Algorithms for anomaly detection in video sequences through discriminative models

Monitoring public areas with pedestrians is a task that has to be frequently accomplished by means of security systems. Nevertheless, manual detection of these anomalies is a tough task and it is easy to lose interesting events when many areas have to be attended. This is the main reason why the automated detection of these anomalies and interesting events in general has become an important source of research in the past years, specially in the eld of computer vision. Automated anomaly detection is still an open task even though that many methods have been proposed. One of the reasons is that a successful and accurate anomaly detection algorithm strongly depends on the context and the de nition of the anomalies to detect and the objects that produce them. The state of the art included in this work has been developed to make a complete study of all these aspects in detail, as well as a study of advantages and drawbacks of the main methods of the literature, helping to choose the best techniques and strategies for speci c surveillance scenarios. Since there is a great di culty to model every anomaly, we have decided to fashion the normality by means of Gaussian mixture models, which are relatively simple methods compared to others in the literature such as [1, 2], but that have shown potential at detecting anomalies. This can be observed on the methods proposed in [3] and [4]. We have decided to work at pixel level. Thus, to feed the model, discriminative descriptors are built based on a robust optical ow method, that has become the main source of motion and textural information of the scene. This fact makes this work di erent to other state-of-the-art approaches that work at pixel-level, whose optical ow is not capable to give such a detailed information of the scene. Finally, the evaluation of the nal algorithm is performed exhaustively from a baseline method, whose descriptor grows depending on the best results so far on a publicly available dataset. Detection results are compared with the state-of-the-art methods, concluding that our method is at the same level of the methods proposed in the literature

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

La Investigación en la UTP y algunos de sus resultados. En las Facultades de Educación, Bellas Artes, Tecnología y Ciencias Empresariales

La Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira a través de la Vicerrectoría de Investigaciones, Innovación y Extensión tiene como propósito “Definir y direccionar los lineamientos para la investigación institucional que fortalezcan los grupos y semilleros de investigación, a través de la formación de investigadores, el desarrollo de programas o proyectos de ciencia, tecnología e innovación, así como la generación de redes y alianzas estratégicas que contribuyan a la creación y apropiación del conocimiento para la sociedad.” Y es por ello que, anualmente se realiza la CONVOCATORIA PARA FOMENTAR LA PUBLICACIÓN DE CAPÍTULOS DE LIBRO RESULTADO DE INVESTIGACIÓN - GRUPOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN, en la cual pueden postular los resultados de los proyectos de investigación finalizados en los últimos cinco años. En esta oportunidad, se publicarán capítulos de cuatro Facultades: Ciencias de la Educación, Bellas Artes y Humanidades, Tecnología y Ciencias Empresariales, en los cuales se darán a conocer los resultados obtenidos en proyectos de investigación realizados por sus grupos en diferentes temáticas.PRÓLOGO............................................................................................................ 5 CAPÍTULO UNO Análisis aerodinámico de vehículo eléctrico transformado / Aerodynamics analysis of transformed electric vehicle .................................................................................................................... 9 Edgar Alonso Salazar Marín Carlos Andrés Mesa Montoya Carlos Mario Montaño Acevedo CAPÍTULO DOS Aprendizaje ontológico a partir de textos en español / Ontology learning from texts in Spanish .............................................................. 31 Manuela Gómez Suta Julián D. Echeverry Correa José A. Soto Mejía CAPÍTULO TRES Disputas por la historia regional. Risaralda imaginada en tres momentos de su historiografía, 1966-2020 / Disputes over regional history. Risaralda imagined in three moments of its historiography, 1966-2020 ............. 51 Jhon Jaime Correa Ramírez Anderson Paul Gil Pérez Edwin Mauricio López García CAPÍTULO CUATRO Prácticas juveniles frente a la televisión y otras pantallas en la educación superior / Youth practices towards television and other screens in higher education................................................................... 73 Leandro Arbey Giraldo Henao Jaime Andrés Ballesteros Luis Fernando Carrillo Holguín CAPITULO CINCO Ser maestro: el sentido de educar / Being a teacher: the sense of educating........ 91 María del Carmen Falcón Tomé Carmen Elisa Vanegas Lotero CAPITULO SEIS Simulación numérica y desarrollo microestructural en aceros avanzados de alta resistencia mecánica usando un proceso innovador de estampado en caliente y partición del carbono / Numerical simulation and microstructural development in advanced high mechanical strength steels using an innovative hot stamping and carbon partitioning process.......... 113 Edwan Anderson Ariza Echeverri Dairo Hernán Mesa Grajales André Paulo Tschiptschi

Historia regional y local. Las ciudades, su historia y su proyección en la región.

