Trigger and Aperture of the Surface Detector Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory consists of 1600 water-Cherenkov detectors, for the study of extensive air showers (EAS) generated by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. We describe the trigger hierarchy, from the identification of candidate showers at the level of a single detector, amongst a large background (mainly random single cosmic ray muons), up to the selection of real events and the rejection of random coincidences. Such trigger makes the surface detector array fully efficient for the detection of EAS with energy above $3\times 10^{18}$ eV, for all zenith angles between 0$^\circ$ and 60$^\circ$, independently of the position of the impact point and of the mass of the primary particle. In these range of energies and angles, the exposure of the surface array can be determined purely on the basis of the geometrical acceptance.Comment: 29 pages, 12 figure

Characterization of a transmission positron/positronium converter for antihydrogen production

none70This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation Ambizione Grant (No. 154833); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; a Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft research grant; an excellence initiative of Heidelberg University; European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program FP7/2007-2013 (Grants Nos. 291242 and 277762); Austrian Ministry for Science, Research, and Economy; Research Council of Norway; Bergen Research Foundation; John Templeton Foundation; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and Russian Academy of Sciences; and the European Social Fund within the framework of realizing the project, in support of intersectoral mobility and quality enhancement of research teams at Czech Technical University in Prague (Grant No. CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0034).Aghion, S.; Amsler, C.; Ariga, T.; Bonomi, G.; Brusa, R. S.; Caccia, M.; Caravita, R.; Castelli, F.; Cerchiari, G.; Comparat, D.; Consolati, G.; Demetrio, A.; Di Noto, L.; Doser, M.; Ereditato, A.; Evans, C.; Ferragut, R.; Fesel, J.; Fontana, A.; Gerber, S.; Giammarchi, M.; Gligorova, A.; Guatieri, F.; Haider, S.; Hinterberger, A.; Holmestad, H.; Kellerbauer, A.; Krasnickã½, D.; Lagomarsino, V.; Lansonneur, P.; Lebrun, P.; Malbrunot, C.; Mariazzi, S.; Matveev, V.; Mazzotta, Z.; Mã¼ller, S. R.; Nebbia, G.; Nedelec, P.; Oberthaler, M.; Pacifico, N.; Pagano, D.; Penasa, L.; Petracek, V.; Povolo, L.; Prelz, F.; Prevedelli, M.; Ravelli, L.; Resch, L.; Rienã¤cker, B.; Robert, J.; Rã¸hne, O. M.; Rotondi, A.; Sacerdoti, M.; Sandaker, H.; Santoro, R.; Scampoli, P.; Simon, M.; Smestad, L.; Sorrentino, F.; Testera, G.; Tietje, I. C.; Widmann, E.; Yzombard, P.; Zimmer, C.; Zmeskal, J.; Zurlo, N.; Andersen, S. L.; Chevallier, J.; Uggerhã¸j, U. I.; Lyckegaard, F.Aghion, S.; Amsler, C.; Ariga, T.; Bonomi, G.; Brusa, R. S.; Caccia, M.; Caravita, R.; Castelli, F.; Cerchiari, G.; Comparat, D.; Consolati, G.; Demetrio, A.; Di Noto, L.; Doser, M.; Ereditato, A.; Evans, C.; Ferragut, R.; Fesel, J.; Fontana, Andrea; Gerber, S.; Giammarchi, M.; Gligorova, A.; Guatieri, F.; Haider, S.; Hinterberger, A.; Holmestad, H.; Kellerbauer, A.; Krasnickã½, D.; Lagomarsino, V.; Lansonneur, P.; Lebrun, P.; Malbrunot, C.; Mariazzi, S.; Matveev, V.; Mazzotta, Z.; Mã¼ller, S. R.; Nebbia, G.; Nedelec, P.; Oberthaler, M.; Pacifico, N.; Pagano, D.; Penasa, L.; Petracek, V.; Povolo, L.; Prelz, F.; Prevedelli, M.; Ravelli, L.; Resch, L.; Rienã¤cker, B.; Robert, J.; Rã¸hne, O. M.; Rotondi, Alberto; Sacerdoti, M.; Sandaker, H.; Santoro, R.; Scampoli, P.; Simon, M.; Smestad, L.; Sorrentino, F.; Testera, G.; Tietje, I. C.; Widmann, E.; Yzombard, P.; Zimmer, C.; Zmeskal, J.; Zurlo, N.; Andersen, S. L.; Chevallier, J.; Uggerhã¸j, U. I.; Lyckegaard, F

Limited clinical relevance of imaging techniques in the follow-up of patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results of a meta-analysis

