California environmental ballot proposition support by Census Tract, 1990-2000

Contains proportion of citizen votes in favor of various environment-related ballot propositions by Census Tract, for every tract in California. IncludesL 1996 Prop. 204 Water Bond [pr204appr_tr], 1998 Prop. 4 Trapping Practices [pr4appr_tr], 1998 Prop. 7 Air Quality Improvement [pr7appr_tr], 2000 Prop. 12 Parks [pr12appr_tr], and 2000 Prop. 13 Water [pr13appr_tr]. Dataset is unique at the state-county-tract2000-year level

Job Access, Commute and Travel Burden among Welfare Recipients

Summary. Welfare recip ients face a number of obstacles to making the transition from welfare to work. One is their geographical separation from employment opportunities: many welfare recip ients live in `job-poor ’ neighbourhoods far from employment for which they are quali ® ed. Combining administrativ e data on welfare recip ien ts and employm ent in Los Angeles with data from the 1990 decennial census, we show that greater access to local jobs in low-wage ® rms increases the likelihood that welfare recip ients ® nd employm ent in neighbourhood jobs. More-over, welfare recip ients who have long commutes earn less than those who ® nd work closer to home, contrary to the pattern for most workers. These ® ndings demonstrate that proxim ity to low-wage jobs bene ® ts welfare recip ients through reduced commuting expenses and increased earnings. In recent years, the goal of US welfare policy has shifted from one of income support to one of economic self-suf ® ciency; to accomplish this objective, current federal welfare programmes have been restructured to move welfare recipients from welfare to work within a ® xed period of time. In this context, numerous studies have examined the supply-side determinants of welfare usage, the characteristics of recipients that in ¯ uence welfare participation. Much less is known, however, about the barriers recipients face in ® nding and maintaining employment. A number of scholars assert that, among other obstacles to employment, welfare recipients face a spatial separation from jobs (Oster

Understanding the Intersection of Climate/Environmental Change, Health, Agriculture, and Improved Nutrition: A Case Study on Micronutrient Nutrition and Animal Source Foods

With a growing global population, the demand for high-quality food to meet nutritional needs continues to increase. Our ability to meet those needs is challenged by a changing environment that includes constraints on land and water resources and growing concerns about the impact of human activity including agricultural practices on the changing climate. Adaptations that meet food/nutritional demands while avoiding unintended consequences including negatively affecting the environment are needed. This article covers a specific case study, the role of animal source foods (ASFs) in meeting micronutrient needs in a changing environment. The article covers our understanding of the role of ASFs in meeting micronutrient needs, evidence-based approaches to the development of nutrition guidance, the current issues associated with the relation between animal production practices and greenhouse gas emissions, and examples of how we might model the myriad sources of relevant data to better understand these complex interrelations