Фотодинамическая терапия: физические основы, проблематика

У роботі проведено аналіз одного з найперспективніших методів лікування онкологічних захворювань – фотодинамічної терапії (ФДТ) та основні фізичних особливостей процесу. Підкреслюється, що головним фактором, який впливає на знищення злоякісних новоутворень, є синглетний кисень.The photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the most perspective methods of oncologic diseases treatment. This paper contains an analysis of PDT-method and its basic physical features. It’s emphasized the oxygen is a main factor affected on malignant tumor destruction.В работе проведен анализ одного из наиболее перспективных методов лечения онкологических заболеваний – фотодинамической терапии (ФДТ) и основных физических особенностей процесса. Подчеркивается, что главным фактором, который влияет на уничтожение злокачественных новообразований, является кислород

History as a frame of a dialogue within the logic of postmodernity

This work is devoted to historical consideration of postmodern, or consideration of postmodern as the specifically historical phenomena. Claiming that the postmodern can be considered as a specific historical phenomenon, we state: a) certain uniqueness of this phenomenon, existence of special "logic" of postmodern; b) some limitation, situation nature of this logic, and, possibility of a certain bigger historical context. At the same time we also can't do without mentioning special "situation of postmodern". As an example of special postmodern logic (thesis "a") it is possible to name the thought form described by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari in work "Capitalism and schizophrenia", most accurately formulated in introduction to the second volume which is called "Rhizome" [10]. Also the logic named by Vladimir Bibler in "Dialogique" [8] and Anatoly Akhutin "Archeo-logics" [6][7] will be an example. (The thesis) the society described in Jean Bodrillara (Baudrillard J.,1983) and Siegmund Bauman's works [2][3][4] can be an example of "a postmodern situation". It is obvious that it is not the same because, according to Derrida, "the same isn't the same". "Situation" of a real is also and theoretical one. We should return to this in-identity forming a gap. The postmodern, in both allocated measurements has, therefore, a) its specifics as a unique event; b) it is built-in and implanted in historical process and can be considered as one of the uniform logical chain links

АКТУАЛЬНІСТЬ І ВИСОКИЙ СТАТУС ДУХОВНОСВІТСЬКОЇ ОСВІТИ В РАКУРСІ МОРАЛЬНОГО ВИХОВАННЯ НА ПРИКЛАДІ ХГЕВУ (Actuality and High Status Spiritually-Secular Educations in Foreshortening of Moral Education on the Example of HGEU)

У статті висвітлено питання, пов’язані з актуальністю й високим статусом духовно-світської освіти. Стаття містить порівняльний аналіз і правове обґрунтування таких форм освіти як неформальна, суспільна та самоосвіта, зокрема, духовносвітська освіта. Прикладом є діяльність, історія і вклад у духовно-світську освіту Християнського гуманітарно-економічного відкритого університету (In the article light up questions, related to actuality and high status of spiritual-seсular education.The article contains a comparative analysis and legal ground of such forms of education as informal, public and self-education, in particular, spiritual-secular education.As an example presented activity, history and contribution to spiritual-secular formation of the Christian humanitarian-economic Opened University

Фотосенсибилизаторы для фотодинамической терапии: аналитический обзор

У роботі проведено аналітичний огляд сучасних фотосенсибілізаторів (ФС) для фотодинамічної терапії (ФДТ). Розглянуто основні параметри ФС, в тому числі такі аспекти, як фотоефективність та пухлиноспецифічність ФС. Підкреслено, що головним фактором, який впливає на знищення злоякісних новоутворень є синглетний кисень, але при цьому необхідно звертати увагу на специфіку дії кожного фотосенсибілізатору (ФС) та його гістоспецифічність.The article contains an analytical review of modern photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The basic parameters and characteristics of photosensitizers including its photonic efficacy and specificity for tumor destruction are observed and discussed. It’s emphasized the singlet oxygen is a main factor affected on malignant tumor destruction. Additionally it is necessary to concentrate attention on photosensitizer’s operating peculiarity and its histological specificity.В роботе проведен аналитический обзор современных фотосенсибилизаторов (ФС) для фотодинамической терапии (ФДТ). Рассмотрены основные параметры ФС, в том числе такие аспекты как фотоэфективность и опухолеспецифичность ФС. Основным фактором, который влияет на уничтожение злокачественных новообразований является синглетный кислород, но при этом необходимо обращать внимание на специфику действия каждого фотосенсибилизатора (ФС) и его гистоспецифичность

