Estudo com os alunos, docentes e não docentes, no ensino básico

Dissertação de Mestrado em Promoção e Educação para a Saúde apresentada na Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Viana do CasteloApesar da actividade física se apresentar como estratégia de primeira linha para a promoção da saúde, o aumento do sedentarismo é evidente. Formas de transporte activo para a escola (a pé ou bicicleta) têm vindo a desaparecer, e com elas as oportunidades de crianças activas e independentes. Este estudo procura perceber qual a realidade relativamente ao tipo de deslocação que crianças e adultos (docentes e não docentes) utilizam no percurso diário realizado entre casa-escola; que relação existe entre o tipo de deslocação e a distância, o ciclo de ensino, o meio (urbano/rural), e o estatuto socioeconómico. A amostra foi composta por 1981 indivíduos, sendo 1699 alunos do 4.º ao 9.º ano de escolaridade (870 rapazes; 829 raparigas) e, 282 adultos, dos quais 197 são docentes (154 mulheres; 43 homens) e 85 são pessoal não docente (73 mulheres; 12 homens), pertencentes a dois Agrupamentos de Escolas, um situado em Viana do Castelo e outro em Ponte de Lima. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário onde era pedido que fosse identificada a forma como cada indivíduo se havia deslocado para e da escola durante cada dia da semana. A distância casa-escola em linha recta foi medida através das coordenadas geodésicas dos dois pontos. Na totalidade das crianças inquiridas, apenas 17% (ida) e 27% (volta) dos trajectos da semana são cumpridos de forma activa. Estas percentagens sobem para 47% e 62% quando seleccionamos apenas crianças que vivem num raio de mil metros da escola. Nestas, foram encontradas associações estatisticamente significativas entre o tipo de deslocamento e as variáveis género, idade, ciclos de ensino, escola, escalão escolar e distância casa-escola. Os alunos das escolas da cidade de Viana do Castelo utilizam um deslocamento mais activo (a pé) do que os alunos das escolas da vila de Ponte de Lima, e estes deslocam-se em maior percentagem de autocarro escolar e transportes públicos. À medida que aumenta a idade aumenta a utilização de deslocamentos activos. As condições socioeconómicas das famílias diferenciam o tipo de deslocamento e a independência de mobilidade demonstrada pelos alunos. Relativamente aos adultos (docentes e não docentes), apenas 12%(ida) e 13% volta) dos trajectos da semana são realizados de forma activa. Foram encontradas diferenças entre docentes e não docentes no tipo de deslocamento e as variáveis idade e distância casa-escola. Mais de metade dos trajectos realizados pelos adultos, são de automóvel para a escola e à saída desta, e sem qualquer tipo de companhia. Os não docentes deslocam-se mais a pé e utilizam mais os transportes públicos do que os docentes. Os indivíduos docentes e não docentes mais novos são os que se deslocam mais de automóvel para a escola e à saída desta, e mais frequentemente sozinhos. Os que vivem mais próximo da escola deslocam-se mais a pé, e à medida que aumenta esta distância diminui esta percentagem, aumentando a percentagem de utilização do automóvel para a escola e à saída da mesma.Although physical exercise is presented as a primary strategy in the promotion of health, the increase of sedentarism among the general population is evident. Active means of transportation to school (on foot or by bicycle) have been decreasing and almost disappearing resulting on less active and independent children. The aim of this work is to understand children’s and adults’ use of transportation to school; what is the relation between the home distance, school grade, the socioeconomic status, and urban/rural environment and the means of transport used. The sample was constituted by 1981 individuals from which 1699 4th to 9th grade students (870 boys, 829 girls) and 282 adults (197 teachers and 85 non teaching personnel). All these participants belong to two “Agrupamentos de Escolas” (School clusters), located on Viana do Castelo and Ponte de Lima. The data was collected with a questionnaire where each participant should identify the means of transportation to and from school during each day of the week. The “home-school” distance was measured in a straight line between the geodesic coordinates of those two points. Only 17% (going to school) and 27% (coming from school) of children’s journeys are performed in an active way. These percentages increase to 47% and 62% when selecting only children living in a 1000 meters radius from school. Sex, age, grade, school, school level and home-school distance, proved to be significantly associated with the means of transport of these children. Students from Viana do Castelo use a more active means of transport than students from Ponte de Lima, with the last ones using the school bus and public transportations in a higher percentage. The older the students the higher the use of active means of transport. The socioeconomic status of families also differentiate the means of transport used and the independence of mobility shown by students. As far as adults are concerning (teaching and non teaching personnel) only 12% (going to) and 13% (coming from) of the daily routes were performed actively. Significant differences were found in the means of transport chosen by teachers and non teaching personnel as well as other variables such as age and home-school distance. More than half of the routes performed, either by teachers or non teaching personnel, to and from school, are by car and alone. Non teaching personnel walks or take buses more often than teachers. Younger adults use more often the car as a means of transport, and frequently alone. Those who live closer to school travel more by foot but as the distance grows this percentage decreases, increasing the use of cars to and from school

