e-Social Science and Evidence-Based Policy Assessment : Challenges and Solutions

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Attitudinal and demographic determinants of diet quality and implications for policy targeting

Background:  Poor diet quality is a major public health concern that has prompted governments to introduce a range of measures to promote healthy eating. For these measures to be effective, they should target segments of the population with messages relevant to their needs, aspirations and circumstances. The present study investigates the extent to which attitudes and constraints influence healthy eating, as well as how these vary by demographic characteristics of the UK population. It further considers how such information may be used in segmented diet and health policy messages. Methods:  A survey of 250 UK adults elicited information on conformity to dietary guidelines, attitudes towards healthy eating, constraints to healthy eating and demographic characteristics. Ordered logit regressions were estimated to determine the importance of attitudes and constraints in determining how closely respondents follow healthy eating guidelines. Further regressions explored the demographic characteristics associated with the attitudinal and constraint variables. Results:  People who attach high importance to their own health and appearance eat more healthily than those who do not. Risk-averse people and those able to resist temptation also eat more healthily. Shortage of time is considered an important barrier to healthy eating, although the cost of a healthy diet is not. These variables are associated with a number of demographic characteristics of the population; for example, young adults are more motivated to eat healthily by concerns over their appearance than their health. Conclusions:  The approach employed in the present study could be used to inform future healthy eating campaigns. For example, messages to encourage the young to eat more healthily could focus on the impact of diets on their appearance rather than health

Wasted potential: The role of higher education institutions in supporting safe, sensible and social drinking among students

Setting: The United Kingdom (UK) government has acknowledged that there is a problem with excess alcohol consumption, in particular amongst young people. Higher education is an important health promotion setting in which to explore not only how sensible drinking patterns can be facilitated and embedded in students' current lifestyles but also how students, as future citizens, can inform policies which, in turn, will impact on future populations. Objective: This study aimed to explore and disseminate current practice relating to the promotion of sensible drinking amongst students attending higher education institutions (HEIs) in the south west of England. Along with the identification of examples of current practice, the study aimed to identify current issues and concerns relating to alcohol consumption amongst students. Method: Survey data from HEIs across the south west of England were gathered using questionnaires to key respondents in each institution. To further investigate what information on sensible drinking is available for students, an electronic search was made of each of the HEI's websites for relevant materials, initiatives and policies. Results: The HEIs involved in this study used a wide range of approaches and initiatives related to sensible drinking amongst their students. All of these contribute towards encouraging a culture of safer and more sensible drinking-related behaviour amongst students, and towards an emerging body of good practice. Conclusion: With the backdrop of the government's alcohol strategy, and the evidence linking excessive alcohol consumption to less productive student learning, recommendations are made to enhance this work in a more coordinated and sustainable way. © 2013 The Author(s)

MODERNIZATION AND SPORT: THE REFORM OF SPORT ENGLAND AND UK SPORT

This is the accepted version of the following article: HOULIHAN, B. and GREEN, M., 2009. Modernization and sport: the reform of sport England and UK sport. Public Administration, 87 (3), pp. 678 - 698, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9299.2008.01733.x.This article evaluates the impact of New Labour’s ‘modernization project’ on two key non-departmental public bodies for sport, Sport England and UK Sport. Our analysis concentrates on identifying the sources of the general momentum for modernization in the sport sector, how it has been interpreted by government in relation to the two organizations, the nature and consequences of modernization for both organizations, and the future of modernization. The analysis is informed by a range of public documents produced by government and by the two sports agencies, together with a series of seven interviews conducted with senior staff and members of Sport England and UK Sport and with senior civil servants in the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Our conclusions suggest that modernization has resulted in a narrowing of the two organizations’ objectives, the adoption of business-like principles and a ‘command and control’ regime in relationships with key frontline delivery partners