Similar cardiometabolic effects of high- and moderate-intensity training among apparently healthy inactive adults: a randomized clinical trial

Incluye fe de erratasBackground: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease, and exercise training is an important factor in the treatment and prevention of the clinical components of MetS. Objective: The aim was to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training and steady-state moderate-intensity training on clinical components of MetS in healthy physically inactive adults. Methods: Twenty adults were randomly allocated to receive either moderate-intensity continuous training [MCT group; 60–80% heart rate reserve (HRR)] or high-intensity interval training (HIT group; 4 × 4 min at 85–95% peak HRR interspersed with 4 min of active rest at 65% peak HRR). We used the revised International Diabetes Federation criteria for MetS. A MetS Z-score was calculated for each individual and each component of the MetS. Results: In intent-to-treat analyses, the changes in MetS Z-score were 1.546 (1.575) in the MCT group and −1.249 (1.629) in the HIT group (between-groups difference, P = 0.001). The average number of cardiometabolic risk factors changed in the MCT group (−0.133, P = 0.040) but not in the HIT group (0.018, P = 0.294), with no difference between groups (P = 0.277). Conclusion: Among apparently healthy physically inactive adults, HIT and MCT offer similar cardiometabolic protection against single MetS risk factors but differ in their effect on average risk factors per subject.This study was part of the project entitled “Body Adiposity Index and Biomarkers of Endothelial and Cardiovascular Health in Adults” and “High Interval Intensity Training and ideal cardiovascular Heart Study (HIIT-Heart Study)”, which was funded by Centre for Studies on Measurement of Physical Activity, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario (Code No FIUR DN-BG001)

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

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El entrenamiento con ejercicios en intervalos de intensidad moderada versus de alta intensidad reduce los componentes clínicos del síndrome metabólico en adultos anteriormente físicamente inactivos. Un ensayo clínico aleatorizado

El Comité Asesor de las Pautas de Actividad Física de 2018 buscó sistemáticamente las revisiones de la literatura existente para evaluar la relación entre el entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT), el entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada (MICT) o el entrenamiento de resistencia (RT) y la reducción del riesgo de enfermedad cardiometabólica. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar si 12 semanas de HIIT, RT, entrenamiento combinado (CT = HIIT + RT) o un plan NG indujeron una mejora en los factores de riesgo del síndrome metabólico, la función vascular y la aptitud física en sedentarios y sobrepeso y comparar las respuestas entre los cuatro grupos de intervención. MÉTODOS: El estudio incluyó un total de 57 sujetos sedentarios con obesidad abdominal o sobrepeso. Diseño paralelo aleatorio de doce semanas que examina los efectos de diferentes regímenes de ejercicio y / o GN en la composición antropométrica y corporal (masa grasa y magra en todo el cuerpo, grasa del tronco, índice de masa grasa, masa muscular apendicular y circunferencia de la cintura); factores de riesgo del síndrome metabólico y parámetros vasculares (lípidos en sangre, glucosa en ayunas, presión arterial, vasodilatación mediada por flujo [FMD%], velocidad de la onda de pulso aórtica (VOP) e índice de aumento [AIx]); y aptitud física (aptitud cardiorrespiratoria y fuerza de agarre). RESULTADOS: Los modelos lineales mixtos ajustados revelaron una mejora significativa en la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria (ml · kg · min -1 ): HIIT +8,3, RT +4,1 y CT +6,3 (todos P <0,001). La diferencia de mejora entre los grupos fue estadísticamente significativa entre el grupo HIIT y NG (P = 0.014), [tiempo x interacción del grupo F (23.564) ; P <0,001; ? 2 parcial = 0,365]. Además, el grupo de RT y CT tiene un impacto positivo significativo en PWV (m · s -1 ) ( d = 0.391 y 0.229 respectivamente; P <0.001, [tiempo x interacción grupo F (5.457) ; P = 0.003; ? 2parcial = 0,280]. En lo sucesivo, el grupo RT tiene un impacto positivo significativo en la fiebre aftosa (%) en comparación con el grupo HIIT, CT o NG (tiempo x interacción grupo F (2.942) ; P = 0.044; ? 2 parcial = 0.174). CONCLUSIONES: Los principales hallazgos de este estudio son que 12 semanas de HIIT conducen a mejoras significativas en la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, mientras que la RT resultó en mejoras en el perfil vascular, apoyando el efecto positivo de ambos programas de entrenamiento para factores de riesgo cardiometabólico en adultos sedentarios y con sobrepeso.The 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee systematically searched for reviews of the existing literature to assess the relationship between high intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate intensity continuous training (MICT), or resistance training ( RT) and reduced risk of cardiometabolic disease. In this context, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether 12 weeks of HIIT, RT, combined training (CT = HIIT + RT), or an NG plan induced an improvement in risk factors for metabolic syndrome, vascular function, and fitness. physical activity in sedentary and overweight patients and compare the responses between the four intervention groups. METHODS: The study included a total of 57 sedentary subjects with abdominal obesity or overweight. Twelve-week randomized parallel design examining the effects of different exercise and / or GN regimens on anthropometric and body composition (whole body fat and lean mass, trunk fat, fat mass index, appendicular muscle mass and circumference of the waist); risk factors for metabolic syndrome and vascular parameters (blood lipids, fasting glucose, blood pressure, flow-mediated vasodilation [FMD%], aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), and rate of increase [AIx]); and physical fitness (cardiorespiratory fitness and grip strength). RESULTS: The adjusted linear mixed models revealed a significant improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (ml · kg · min -1): HIIT +8.3, RT +4.1 and TC +6.3 (all P <0.001). The difference of improvement between the groups was statistically significant between the HIIT and NG groups (P = 0.014), [time x interaction of group F (23,564); P <0.001; ? 2 partial = 0.365]. Furthermore, the RT and CT group has a significant positive impact on PWV (m · s -1) (d = 0.391 and 0.229 respectively; P <0.001, [time x interaction group F (5.457); P = 0.003; ? 2partial = 0.280] Henceforth, the RT group has a significant positive impact on FMD (%) compared to the HIIT, CT or NG group (time x interaction group F (2.942); P = 0.044; ? 2 partial = 0.174). CONCLUSIONS: The main findings of this study are that 12 weeks of HIIT led to significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, while RT resulted in improvements in vascular profile, supporting the positive effect of both training programs for factors of cardiometabolic risk in sedentary and overweight adults