Алгоритмично-аппаратная реализация процесса фотодинамической терапии

В роботі розглянуто алгоритм процесу фотодинамічної терапії (ФДТ) та можливі шляхи його апаратної реалізації. Підкреслюється, що найбільш критичним є моделювання процесу ФДТ з урахуванням властивостей біотканин, характеристик фотосенсибілізатора та параметрів систем доставки випромінювання до біотканин різноманітної локалізації.Authors have considered the Photodynamic Therapy process algorithm and feasible methods for its apparatus realization. It is emphasised (underlined) the most important aspect is a PDT-process modelling with consideration of the tissue and photosensitizer characteristics, parameters of the light delivery systems for different localised tissues. The modelling makes possibility to optimise the PDT clinical parameters including the intraoperative monitoring data.В роботе рассмотрен алгоритм процесса фотодинамической терапии (ФДТ) и возможные пути его аппаратной реализации. Подчеркивается, что наиболее критичным является моделирование процесса ФДТ с учетом свойств биотканей, характеристик фотосенсибилизатора и параметров систем доставки излучения к биотканям различной локализации. Моделирование дает возможность оптимизировать клинические параметры процеса ФДТ с учетом данных интраоперативного мониторинга

DETECTION OF THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSCRANIAL ELECTROSTIMULATION ON THE STESS RESISTANCE OF STUDENTS BY THE TEST OF T. HOLMES AND R. RAHE

Aim. The study was designed to establish the influence of transcranial electrostimulation on the stress tolerance of students by the method of T. Holmes and R. Rahe.Materials and methods.The observations were made on 127 students aged 19-22. They were 50 boys and 77 girls. The students were divided into the main group (78 people) and the comparison group (49 people). Transcranial electrostimulation was carried out for the students of the main group: 2 sessions per week and 5 sessions per week. Stress resistance was assessed by the test of stress resistance and social adaptation of T. Holmes and R. Rahe before the course of transcranial electrostimulation and after it. The level of stress resistance was determined in the comparison group within the same time frame. Transcranial electrostimulation (TES) was performed by the “Transair-03” apparatus on the testees in the sitting position. The value of the pulse current of 3 mA, frequency 7.5 Hz was used. The exposure time was 30 minutes. The results of the study were processed with the help of the “Statistika 6.0” computer program. Results. At the end of the school year, students had low, threshold and high levels of stress resistance. These levels of resistance to stress remained in those individuals who did not undergo transcranial electrostimulation, and also in students who had 2 transcranial electrostimulation sessions per week. After 5 sessions of transcranial electrostimulation per week, students had a threshold and high levels of stress resistance; there was no low level. After 5 sessions of transcranial electrostimulation the total number of points in students with a threshold level of stress resistance statistically decreased by 11,0% in comparison with the initial result. The total number of points after transcranial electrostimulation in students with a high level of stress resistance statistically decreased by 8,4%. Conclusion. The results indicate an increase in the level of students' stress tolerance and the effectiveness of transcranial therapy for at least 5 sessions per week

PLASMA Th1/Th2/Th17 CYTOKINE PROFILE AND CYTOKINE GENE POLYMORPHISMS (IL12B, IL13, IL31, IL33) IN ASTHMATIC CHILDREN: A MAGNETIC MULTIPLEX ASSAY

