modelos tomados de la literatura ecológica buscando apoyar la biología de conservación puede ser complementada fuertemente si es acompañada de una medición de la superficie territorial (cantidad y distribución en el espacio) efectivamente afectada por la legislación vigente de protección ambiental. Nuestro trabajo intenta dar respuesta a la pregunta ¿cuánto es lo que efectivamente, en superficie, queda protegido si se hace cumplir la ley? Para esto hemos expresado cartográficamente textos legales relacionados con el bosque nativo, analizamos la complejidad y los efectos de su aplicación y demostramos que basta hacer cumplir la ley para asegurar un mínimo en que, además de aumentar la superficie protegida, aumenta la conectividad y cambian los patrones de fragmentación. La metodología muestra claras ventajas relacionadas con su aplicación para el monitoreo, planificación y control de efectividad de programas socialesAbout 99.8 % of the land sustaining biodiversity in Chile is rural and regulated by legislation, which has been qualified as disperse, too specific or inorganic. Even though modern legislation like (Chilean Law of Environmental Basis) tends to be more holistic in nature, serious imperfections connected with applicability, interpretation and, mainly enforcement still prevails. We argue here that any search for, or application of, ecological models as a support for conservation biology could be strongly complemented by a measurement of the land surface (amount and spatial distribution) effectively affected by present environmental protection legislation. Our study attempts to answer to the question of how much land will be effectively under protection if law is enforced. To answer this question we designed and tested a methodology to express, in cartographic form, legal dispositions related with Chilean native forest protection. We analyzed its complexity and the effects of its application. We show that it is enough to enforce the law to get to assure a minimum of land, which in addition of increasing the currently protected are also increases connectivity while changing fragmentation patterns. Our SIG based methodology has advantages in terms of its application to environmental monitoring, planning and control of social initiative

Role of TRPM8 channels in altered cold sensitivity of corneal primary sensory neurons induced by axonal damage

The cornea is extensively innervated by trigeminal ganglion cold thermoreceptor neurons expressing TRPM8 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8). These neurons respond to cooling, hyperosmolarity and wetness of the corneal surface. Surgical injury of corneal nerve fibers alters tear production and often causes dry eye sensation. The contribution of TRPM8-expressing corneal cold-sensitive neurons (CCSNs) to these symptoms is unclear. Using extracellular recording of CCSNs nerve terminals combined with in vivo confocal tracking of reinnervation, Ca2+ imaging and patch-clamp recordings of fluorescent retrogradely labeled corneal neurons in culture, we analyzed the functional modifications of CCSNs induced by peripheral axonal damage in male mice. After injury, the percentage of CCSNs, the cold- and menthol-evoked intracellular [Ca2+] rises and the TRPM8 current density in CCSNs were larger than in sham animals, with no differences in the brake K+ current IKD. Active and passive membrane properties of CCSNs from both groups were alike and corresponded mainly to those of canonical low- and high-threshold cold thermoreceptor neurons. Ongoing firing activity and menthol sensitivity were higher in CCSN terminals of injured mice, an observation accounted for by mathematical modeling. These functional changes developed in parallel with a partial reinnervation of the cornea by TRPM8(+) fibers and with an increase in basal tearing in injured animals compared with sham mice. Our results unveil key TRPM8-dependent functional changes in CCSNs in response to injury, suggesting that increased tearing rate and ocular dryness sensation derived from deep surgical ablation of corneal nerves are due to enhanced functional expression of TRPM8 channels in these injured trigeminal primary sensory neurons.This work was supported by Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT) Grants 1161733 (R.M.), 1140520 (J.B.), 1181076 (P.O.), Retos Grants 2017 RSAF2017-83674-C2-1-R and C2-2-R MINECO Spain (C.B. and A.Í.-P), and by the Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD; R.M.). R.P. was supported by FONDECYT Postdoctoral Grant 3170249. MiNICAD is a Millennium Nucleus supported by the Millennium Science Initiative of the Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism (Chile). The CINV is a Millennium Science Institute funded by the Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism (Chile). R.M. thanks Pfizer (WI177114) for providing PBMCs and VRIDEI-USACH for support to G.U. and R.P.Peer reviewe