Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease in recently diagnosed celiac disease patients

AIM: To evaluate novel risk factors and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in celiac disease (CD) patients compared with healthy controls.METHODS:Twenty adult patients with recent diagnosis of CD and 20 sex, age and body mass index-matched healthy controls were recruited during a period of 12 mo.Indicators of carbohydrate metabolism, hematological parameters and high sensitive C reactive protein were determined. Moreover, lipoprotein metabolism was also explored through evaluation of the lipid profile and the activity of cholesteryl ester transfer protein and lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2, which is also considered a specific marker of vascular inflammation. The protocol was approved by the Ethic Committee from School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires and from Buenos Aires Italian Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.RESULTS: Regarding the indicators of insulin resistance, CD patients showed higher plasma insulin levels [7.2 (5.0-11.3) mU/L vs 4.6 (2.6-6.7) mU/L, P < 0.05], increased Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance [1.45 (1.04-2.24) vs 1.00 (0.51-1.45), P < 0.05] and lower Quantitative Sensitive Check index [0.33 (0.28-0.40) vs 0.42 (0.34-0.65), P < 0.05] indexes. Folic acid concentration [5.4 (4.4-7.9) ng/mL vs 12.2 (8.0-14.2) ng/mL, P < 0.01] resulted to be lower and High-sensitivity C reactive protein levels higher (4.21 ± 6.47 mg/L vs 0.98 ± 1.13 mg/L, P < 0.01) in the patient group. With respect to the lipoprotein profile, CD patients showed lower high density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C) (45 ± 15 mg/dL vs 57 ± 17 mg/dL, P < 0.05) and apo A-I (130 ± 31 mg/dL vs 155 ± 29 mg/ dL, P < 0.05) levels, as well as higher total cholesterol/ HDL-C [4.19 (3.11-5.00) vs 3.52 (2.84-4.08), P < 0.05] and apo B/apo A-I (0.75 ± 0.25 vs 0.55 ± 0.16, P < 0.05) ratios in comparison with control subjects. No statistically significant differences were detectedin lipoprotein-associated lipid transfer protein and enzymes.CONCLUSION: The presence and interaction of the detected alterations in patients with CD, would constitute a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Fil: Tetzlaff, Walter Francisco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Meroño, Tomás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Menafra, Martín. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Martin, Maximiliano. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Botta, Eliana Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Matoso, María Dolores. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Sorroche, Patricia Beatriz. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: De Paula, Juan A. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Boero, Laura Estela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Brites, Fernando Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentin

Is there a compact companion orbiting the late O-type binary star HD 164816?

We present a multi-wavelength (X-ray, $\gamma$-ray, optical and radio) study of HD 194816, a late O-type X-ray detected spectroscopic binary. X-ray spectra are analyzed and the X-ray photon arrival times are checked for pulsation. In addition, newly obtained optical spectroscopic monitoring data on HD 164816 are presented. They are complemented by available radio data from several large scale surveys as well as the \emph{FERMI} $\gamma$-ray data from its \emph{Large Area Telescope}. We report the detection of a low energy excess in the X-ray spectrum that can be described by a simple absorbed blackbody model with a temperature of $\sim$ 50 eV as well as a 9.78 s pulsation of the X-ray source. The soft X-ray excess, the X-ray pulsation, and the kinematical age would all be consistent with a compact object like a neutron star as companion to HD 164816. The size of the soft X-ray excess emitting area is consistent with a circular region with a radius of about 7 km, typical for neutron stars, while the emission measure of the remaining harder emission is typical for late O-type single or binary stars. If HD 164816 includes a neutron star born in a supernova, this supernova should have been very recent and should have given the system a kick, which is consistent with the observation that the star HD 164816 has a significantly different radial velocity than the cluster mean. In addition we confirm the binarity of HD 164816 itself by obtaining an orbital period of 3.82 d, projected masses $m_1 {\rm sin}^{3} i$ = 2.355(69) M$_\odot$, $m_2 {\rm sin}^{3} i$ = 2.103(62) M$_\odot$ apparently seen at low inclination angle, determined from high-resolution optical spectra.Comment: Accepted for publication by MNRAS, 11 pages, 6 figures, 4 table