The study of the bronchial asthma pathogenesis is an urgent problem due to its high prevalence and often developing uncontrolled severe ashma, including in childhood. The first signs of asthma development tend to occur in childhood, which causes deterioration in the patient’s quality of life and early disability. Since BA is a genetically mediated process, the severity of the disease is assumed to depend on the presence of a specific allelic variant in the mediator (e.g. cytokines) genes involved in the BA pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to search for immunogenetic markers of severe asthma in Slavs children living in Krasnoyarsk city. The quantitative indicators of the Th1/Th2/Th17-cytokine profile in children with bronchial asthma (BA) with varying disease severity, depending on the polymorphism of cytokine genes, using the method of multiplex analysis (xMAP), were first determined. Changes in the cytokine background in BA patients fit into the concept that a percentage of neutrophilic endotype, which performs its functions through Th1 and Th17-lymphocytes in severe asthma, increases. In addition, the cytokine profile data depending on concomitant acute respiratory infections were obtained. There was an imbalance when analyzing the cytokine plasma level, with a tendency to maintain the protective functions of the immune system among patients in remission. Distribution of cytokine genes was obtained: allelic variants of IL12B rs321220*G, IL13 rs1800925*C, IL31 rs7977932*C and IL33 rs7044343*T are the most common in the population sampling from Krasnoyarsk. The probability of the genotype association of cytokine genes (IL12B, IL13, IL31, IL33) with the state of the immune system in bronchial asthma with varying disease severity in children was studied: a significant association of the TT genotype IL12B rs3212220 with a low concentration of IL-12B was presented. Our data obtained can be used along with the previously obtained immunogenetic markers of severe and uncontrolled asthma in children for patient-specific prognosis of the disease nature

Comparison of large-angle production of charged pions with incident protons on cylindrical long and short targets

The HARP collaboration has presented measurements of the double-differential pi+/pi- production cross-section in the range of momentum 100 MeV/c <= p 800 MeV/c and angle 0.35 rad <= theta <= 2.15 rad with proton beams hitting thin nuclear targets. In many applications the extrapolation to long targets is necessary. In this paper the analysis of data taken with long (one interaction length) solid cylindrical targets made of carbon, tantalum and lead is presented. The data were taken with the large acceptance HARP detector in the T9 beam line of the CERN PS. The secondary pions were produced by beams of protons with momenta 5 GeV/c, 8 GeV/c and 12 GeV/c. The tracking and identification of the produced particles were performed using a small-radius cylindrical time projection chamber (TPC) placed inside a solenoidal magnet. Incident protons were identified by an elaborate system of beam detectors. Results are obtained for the double-differential yields per target nucleon d2 sigma / dp dtheta. The measurements are compared with predictions of the MARS and GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulations.Comment: 43 pages, 20 figure

Forward production of charged pions with incident π±\pi^{\pm} on nuclear targets measured at the CERN PS

Measurements of the double-differential $\pi^{\pm}$ production cross-section in the range of momentum 0.5 \GeVc \leq p \le 8.0 \GeVc and angle 0.025 \rad \leq \theta \le 0.25 \rad in interactions of charged pions on beryllium, carbon, aluminium, copper, tin, tantalum and lead are presented. These data represent the first experimental campaign to systematically measure forward pion hadroproduction. The data were taken with the large acceptance HARP detector in the T9 beam line of the CERN PS. Incident particles, impinging on a 5% nuclear interaction length target, were identified by an elaborate system of beam detectors. The tracking and identification of the produced particles was performed using the forward spectrometer of the HARP detector. Results are obtained for the double-differential cross-sections ${{\mathrm{d}^2 \sigma}}/{{\mathrm{d}p\mathrm{d}\Omega}}$ mainly at four incident pion beam momenta (3 \GeVc, 5 \GeVc, 8 \GeVc and 12 \GeVc). The measurements are compared with the GEANT4 and MARS Monte Carlo simulationComment: to be published on Nuclear Physics