Función endotelial y lipemia postprandial en adultos con presencia de criterios asociados a síndrome metabólico: efecto del estado nutricional

Introducción: La lipemia postprandial se caracteriza por un aumento de las lipoproteínas ricas en triglicéridos y varios trabajos lo describen como un factor que determina la salud metabólica de un individuo. El objetivo del estudio fue cuantificar la contribución del sobrepeso en la magnitud de la lipemia postprandial en 33 sujetos con criterios asociados al síndrome metabólico (n = 20, sobrepeso y n = 13 eutróficos, 66% hombres, edad media 31,2 ± 7,6 años). Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se midió la vasodilatación mediada por el flujo, la velocidad de onda del pulso, el perfil lipídico, el cociente Log triglicéridos/lipoproteínas de alta densidad, la glucosa y la presión arterial tras una ingesta estándar alta en lípidos (79% Kcal/grasa). Se calculó el Z-score de riesgo cardiovascular a partir de la suma de los residuos tipificados (Z) de las variables bioquímicas. El estado de lipemia se midió en ayuno (0 min.) y a los (60, 120, 180, y 240 minutos) postprandiales. Resultados: El valor basal de la vasodilatación mediada por el flujo y la velocidad de onda del pulso fue de 6,9 ± 5,9% y 7,0 ± 0,8 m/s, respectivamente. Se identificó que la lipemia postprandial reducía la vasodilatación mediada por el flujo en 19,2% a los 60 minutos (5,9 ± 1,5%) y a los 240 minutos (3,7 ± 1,2%) (p = 0,04), respectivamente. Este hallazgo se acompañó con un aumento en la velocidad de onda del pulso (p < 0,05). Al dividir los sujetos en dos grupos según el índice de masa corporal, los participantes en sobrepeso muestran cifras más elevadas en el Z-score de riesgo cardiovascular, la velocidad de onda del pulso, el Log triglicéridos/lipoproteínas de alta densidad y el Δ-velocidad de onda del pulso, (p < 0,001). Conclusión: Este estudio demuestra que los sujetos clasificados en sobrepeso y que presentan criterios asociados al síndrome metabólico, muestran un perfil cardiometabólico asociado con un mayor riesgo cardiovascular, tras una ingesta alta en grasas

