Analysis of a Partial Differential Equation Model for Necrotizing Enterocolitis.

This thesis presents and analyzes a mathematical model for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a devastating disease that attacks the gastrointestinal tract of pre-term infants. Mathematical models for NEC have been developed in the past. These modes are extremely valuable and provide important insights into the disease. However, all of the models developed previously are one dimensional, ordinary differential equation models and, therefore, simulate only the transient effects of NEC but do not fully model its spatial effects. The mathematical model presented here is a three dimensional model in the form of a system of nonlinear partial differential equations. A three dimensional model is needed to accurately simulate diffusion and advection of the major factors in NEC, to account for the different effects of NEC in the different regions in the body, and to fully integrate all the effects of such mechanisms as epithelial cell degradation and migration. This thesis presents medical research regarding NEC, constructs inflammatory cascades related to the disease, and develops the system of partial differential equation system. Also, full mathematical analysis of the system of equations. The mathematical analysis of the system of partial differential equations and the associated a mixed finite element analysis are, perhaps, the most important parts of the thesis. The results of this analysis have significance for the NEC system and have significance independent of the NEC system. For example, existence, uniqueness, and regularity analysis is presented in the weak mixed form for coupled nonlinear partial differential equations. Furthermore, finite element analysis (using the mixed method) is done on this coupled system and convergence is proven, a new and very important result. No mixed method finite element analysis has previously been published for this system. Similar analysis is done on the rest of the partial differential equations in the system. At the end of the thesis, computer simulations are done using the mathematical model. These simulations demonstrate that the NEC mathematical model presented here produces realistic results consistent with the actual progression of the disease

Rising Incidence of Hip Fracture in Gwangju City and Chonnam Province, Korea

The purpose of study was to determine the incidence of hip fracture in 2001, to compare this with that of 1991, and to identify possible causes of change. Patients aged 50 yr or more living in Gwangju City and Chonnam Province, Korea, and who sustained a fracture of the hip during 2001 were investigated. Only patients who were admitted to hospitals for primary treatment of the first hip fracture were selected. There were 1,152 patients. A comparison of fracture incidences for 1991 and 2001 showed considerable increase during the 10-yr period. The total annual number of hip fractures rose from 247 in 1991 to 1,152 in 2001 and the fracture incidence also increased remarkably from 3.3 persons per 10,000 population in 1991 to 13.3 in 2001, representing a 4-fold increase over 10-yr. The reasons for this rising trend of hip fracture were not fully explained. However, an increase in the elderly population, an increase in osteoporosis, and an increase in injurious falls could partly account for the observed increase

Translating Christianity in an Age of Reformations

This article argues that the age of the Protestant and Catholic Reformations and the global spread of the latter brought with it the challenge that not only was it necessary to learn new languages in order to communicate the Christian message to non-European peoples encountered during the so-called ‘Age of Discovery’, but some kind of control had to be exercised over the new, global circulation of sacred images and relics. The latter facilitated the visual (and virtual) translation of such holy sites as Jerusalem and Rome and its specific holy treasures in the mental prayers of the faithful. It concludes that it was less Lamin Sanneh’s ‘triumph of [linguistic] translatability’ and more the physical translatability of the sacred that made possible the emergence of Roman Catholicism as this planet’s first world religion

SURGERY OF THE HIP JOINT

xvi,840 hlm; 18,5 x 26 c

SURGERY OF THE HIP JOINT

xv-839cm; 1813FKUA1B14