Transit timing variation and activity in the WASP-10 planetary system

Transit timing analysis may be an effective method of discovering additional bodies in extrasolar systems which harbour transiting exoplanets. The deviations from the Keplerian motion, caused by mutual gravitational interactions between planets, are expected to generate transit timing variations of transiting exoplanets. In 2009 we collected 9 light curves of 8 transits of the exoplanet WASP-10b. Combining these data with published ones, we found that transit timing cannot be explained by a constant period but by a periodic variation. Simplified three-body models which reproduce the observed variations of timing residuals were identified by numerical simulations. We found that the configuration with an additional planet of mass of $\sim$0.1 $M_{\rm{J}}$ and orbital period of $\sim$5.23 d, located close to the outer 5:3 mean motion resonance, is the most likely scenario. If the second planet is a transiter, the estimated flux drop will be $\sim$0.3 per cent and can be observable with a ground-based telescope. Moreover, we present evidence that the spots on the stellar surface and rotation of the star affect the radial velocity curve giving rise to spurious eccentricity of the orbit of the first planet. We argue that the orbit of WASP-10b is essentially circular. Using the gyrochronology method, the host star was found to be $270 \pm 80$ Myr old. This young age can explain the large radius reported for WASP-10b.Comment: MNRAS accepte

Modeling the isotopic evolution of snowpack and snowmelt : Testing a spatially distributed parsimonious approach

This work was funded by the NERC/JPI SIWA project (NE/M019896/1) and the European Research Council ERC (project GA 335910 VeWa). The Krycklan part of this study was supported by grants from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Branch-points), Swedish Research Council (SITES), SKB and Kempe foundation. The data and model code is available upon request. Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. We would like to thank the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Lp-PLA2 Activity During Iron Depletion Treatment in Primary IO Patients

Background: Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an inflammatory biomarker involved in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Iron stores may modify Lp-PLA2 as higher activity levels wereobserved in patients with primary iron overload (IO).Aim: to evaluate the changes of Lp-PLA2 activity and other atherosclerosis markers in patients with primary IO after iron depletion.Materials and Methods:The study initially included 20 male patients with primary IO, defined by liver histology,from which 7 were lost during follow-up and 13 completed the study (mean follow-up duration: 24±6 months).Phlebotomy treatment consisted in the removal of 1 unit of blood weekly or biweekly. We recorded traditional cardiovascular risk factors, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and Lp-PLA2 activity. Longitudinal differences were tested by paired T or Wilcoxon tests. Linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between changes in ferritin and in Lp-PLA2.Results: HFE mutations were present in 77% of the patients. Besides ferritin concentration (-74%), ALT (-11%) and Lp-PLA2 activities (-14%) were reduced after iron depletion (all p<0.05). Linear regression showed that changes in ferritin levels explained a 60% of the variability in the changes of Lp-PLA2 activity (B=0.80, p=0.008, R2 = 0.60).Conclusions: Treatment by phlebotomy significantly reduced the levels of Lp-PLA2 activity besides its expected effects in liver markers. The implications of iron depletion for the reduction of CVD risk remain to be studied.Fil: Tetzlaff, Walter Francisco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Martín, Maximiliano Emmanuel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Botta, Eliana Elizabeth. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Saez, María Soledad. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Ferraro, Maria Florencia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Boero, Laura Estela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Sorroche, Patricia B. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Arbelbide, Jorge. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Brites, Fernando Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Meroño, Tomás. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentin

Lp-PLA2 Activity During Iron Depletion Treatment in Primary IO Patients

Background: Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an inflammatory biomarker involved in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Iron stores may modify Lp-PLA2 as higher activity levels wereobserved in patients with primary iron overload (IO).Aim: to evaluate the changes of Lp-PLA2 activity and other atherosclerosis markers in patients with primary IO after iron depletion.Materials and Methods:The study initially included 20 male patients with primary IO, defined by liver histology,from which 7 were lost during follow-up and 13 completed the study (mean follow-up duration: 24±6 months).Phlebotomy treatment consisted in the removal of 1 unit of blood weekly or biweekly. We recorded traditional cardiovascular risk factors, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and Lp-PLA2 activity. Longitudinal differences were tested by paired T or Wilcoxon tests. Linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between changes in ferritin and in Lp-PLA2.Results: HFE mutations were present in 77% of the patients. Besides ferritin concentration (-74%), ALT (-11%) and Lp-PLA2 activities (-14%) were reduced after iron depletion (all p<0.05). Linear regression showed that changes in ferritin levels explained a 60% of the variability in the changes of Lp-PLA2 activity (B=0.80, p=0.008, R2 = 0.60).Conclusions: Treatment by phlebotomy significantly reduced the levels of Lp-PLA2 activity besides its expected effects in liver markers. The implications of iron depletion for the reduction of CVD risk remain to be studied.Fil: Tetzlaff, Walter Francisco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Martín, Maximiliano Emmanuel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Botta, Eliana Elizabeth. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Saez, María Soledad. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Ferraro, Maria Florencia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Boero, Laura Estela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Sorroche, Patricia B. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Arbelbide, Jorge. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Brites, Fernando Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Meroño, Tomás. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentin

Conditioning Factors for High Cardiovascular Risk in Patients with Cushing's Syndrome

Objective: To characterize the alterations in carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism, to evaluate markers of lipoprotein functionality, and to identify the presence of novel atherogenic risk factors in patients with Cushing syndrome (CS) in comparison with sex- and age-matched controls. Methods: In an open, cross-sectional study, 32 nontreated patients with active CS were consecutively recruited from the Endocrinology Service at “José de San Martín” Clinical Hospital, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina, between April 11, 2010 and December 11, 2012. The patients were compared with sex- and age-matched controls. Results: Versus controls, patients with CS presented with excess weight, central obesity, and hypercortisolism. They also exhibited an insulin-resistant state, with high resistin levels (median [interquartile range], 16 [10 to 22] ng/mL versus 6 [5 to 9] ng/mL; P<.0001), a more atherogenic lipoprotein profile, high oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels (oxLDL; mean ± SD, 100 ± 31 U/L versus 75 ± 32 U/L; P<.05) and high sensitive C-reactive protein levels (median [interquartile range], 1.2 [0.6 to 3.1] mg/L versus 0.6 [0.3 to 1.1] mg/L; P<.05), and increased leukocyte count (mean ± SD, 9.5 ± 2.6 × 103 cells/μL versus 6.5 ± 1.4 × 103 cells/μL; P<.0001). Multivariate analyses showed that the increase in waist circumference was associated with both the diagnosis of CS and the degree of insulin resistance. Resistin concentration was related to a greater extent to the diagnosis of CS than to homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance. Triglyceride and oxLDL levels were only significantly associated with the diagnosis of CS. Conclusion: Hypercortisolism is related to the increase observed in triglycerides and oxLDL levels, and, in combination with insulin resistance, acts to increase waist circumference and amplify the inflammatory process, key factors for the development of cardiovascular disease.Fil: Boero, Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Manavela, Marcos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Botta, Eliana Elizabeth. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mallea Gil, Maria Susana. Ministerio de Defensa. Ejército Argentino. Hospital Militar Central Cirujano Mayor ; ArgentinaFil: Katz, Débora. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; ArgentinaFil: Meroño, Tomás. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Tetzlaff, Walter Francisco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Martin, Maximiliano Emanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Gomez Rosso, Leonardo Adrián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Danilowicz, Karina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Brites, Fernando Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Leukocyte telomere length is associated with iron overload in male adults with hereditary hemochromatosis