Endothelial function and postprandial lipemia in adults presenting criteria associated to metabolic syndrome : effect of nutritional state

Introducción: La lipemia postprandial se caracteriza por un aumento de las lipoproteínas ricas en triglicéridos y varios trabajos lo describen como un factor que determina la salud metabólica de un individuo. El objetivo del estudio fue cuantificar la contribución del sobrepeso en la magnitud de la lipemia postprandial en 33 sujetos con criterios asociados al síndrome metabólico (n = 20, sobrepeso y n = 13 eutróficos, 66% hombres, edad media 31,2 ± 7,6 anos). Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se midió la vasodilatación mediada por el flujo, la velocidad de onda del pulso, el perfil lipídico, el cociente Log triglicéridos/lipoproteínas de alta densidad, la glucosa y la presión arterial tras una ingesta estándar alta en lípidos (79% Kcal/grasa). Se calculó el Z-score de riesgo cardiovascular a partir de la suma de los residuos tipificados (Z) de las variables bioquímicas. El estado de lipemia se midió en ayuno (0 min.) y a los (60, 120, 180, y 240 minutos) postprandiales. Resultados: El valor basal de la vasodilatación mediada por el flujo y la velocidad de onda del pulso fue de 6,9 ± 5,9% y 7,0 ± 0,8 m/s, respectivamente. Se identificó que la lipemia postprandial reducía la vasodilatación mediada por el flujo en 19,2% a los 60 minutos (5,9 ± 1,5%) y a los 240 minutos (3,7 ± 1,2%) (p = 0,04), respectivamente. Este hallazgo se acompanó˜ con un aumento en la velocidad de onda del pulso (p < 0,05). Al dividir los sujetos en dos grupos según el índice de masa corporal, los participantes en sobrepeso muestran cifras más elevadas en el Zscore de riesgo cardiovascular, la velocidad de onda del pulso, el Log triglicéridos/lipoproteínas de alta densidad y el -velocidad de onda del pulso, (p < 0,001).Introduction Postprandial lipemia is characterised by an increase in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and several studies describe it as a factor that determines metabolic health of an individual. The motivation of the study was to quantify the contribution to overweight in the magnitude of the postprandial lipemia in 33 persons with criteria associated to metabolic syndrome (n = 20 being overweight and n = 13 eutrophic, 66% male, average age 31.2 ± 7.6 years). Methods Cross-sectional descriptive study. Flow-mediated vasodilation, pulse wave velocity, lipid profile, log of the triglyceride/protein ratio, glucose and blood pressure were measured after high standard intake of lipids (79% Kcal/fat). Z-score for cardiovascular risk was calculated using the sum of typified residues (Z) of biochemical variables. Lipemia state was measured at fasting (0 min) and after 60, 120, 180 and 240 postprandial minutes. Results Baseline flow-mediated vasodilation and pulse wave velocity values were 6.9 ± 5.9% and 7.0 ± 0.8 m/s, respectively. It was identified that postprandial lipemia reduced flow-mediated vasodilation by 19.2% after 60 minutes (5.9 ± 1.5%) and after 240 minutes (3.7 ± 1.2%) (p = 0.04), respectively. This finding was paired with an increase in pulse wave velocity (p &lt; 0.05). When dividing subjects into two groups according to their body mass index, overweight participants show higher Z-score cardiovascular risk values, pulse wave velocity, log of the triglyceride/protein ratio and the Δ pulse wave velocity (p &gt; 0.001). Conclusion This study reveals that overweight individuals showing criteria associated to metabolic syndrome have a cardiometabolic profile linked to a higher cardiovascular risk, after high intake of lipids. © 2016 Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascula

Endothelial function and postprandial lipemia in adults presenting criteria associated to metabolic syndrome : effect of nutritional state