The clinical value of imaging is well established for the follow-up of many lymphoid malignancies but not for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). A meta-analysis was performed with the dataset of 3 German CLL Study Group phase 3 trials (CLL4, CLL5, and CLL8) that included 1372 patients receiving first-line therapy for CLL. Response as well as progression during follow-up was reassessed according to the National Cancer Institute Working Group1996 criteria. A total of 481 events were counted as progressive disease during treatment or follow-up. Of these, 372 progressions (77%) were detected by clinical symptoms or blood counts. Computed tomography (CT) scans or ultrasound were relevant in 44 and 29 cases (9% and 6%), respectively. The decision for relapse treatment was determined by CT scan or ultrasound results in only 2 of 176 patients (1%). CT scan results had an impact on the prognosis of patients in complete remission only after the administration of conventional chemotherapy but not after chemoimmunotherapy. In conclusion, physical examination and blood count remain the methods of choice for staging and clinical follow-up of patients with CLL as recommended by the International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia 2008 guidelines. These trials are registered at http://www.isrctn.org as ISRCTN 75653261 and ISRCTN 36294212 and at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00281918

Impacto del proyecto PERSECC en la productividad de las MYPES de calzado de la ciudad de Trujillo, 2017

RESUMEN La presente investigación tiene como propósito determinar el impacto del proyecto creado por la Oficina de Proyectos de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación de CITEccal Trujillo, el “Proyecto de Reactivación del Sector Cuero y Calzado” en la productividad de las MYPES del sector calzado en relación con la incidencia que tenga este con el comportamiento de las ventas, producción y demás indicadores de las empresas que aplicaron a PERSECC durante el año 2017, con la finalidad de demostrar la labor del Estado al tomar medidas orientadas a elevar los niveles de competitividad de las empresas en estudio en relación a la reactivación de dicho sector. Para el desarrollo del presente trabajo de investigación, se utilizaron fuentes de información primaria debido a que serán documentos directos que se obtendrán de la oficina de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación de CITEccal Trujillo. Para esto, se tuvo en cuenta el análisis de la documentación de los datos recopilados del registro anual y evolución trimestral de ventas, producción, capacidad instalada, capacidad productiva, inversión en I+D+i, recurso humano, plan de acción del programa PERSECC, los cuales fueron facilitados directamente del área de la oficina de proyectos I+D+i para la realización del proyecto. Luego, se recopilaron los datos a través del análisis documental para ser procesados en tablas y gráficos, en seguida se determinaron las medias usando la Prueba T - Student para datos relacionados (muestras dependientes). Finalmente para medir la relación entre las variables en estudio se calculó el valor de probabilidad estadístico por el cual se rechaza la hipótesis nula y se acepta la hipótesis alternativa. De esta manera, la investigación llega a la conclusión que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores trimestrales de todos los indicadores analizados de las MYPES de calzado de la ciudad de Trujillo anteriores y posteriores de la aplicación del proyecto PERSECC, lo que significa que el proyecto PERSECC incide de manera significativa en la evolución de los indicadores de la productividad de cada una de las empresas del sector Calzado que aplicaron al proyecto. La principal recomendación que se hace al área de Proyectos I+D+i, es que el jefe de Proyectos autorice la continuación de la aplicación anual del Proyecto PERSECC con la finalidad de ampliar la participación de más MYPES, manteniendo un continuo control del registro de la data con respecto a la evaluación y seguimiento de indicadores en la mejora de su productividad y de esta manera, definir mejor el apoyo de la labor que viene realizando el CITEccal Trujillo para el aumento de la competitividad de las empresas del sector calzado. Palabras clave: Proyecto, Soporte Productivo, I+D, Productividad, Mypes (Micro y Pequeñas Empresas), Sector Calzado, Producción Calzado, Comercio Calzado.ABSTRACT The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of the project created by the Research, Development and Innovation Projects Office of CITEccal Trujillo, the "PERSECC" project in the productivity of the MSEs of the footwear sector in relation to the impact that this has with the behavior of sales, production and other indicators of the companies that applied to PERSECC during the year 2017, in order to demonstrate the work of the State to take measures aimed at raising the levels of competitiveness of companies under study in relation to the reactivation of this sector. For the development of this research work, primary information sources were used because they will be direct documents that will be obtained from the Research, Development and Innovation office of CITEccal Trujillo. For this, the analysis of the documentation of the annual record and quarterly evolution of sales, production, installed capacity, productive capacity, investment in R & D & I, human resources, action plan of the PERSECC program was taken account, which were provided directly from the area of the R + D + i project office for the realization of the project. Then, the data was collected through the documentary analysis to be processed in tables and graphs, consequently sample means were determined using the T - Student test for related data (dependent samples). Finally, to measure the relationship between the variables under study, it has been estimated the statistical probability value by which the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted. The main recommendation made to the area of R + D + i Projects, is that the Project Manager continues to authorize the application of the PERSECC Project in the coming years in order to expand the participation of more MYPES, maintaining a continuous control of the registry of the data with respect to the evaluation and monitoring of indicators to improve their productivity and, in this way, better define the support of the work that CITEccal Trujillo has been doing to increase the competitiveness of companies in the footwear sector