Background: Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a primary iron overload (IO) condition. Absolute telomere length (ATL) is a marker of cellular aging and DNA damage associated with chronic diseases and mortality. Aim: To evaluate the relationship between ATL and IO in patients with HH. Methods: Cross-sectional study including 25 patients with HH: 8 with IO and 17 without IO (ferritin 18 years, male sex and HH diagnosis. Patients with diabetes or other endocrine and autoimmune diseases were excluded. ATL was measured by real-time PCR. Results: HH patients with IO were older (P<0.001) and showed higher ferritin concentration (P<0.001). Patients with HH, disregarding the iron status, showed higher glucose and body mass index (BMI) than controls (both P<0.01). ATL was shorter in patients with IO than controls [with IO: 8 (6-14), without IO: 13 (9-20), and controls: 19 (15-25) kilobase pairs, P<0.01]; with a linear trend within groups (P for trend <0.01). Differences in ATL remained statistically significant after adjusting by age, BMI and glucose (P<0.05). Discussion: Patients with IO featured shorter ATL while patients without IO showed only mild alterations vs. controls. Screening for IO is encouraged to prevent iron-associated cellular damage and early telomere attrition.Fil: Martín, Maximilino. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Millán, Andrea Liliana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; ArgentinaFil: Ferraro, Florencia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Tetzlaff, Walter Francisco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Botta, Eliana Elizabeth. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Marcelo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Boero, Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Rey, Jorge. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Daruich, Jorge. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Frechtel, Gustavo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Merono, Tomas. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Cerrone, Gloria Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Brites, Fernando Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Actividades de CETP y Lp-PLA2 en niños y adolescentes clasificados en base al indicador de resistencia insulínica TG/C-HDL

Introducción: la obesidad infantil y sus complicaciones asociadas, como la resistencia insulínica (RI), se encuentran en aumento. Un índice de triglicéridos (TG) sobre colesterol de lipoproteínas de alta densidad (C-HDL) ≥3,0 ha sido propuesto como marcador de RI. La RI se asocia a alteraciones en enzimas y proteínas asociadas a lipoproteínas como la proteína transportadora de colesterol esterificado (CETP), la fosfolipasa A2 asociada a lipoproteínas (Lp-PLA2) y la paraoxonasa 1 (PON1). Objetivo: explorar la asociación entre el índice TG/C-HDL y la actividad de estas enzimas. Materiales y métodos: se reclutaron niños y adolescentes de 7 a 14 años de edad en Balcarce. Se cuantificaron peso, altura, IMC, glucosa, TG, colesterol total (CT), colesterol de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (C-LDL), C-HDL y las actividades de CETP, Lp-PLA2 y PON 1. Resultados: CETP correlacionó con TG (r=0,53; p<0,01), CT (r=0,38; p<0,01), C-HDL (r=-0,45; p<0,01), C-LDL (r=0,59; p<0,01), TG/C-HDL (r= 0,60; p < 0,01), y Lp-PLA2 (r = 0,26; p < 0,05). Lp-PLA2 correlacionó con TG (r=0,15; p<0,05), CT (r= 0,52; p<0,01), C-LDL (r=0,53; p<0,01) y TG/C-HDL (r=0,16; p<0,05). El análisis de regresión lineal múltiplemostró al índice TG/C-HDL como un predictor de CETP (r2=0,29; beta=0,49; p<0,01) y Lp-PLA2 (r2=0,21; beta=0,32; p<0,05). Veinticinco niños y adolescentes presentaron un índice TG/C-HDL≥3,0 y mayores valores de TG [164 (126-186) vs. 65 (48-72)mg/dl; p<0,01], CETP [250 (232-263) vs. 223 (193-237)%/ml.min; p<0,01] y Lp-PLA2 (4,5±1.9 vs. 3,5±1,3; p<0,05) junto con menor concentración de C-HDL [41 (37-49) vs. 52 (48-62)mg/dl; p<0,01] comparados con niños y adolescentes con TG/C-HDL<3,0 pareados por edad.Conclusión: los niños y adolescentes con TG/C-HDL≥3,0 presentaron un perfil más aterogénico y mayores actividades de CETP y Lp-PLA2.Introduction: in the last decades, a worldwide increase in childhood obesity and its associated complications, like insulin resistance, has been observed. Triglyceride (TG) above high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) index ≥3.0 has been proposed as an accessible marker of insulin resistance (IR). IR is associated with many alterations of lipoprotein-associated enzymes such as cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1). Objective: to explore the association between TG/C-HDL index and the activity of these enzymes. Children and adolescents (7-14 years old) were recruited from the city of Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), glucose, TG, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-C plus CETP, Lp-PLA2 and PON 1 activities were determined. CETP correlated with TG (r=0,53; p<0,01), TC (r=0,38; p<0,01), HDL-C (r=- 0,45; p<0,01), LDL-C (r=0,59; p<0,01), TG/HDL-C (r=0,60; p<0,01), and Lp-PLA2 activity (r=0,26; p<0,05). Lp-PLA2 correlated with TG (r=0,15; p<0,05), TC (r=0,52; p<0,01), LDL-C (r=0,53; p<0,01), and TG/HDL-C (r=0,16; p<0,05). Multiple lineal regression analyses showed TG/HDL-C index as an independent predictor of CETP (r2=0,29; beta=0,49; p<0,01) and Lp-PLA2 (r2=0,21; beta=0,32; p<0,05) activities. Twenty five children and adolescents presented TG/HDL-C≥3,0. These children and adolescents exhibited higher TG levels [164 (126-186) vs. 65 (48-72) mg/dl; p<0,01] and increased CETP [250 (232-263) vs. 223 (193-237)%/ml.min; p<0,01] and Lp-PLA2 (4,5±1.9 vs. 3,5±1,3; p<0,05) activities together with lower HDL-C [41 (37-49) vs. 52 (48-62) mg/dl; p<0,01] concentration compared to age-matched children and adolescents who presented TG/HDL-C<3,0. Children and adolescents with TG/HDL-C≥3,0 presented a more atherogenic lipid profile and higher CETP and Lp-PLA2 activities, which would be indicative of lipoprotein metabolism alterations.Fil: Martin, Maximiliano Emanuel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Verona, Julián. Hospital Municipal de Balcarce "Dr. Felipe A. Fossatti"; ArgentinaFil: Gilligan, Lisandro. Hospital Municipal de Balcarce "Dr. Felipe A. Fossatti"; ArgentinaFil: Verona, María Florencia. Hospital Municipal de Balcarce "Dr. Felipe A. Fossatti"; ArgentinaFil: Botta, Eliana Elizabeth. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Tetzlaff, Walter Francisco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Meroño, Tomás. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Boero, Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Brites, Fernando Daniel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentin

Identifying birth places of young isolated neutron stars

Young isolated radio-quiet neutron stars are still hot enough to be detectable at X-ray and optical wavelengths due to their thermal emission and can hence probe cooling curves. An identification of their birth sites can constrain their age. For that reason we try to identify the parent associations for four of the so-called Magnificent Seven neutron stars for which proper motion and distance estimates are available. We are tracing back in time each neutron star and possible birth association centre to find close encounters. The associated time of the encounter expresses the kinematic age of the neutron star which can be compared to its characteristic spin-down age. Owing to observational uncertainties in the input data, we use Monte-Carlo simulations and evaluate the outcome of our calculations statistically. RX J1856.5-3754 most probably originated from the Upper Scorpius association about 0.3 Myr ago. RX 0720.4-3125 was either born in the young local association TWA about 0.4 Myr ago or in Tr 10 0.5 Myr in the past. Also RX J1605.3+3249 and RBS 1223 seem to come from a nearby young association such as the Sco-Cen complex or the extended Corona-Australis association. For RBS 1223 also a birth in Sct OB2 is possible. We also give constraints on the observables as well as on the radial velocity of the neutron star. Given the birth association, its age and the flight time of the neutron star, we estimate the mass of the progenitor star. Some of the potential supernovae were located very nearby (<100pc) and thus should have contributed to the 10Be and 60Fe material found in the Earth's crust. In addition we reinvestigate the previously suggested neutron star/ runaway pair PSR B1929+10/ zeta Ophiuchi and conclude that it is very likely that both objects were ejected during the same supernova event.Comment: 14 figures, 13 table