Introducción: La lipemia postprandial se caracteriza por un aumento de las lipoproteínas ricas en triglicéridos y varios trabajos lo describen como un factor que determina la salud metabólica de un individuo. El objetivo del estudio fue cuantificar la contribución del sobrepeso en la magnitud de la lipemia postprandial en 33 sujetos con criterios asociados al síndrome metabólico (n = 20, sobrepeso y n = 13 eutróficos, 66% hombres, edad media 31,2 ± 7,6 anos). Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se midió la vasodilatación mediada por el flujo, la velocidad de onda del pulso, el perfil lipídico, el cociente Log triglicéridos/lipoproteínas de alta densidad, la glucosa y la presión arterial tras una ingesta estándar alta en lípidos (79% Kcal/grasa). Se calculó el Z-score de riesgo cardiovascular a partir de la suma de los residuos tipificados (Z) de las variables bioquímicas. El estado de lipemia se midió en ayuno (0 min.) y a los (60, 120, 180, y 240 minutos) postprandiales. Resultados: El valor basal de la vasodilatación mediada por el flujo y la velocidad de onda del pulso fue de 6,9 ± 5,9% y 7,0 ± 0,8 m/s, respectivamente. Se identificó que la lipemia postprandial reducía la vasodilatación mediada por el flujo en 19,2% a los 60 minutos (5,9 ± 1,5%) y a los 240 minutos (3,7 ± 1,2%) (p = 0,04), respectivamente. Este hallazgo se acompanó˜ con un aumento en la velocidad de onda del pulso (p < 0,05). Al dividir los sujetos en dos grupos según el índice de masa corporal, los participantes en sobrepeso muestran cifras más elevadas en el Zscore de riesgo cardiovascular, la velocidad de onda del pulso, el Log triglicéridos/lipoproteínas de alta densidad y el -velocidad de onda del pulso, (p < 0,001).Introduction Postprandial lipemia is characterised by an increase in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and several studies describe it as a factor that determines metabolic health of an individual. The motivation of the study was to quantify the contribution to overweight in the magnitude of the postprandial lipemia in 33 persons with criteria associated to metabolic syndrome (n = 20 being overweight and n = 13 eutrophic, 66% male, average age 31.2 ± 7.6 years). Methods Cross-sectional descriptive study. Flow-mediated vasodilation, pulse wave velocity, lipid profile, log of the triglyceride/protein ratio, glucose and blood pressure were measured after high standard intake of lipids (79% Kcal/fat). Z-score for cardiovascular risk was calculated using the sum of typified residues (Z) of biochemical variables. Lipemia state was measured at fasting (0 min) and after 60, 120, 180 and 240 postprandial minutes. Results Baseline flow-mediated vasodilation and pulse wave velocity values were 6.9 ± 5.9% and 7.0 ± 0.8 m/s, respectively. It was identified that postprandial lipemia reduced flow-mediated vasodilation by 19.2% after 60 minutes (5.9 ± 1.5%) and after 240 minutes (3.7 ± 1.2%) (p = 0.04), respectively. This finding was paired with an increase in pulse wave velocity (p &lt; 0.05). When dividing subjects into two groups according to their body mass index, overweight participants show higher Z-score cardiovascular risk values, pulse wave velocity, log of the triglyceride/protein ratio and the Δ pulse wave velocity (p &gt; 0.001). Conclusion This study reveals that overweight individuals showing criteria associated to metabolic syndrome have a cardiometabolic profile linked to a higher cardiovascular risk, after high intake of lipids. © 2016 Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascula

Acute effects of high intensity, resistance, or combined protocol on the increase of level of neurotrophic factors in physically inactive overweight adults : The BrainFit study