El primer tomo comprende treinta trabajos distribuidos el ocho temáticas: arquitectura y urbanismo; espacio urbano y transformación; ciudades históricas y desarrollo sostenible; cultura urbana; ciudad y mujeres; estudio de caso de ciudades; fundación de las primeras villas cubanas y fundación de ciudades cubanas. El segundo tomo agrupa treinta y dos artículos que se desenvuelven en diez temáticas: teoría metodológica e historiográfica; medio ambiente; historia urbana e identidades en el área metropolitana de la Gran Barcelona; Cataluña, historia de un país. Así mismo otras temáticas vinculadas con los estudios regionales y locales: esclavitud, inmigración, defensa, sin dejar de lado los estudios sobre enseñanza de la historia: metodología y enseñanza de la historia e historia de la enseñanza. El tercer tomo contiene 24 artículos organizados en cuatro temas: ecología cultural y transformación del paisaje regional; formación histórica de regiones; familia, redes regionales y conflictos por la tierra; y, por último, las indispensables propuestas metodológicas

Agreement in the assessment of metastatic spine disease using scoring systems

Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

The maternal genetic make-up of the Iberian Peninsula between the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age

Abstract Agriculture first reached the Iberian Peninsula around 5700 BCE. However, little is known about the genetic structure and changes of prehistoric populations in different geographic areas of Iberia. In our study, we focus on the maternal genetic makeup of the Neolithic (~ 5500–3000 BCE), Chalcolithic (~ 3000–2200 BCE) and Early Bronze Age (~ 2200–1500 BCE). We report ancient mitochondrial DNA results of 213 individuals (151 HVS-I sequences) from the northeast, central, southeast and southwest regions and thus on the largest archaeogenetic dataset from the Peninsula to date. Similar to other parts of Europe, we observe a discontinuity between hunter-gatherers and the first farmers of the Neolithic. During the subsequent periods, we detect regional continuity of Early Neolithic lineages across Iberia, however the genetic contribution of hunter-gatherers is generally higher than in other parts of Europe and varies regionally. In contrast to ancient DNA findings from Central Europe, we do not observe a major turnover in the mtDNA record of the Iberian Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age, suggesting that the population history of the Iberian Peninsula is distinct in character

Virological outcome among HIV infected patients transferred from pediatric care to adult units in Madrid, Spain (1997–2017)

The aim of this transversal study was to describe the virological and immunological features of HIV-infected youths transferred from pediatric to adult care units since 1997 vs. the non-transferred patients from the Madrid Cohort of HIV-infected children and adolescents in Spain. We included 106 non-transferred and 184 transferred patients under clinical follow-up in 17 public hospitals in Madrid by the end of December 2017. Virological and immunological outcomes were compared in transferred vs. non-transferred patients. ART drug resistance mutations and HIV-variants were analyzed in all subjects with available resistance pol genotypes and/or genotypic resistance profiles. Among the study cohort, 133 (72.3%) of 184 transferred and 75 (70.7%) of 106 non-transferred patients had available resistance genotypes. Most (88.9%) of transferred had ART experience at sampling. A third (33.3%) had had a triple-class experience. Acquired drug resistance (ADR) prevalence was significantly higher in pretreated transferred than non-transferred patients (71.8% vs. 44%; p = 0.0009), mainly to NRTI (72.8% vs. 31.1%; p < 0.0001) and PI (29.1% vs. 12%; p = 0.0262). HIV-1 non-B variants were less frequent in transferred vs. non-transferred (6.9% vs. 32%; p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the frequent resistant genotypes found in transferred youths justifies the reinforcement of HIV resistance monitoring after the transition to avoid future therapeutic failures

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

© 2020 BJS Society Ltd Published by John Wiley & Sons LtdBackground: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien–Dindo classification system. Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9·2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4–7) and 7 (6–8) days respectively (P < 0·001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6·6 versus 8·0 per cent; P = 0·499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0·90, 95 per cent c.i. 0·55 to 1·46; P = 0·659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34·7 versus 39·5 per cent; major 3·3 versus 3·4 per cent; P = 0·110). Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients