On the Coverage of All-Risk Cargo Insurance——Focus on Carrier`s Unauthorized Disposal of Cargo

海洋运输货物一切险（以下简称“海运货物一切险”）在分摊海上货物运输风险方面发挥着重大作用。然而，由于我国海上保险制度的不完善，使得海运货物一切险在应对海上风险，尤其是承运人私自处分货物等外来风险时存在较大不足。本文以承运人私自处分货物风险为中心，剖析我国海运货物一切险承保范围的不足，借鉴英国相关制度的最新发展，结合海运货物一切险承保范围识别标准的法理基础，论证我国海运货物一切险应加强对承运人私自处分货物风险的承保，并提出相应的保险条款完善建议。 本文除了引言和结语外，正文共分四章： 第一章评析我国海运货物一切险承保范围应对承运人私自处分货物风险的现状与不足。由于我国海运货物一切险条款中对“...All-risk cargo insurance plays an important role in sharing the risk of carriage of goods by sea. However, owing to the imperfection of Chinese marine insurance system, there exists great deficiency for all-risk cargo insurance in confronting with marine risks, especially external risks such as carrier's unauthorized disposal of cargos (hereinafter referred to as CUDC). Focusing on the risks of CU...学位：法学硕士院系专业：法学院法律系_民商法学(含劳动法学、社会保障法学)学号：1362008115068

CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

Peer reviewe

Current issues in medically assisted reproduction and genetics in Europe: research, clinical practice, ethics, legal issues and policy. European Society of Human Genetics and European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology.

In March 2005, a group of experts from the European Society of Human Genetics and European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology met to discuss the interface between genetics and assisted reproductive technology (ART), and published an extended background paper, recommendations and two Editorials. Seven years later, in March 2012, a follow-up interdisciplinary workshop was held, involving representatives of both professional societies, including experts from the European Union Eurogentest2 Coordination Action Project. The main goal of this meeting was to discuss developments at the interface between clinical genetics and ARTs. As more genetic causes of reproductive failure are now recognised and an increasing number of patients undergo testing of their genome before conception, either in regular health care or in the context of direct-to-consumer testing, the need for genetic counselling and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) may increase. Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) thus far does not have evidence from randomised clinical trials to substantiate that the technique is both effective and efficient. Whole-genome sequencing may create greater challenges both in the technological and interpretational domains, and requires further reflection about the ethics of genetic testing in ART and PGD/PGS. Diagnostic laboratories should be reporting their results according to internationally accepted accreditation standards (International Standards Organisation - ISO 15189). Further studies are needed in order to address issues related to the impact of ART on epigenetic reprogramming of the early embryo. The legal landscape regarding assisted reproduction is evolving but still remains very heterogeneous and often contradictory. The lack of legal harmonisation and uneven access to infertility treatment and PGD/PGS fosters considerable cross-border reproductive care in Europe and beyond. The aim of this paper is to complement previous publications and provide an update of selected topics that have evolved since 2005

Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy for Acute Lung Injury in Preclinical Animal Models: A Systematic Review

<div><p>The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating clinical condition that is associated with a 30–40% risk of death, and significant long term morbidity for those who survive. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have emerged as a potential novel treatment as in pre-clinical models they have been shown to modulate inflammation (a major pathophysiological hallmark of ARDS) while enhancing bacterial clearance and reducing organ injury and death. A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS and Web of Science was performed to identify pre-clinical studies that examined the efficacy MSCs as compared to diseased controls for the treatment of Acute Lung Injury (ALI) (the pre-clinical correlate of human ARDS) on mortality, a clinically relevant outcome. We assessed study quality and pooled results using random effect meta-analysis. A total of 54 publications met our inclusion criteria of which 17 (21 experiments) reported mortality and were included in the meta-analysis. Treatment with MSCs, as compared to controls, significantly decreased the overall odds of death in animals with ALI (Odds Ratio 0.24, 95% Confidence Interval 0.18–0.34, I² 8%). Efficacy was maintained across different types of animal models and means of ALI induction; MSC origin, source, route of administration and preparation; and the clinical relevance of the model (timing of MSC administration, administration of fluids and or antibiotics). Reporting of standard MSC characterization for experiments that used human MSCs and risks of bias was generally poor, and although not statistically significant, a funnel plot analysis for overall mortality suggested the presence of publication bias. The results from our meta-analysis support that MSCs substantially reduce the odds of death in animal models of ALI but important reporting elements were sub optimal and limit the strength of our conclusions.</p></div

Ventilator-induced lung injury

Mechanical ventilation has become essential for the support of critically ill patients; however, it can cause ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) or aggravate ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI), contributing to the high mortality rates observed in acute respiratory distress syndrome. This chapter discusses the mechanisms leading to VILI/VALI, the diagnostic procedures of early detection and how to prevent it. The clinical relevance of low lung volume injury and the application of high positive end-expiratory pressure levels remain debatable. Furthermore, researchers were not successful in transferring the measurement of inflammatory mediators during VILI/VALI from bench to bedside. Therefore, the following issues still require elucidation: 1) the best ventilator strategy to be adopted; 2) which ventilator parameters should be managed; 3) how to monitor VILI/VALI (arterial blood gases, lung mechanics, proinflammatory mediators); 4) the role of imaging (computed tomography scan, lung ultrasound and positron emission tomography; and 5) how to prevent VILI/VALI (new ventilatory and pharmacological strategies)

Cell-based therapies for the acute respiratory distress syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a multifaceted lung disease with no current effective therapy. Many clinical trials using conventional pharmacologic therapies have failed, suggesting the need to examine alternative approaches. Thus, attention has focused on the therapeutic potential of cell-based therapies for ARDS, with promising results demonstrated in relevant preclinical disease models. We review data concerning the therapeutic promise of cell-based therapies for ARDS. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent experimental studies provide further evidence for the potential of cell-based therapies in ARDS. A number of cell types, particularly mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and embryonic stem cells have been demonstrated to reduce mortality and modulate the inflammatory and remodeling processes in relevant preclinical ARDS models. Multiple insights have emerged in regard to the mechanisms by which cell therapies - particularly MSCs - exert their effects, with evidence supporting direct cell-mediated and paracrine-mediated mechanisms of action. Diverse paracrine mechanisms exist, including the release of cytokines, growth factors (such as keratinocyte growth factor), and antimicrobial peptides, and transfer of cellular contents such as peptides, nucleic acids, and mitochondria via either microvesicular or direct cell-cell contact-mediated transfer. SUMMARY: Cell-based therapies offer considerable promise for the treatment of ARDS. While MSC-based therapies are being rapidly advanced toward clinical testing, clear therapeutic potential exists for other cell types for ARDS. A greater understanding of current knowledge gaps should further enhance the therapeutic potential of cell-based therapies for ARDS