The purpose of this study was to compare the neurotrophic factor response following one session of high-intensity exercise, resistance training or both in a cohort of physically inactive overweight adults aged 18-30 years old. A randomized, parallel-group clinical trial of 51 men (23.6 ± 3.5 years; 83.5 ± 7.8 kg; 28.0 ± 1.9 kg/m2) who are physically inactive (i.e., &lt; 150 min of moderate-intensity exercise per week or IPAQ score of &lt; 600 MET min/week for &gt; 6 months) and are either abdominally obese (waist circumference ≥90 cm) or have a body mass index, BMI ≥25 and ≤ 30 kg/m2 were randomized to the following four exercise protocols: high-intensity exercise (4 × 4 min intervals at 85-95% maximum heart rate [HRmax] interspersed with 4 min of recovery at 75-85% HRmax) (n = 14), resistance training (12-15 repetitions per set, at 50-70% of one repetition maximum with 60 s of recovery) (n = 12), combined high-intensity and resistance exercise (n = 13), or non-exercising control (n = 12). The plasma levels of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4 (also known as neurotrophin 4/5; NT-4 or NT-4/5), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were determined before (pre-exercise) and 1-min post-exercise for each protocol session. Resistance training induced significant increases in NT-3 (+39.6 ng/mL [95% CI, 2.5-76.6; p = 0.004], and NT-4/5 (+1.3 ng/mL [95% CI, 0.3-2.3; p = 0.014]), respectively. Additionally, combined training results in favorable effects on BDNF (+22.0, 95% CI, 2.6-41.5; p = 0.029) and NT-3 (+32.9 ng/mL [95% CI, 12.3-53.4; p = 0.004]), respectively. The regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between changes in BDNF levels and changes in NT-4/5 levels from baseline to immediate post-exercise in the combined training group (R2 = 0.345, p = 0.034) but not the other intervention groups. The findings indicate that acute resistance training and combined exercise increase neurotrophic factors in physically inactive overweight adults. Further studies are required to determine the biological importance of changes in neurotrophic responses in overweight men and chronic effects of these exercise protocols. © 2018 Domínguez-Sanchéz, Bustos-Cruz, Velasco-Orjuela, Quintero, Tordecilla-Sanders, Correa-Bautista, Triana-Reina, García-Hermoso, González-Ruíz, Peña-Guzmán, Hernández, Peña-Ibagon, Téllez-T, Izquierdo and Ramírez-Vélez

Acute effects of high intensity, resistance, or combined protocol on the increase of level of neurotrophic factors in physically inactive overweight adults : The BrainFit study

The purpose of this study was to compare the neurotrophic factor response following one session of high-intensity exercise, resistance training or both in a cohort of physically inactive overweight adults aged 18-30 years old. A randomized, parallel-group clinical trial of 51 men (23.6 ± 3.5 years; 83.5 ± 7.8 kg; 28.0 ± 1.9 kg/m2) who are physically inactive (i.e., &lt; 150 min of moderate-intensity exercise per week or IPAQ score of &lt; 600 MET min/week for &gt; 6 months) and are either abdominally obese (waist circumference ≥90 cm) or have a body mass index, BMI ≥25 and ≤ 30 kg/m2 were randomized to the following four exercise protocols: high-intensity exercise (4 × 4 min intervals at 85-95% maximum heart rate [HRmax] interspersed with 4 min of recovery at 75-85% HRmax) (n = 14), resistance training (12-15 repetitions per set, at 50-70% of one repetition maximum with 60 s of recovery) (n = 12), combined high-intensity and resistance exercise (n = 13), or non-exercising control (n = 12). The plasma levels of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4 (also known as neurotrophin 4/5; NT-4 or NT-4/5), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were determined before (pre-exercise) and 1-min post-exercise for each protocol session. Resistance training induced significant increases in NT-3 (+39.6 ng/mL [95% CI, 2.5-76.6; p = 0.004], and NT-4/5 (+1.3 ng/mL [95% CI, 0.3-2.3; p = 0.014]), respectively. Additionally, combined training results in favorable effects on BDNF (+22.0, 95% CI, 2.6-41.5; p = 0.029) and NT-3 (+32.9 ng/mL [95% CI, 12.3-53.4; p = 0.004]), respectively. The regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between changes in BDNF levels and changes in NT-4/5 levels from baseline to immediate post-exercise in the combined training group (R2 = 0.345, p = 0.034) but not the other intervention groups. The findings indicate that acute resistance training and combined exercise increase neurotrophic factors in physically inactive overweight adults. Further studies are required to determine the biological importance of changes in neurotrophic responses in overweight men and chronic effects of these exercise protocols. © 2018 Domínguez-Sanchéz, Bustos-Cruz, Velasco-Orjuela, Quintero, Tordecilla-Sanders, Correa-Bautista, Triana-Reina, García-Hermoso, González-Ruíz, Peña-Guzmán, Hernández, Peña-Ibagon, Téllez-T, Izquierdo and Ramírez-Vélez