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Transição demográfica

Este artigo tem por objetivo principal analisar o papel que a dinâmica demográfica poderá exercer sobre a educação da população brasileira nas próximas décadas, com enfoque nas suas tendências e nas oportunidades que dela decorrem. Para atingir este objetivo, comenta-se brevemente alguns aspectos da transição demográfica e aquilo que alguns estudiosos denominam janela de oportunidades. Em seguida, discute-se a evolução da estrutura etária brasileira, a partir da razão de dependência e suas perspectivas, enfatizando o processo de envelhecimento populacional. Posteriormente, aborda-se a evolução das matrículas e do sistema de educação no Brasil, para então discutir algumas perspectivas de desenvolvimento, tendo em vista a escolaridade

Sentidos de prática pedagógica na produção brasileira sobre formação inicial de professores de ciências (2000-2010)

No presente trabalho, pretendemos propor um quadro analítico para caracterizar os sentidos de prática construídos no campo de pesquisa da formação de professores, a partir da análise da produção sobre formação de professores de ciências no Brasil. Nossa investigação ancora-se na perspectiva de que o contexto da pesquisa científica sobre formação de professores constrói significados, os quais são reproduzidos e ressignificados nos cotidianos escolares, nos percursos formativos de professores de ciências e licenciandos, nas concepções de sucesso e fracasso da escola. Nosso trabalho, portanto, tem o potencial de contribuir para compreendermos como são estruturadas visões sobre o professor em formação e sobre sua prática. A partir dos modelos de ação propostos por Jürgen Habermas, desenvolvemos uma análise de como o objeto de estudo prática pedagógica é construído nos textos de artigos publicados em periódicos nacionaisQualis A de educação em ciências no período de 2000-2010. Os resultados de nossas análises indicam que há uma tendência a compreender a prática como ação estratégica direcionada ao mundo dos objetos escolares, seus métodos e seus materiais. A prática como ação comunicativa, a qual se direciona à escola como pertencente, simultaneamente, aos mundos objetivo, dramático e das normas, é sensivelmente presente nos devires da prática pedagógica

Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities

Health-related quality of life in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in the different geographical regions of Brazil : data from the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group

Background: In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management, enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is as important as good metabolic control and prevention of secondary complications. This study aims to evaluate possible regional differences in HRQoL, demographic features and clinical characteristics of patients with T1DM in Brazil, a country of continental proportions, as well as investigate which variables could influence the HRQoL of these individuals and contribute to these regional disparities. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study performed by the Brazilian Type 1 Diabetes Study Group (BrazDiab1SG), by analyzing EuroQol scores from 3005 participants with T1DM, in 28 public clinics, among all geographical regions of Brazil. Data on demography, economic status, chronic complications, glycemic control and lipid profile were also collected. Results: We have found that the North-Northeast region presents a higher index in the assessment of the overall health status (EQ-VAS) compared to the Southeast (74.6 ± 30 and 70.4 ± 19, respectively; p < 0.05). In addition, North- Northeast presented a lower frequency of self-reported anxiety-depression compared to all regions of the country (North-Northeast: 1.53 ± 0.6; Southeast: 1.65 ± 0.7; South: 1.72 ± 0.7; Midwest: 1.67 ± 0.7; p < 0.05). These findings could not be entirely explained by the HbA1c levels or the other variables examined. Conclusions: Our study points to the existence of additional factors not yet evaluated that could be determinant in the HRQoL of people with T1DM and contribute to these regional disparities

Comenta&#769;rios a uma sentenc&#807;a anunciada : o processo Lula

“Comentários a uma sentença: o Caso Lula” é talvez o mais importante documento jurídico publicado no Brasil em décadas. A presente coletânea de artigos nasceu de um movimento espontâneo e bastante significativo de juristas brasileiros e estrangeiros que examinaram cuidadosamente a sentença proferida no âmbito do processo que tramitou na 13ª Vara Federal de Curitiba, no caso que ficou conhecido na mídia como o do “tríplex do Guarujá”. <br>De la presentación de Geraldo Prad

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data