6,418 research outputs found
Multi-Professional Perspectives on Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Across Europe: An e-Delphi Survey
The aims of this article are to describe the ongoing development of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer services within the European Union (EU), and to develop consensus on key areas within the field. This survey used an e-Delphi design. An initial survey was distributed via email to professionals working in Europe. A snowball sampling technique was used to promote distribution. Consensus was sought over three rounds from October 2012 to April 2015. Consensus was defined as >80% agreement (âagreeâ or âstrongly agreeâ). Sixty professionals participated in round 1, 106 in round 2, and 61 in round 3. Twenty-six countries were represented across all rounds. Consensus was achieved for: the need for national policy guidance, the importance of patient choice, the validity of the International Charter of Rights for Young People, and some aspects of multi-disciplinary working. There was 75% agreement on a single definition of the patient age range within AYA cancer care. European professionals with expertise in AYA cancer care reached consensus on key elements of care for this group. The optimal AYA age range remained an elusive topic on which to agree. The broad engagement and interest in AYA cancer across the EU through the European Network for Cancer in Children and Adolescents (ENCCA) network was also demonstrated
On the apparent absence of broad iron lines in Seyfert galaxies
We present an analysis of XMM-Newton observations of eleven Seyfert galaxies
that appear to be missing a broad iron K alpha line. These objects represent a
challenge to the established paradigm for active galactic nuclei, where a
relatively cold accretion disc feeds the central black hole. In that paradigm,
X-ray illumination of the accretion disc should lead to continuum and
fluorescence emission from iron which is broadened and shifted by relativistic
effects close the hole. We extend the work of Nandra et al. (2007), who found
no evidence for such a component in an earlier analysis of these objects, by
testing a variety of more complex relativistic reflection models. Specifically,
we consider the possibility that the disc is highly ionised, and/or that the
the reflection is heavily blurred by strong relativistic effects in a Kerr
geometry. We find that in 8/11 of the observations with no apparent broad iron
line, the fit is significantly improved when an ionised or strongly blurred
reflector is included, and that all 11 observations allow for such a component.
The disc inclinations are found generally to be around 60 degrees, which when
combined with a steep emissivity profile results in strong relativistic
blurring of the reflection, rendering the K alpha line difficult to distinguish
from the underlying continuum. Nevertheless, relativistic reflection does
appear to be present, and the strength of the smeared reflection is similar to
that expected from a flat disc illuminated by a point source. Such blurred
reflection and the associated steep radial emissivity profiles are consistent
with the gravitational light bending of the continuum photons close to the
black hole.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
myomiR-dependent switching of BAF60 variant incorporation into Brg1 chromatin remodeling complexes during embryo myogenesis
Myogenesis involves the stable commitment of progenitor cells followed by the execution of myogenic differentiation, processes that are coordinated by myogenic regulatory factors, microRNAs and BAF chromatin remodeling complexes. BAF60a, BAF60b and BAF60c are structural subunits of the BAF complex that bind to the core ATPase Brg1 to provide functional specificity. BAF60c is essential for myogenesis; however, the mechanisms regulating the subunit composition of BAF/Brg1 complexes, in particular the incorporation of different BAF60 variants, are not understood. Here we reveal their dynamic expression during embryo myogenesis and uncover the concerted negative regulation of BAF60a and BAF60b by the muscle-specific microRNAs (myomiRs) miR-133 and miR-1/206 during somite differentiation. MicroRNA inhibition in chick embryos leads to increased BAF60a or BAF60b levels, a concomitant switch in BAF/Brg1 subunit composition and delayed myogenesis. The phenotypes are mimicked by sustained BAF60a or BAF60b expression and are rescued by morpholino knockdown of BAF60a or BAF60b. This suggests that myomiRs contribute to select BAF60c for incorporation into the Brg1 complex by specifically targeting the alternative variants BAF60a and BAF60b during embryo myogenesis, and reveals that interactions between tissue-specific non-coding RNAs and chromatin remodeling factors confer robustness to mesodermal lineage determination
The remittances behaviour of the second generation in Europe: altruism or self-interest?
Whereas most research on remittances focuses on first-generation migrants, the aim of this paper is to investigate the remitting behaviour of the host country-born children of migrants - the second generation - in various European cities. Some important studies found that migrant transnationalism is not only a phenomenon for the first generation, but
also apply to the second and higher generations, through, among other things, family visits, elder care, and remittances. At the same time, the maintenance of a strong ethnic identity in the âhostâ society does not necessarily mean that second-generation migrants have strong transnational ties to their âhomeâ country.
The data used in this paper is from âThe Integration of the European Second Generationâ (TIES) project. The survey collected information on approximately 6,250 individuals aged 18-35 with at least one migrant parent from Morocco, Turkey or former Yugoslavia, in 15 European cities, regrouped in 8 âcountriesâ. For the purpose of this paper, only
analyses for Austria (Linz and Vienna); Switzerland (Basle and Zurich); Germany (Berlin and Frankfurt); France (Paris and Strasbourg); the Netherlands (Amsterdam and Rotterdam); Spain (Barcelona and Madrid); and Sweden (Stockholm) will be presented.
Predicting the development of brain metastases in patients with local/regional melanoma
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106961/1/jso23574.pd
A Laser Frequency Comb System for Absolute Calibration of the VTT Echelle Spectrograph
A wavelength calibration system based on a laser frequency comb (LFC) was
developed in a co-operation between the Kiepenheuer-Institut f\"ur
Sonnenphysik, Freiburg, Germany and the Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Quantenoptik,
Garching, Germany for permanent installation at the German Vacuum Tower
Telescope (VTT) on Tenerife, Canary Islands. The system was installed
successfully in October 2011. By simultaneously recording the spectra from the
Sun and the LFC, for each exposure a calibration curve can be derived from the
known frequencies of the comb modes that is suitable for absolute calibration
at the meters per second level. We briefly summarize some topics in solar
physics that benefit from absolute spectroscopy and point out the advantages of
LFC compared to traditional calibration techniques. We also sketch the basic
setup of the VTT calibration system and its integration with the existing
echelle spectrograph.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures; Solar Physics 277 (2012
Atmospheric emissions from the deepwater Horizon spill constrain air-water partitioning, hydrocarbon fate, and leak rate
The fate of deepwater releases of gas and oil mixtures is initially determined by solubility and volatility of individual hydrocarbon species; these attributes determine partitioning between air and water. Quantifying this partitioning is necessary to constrain simulations of gas and oil transport, to predict marine bioavailability of different fractions of the gas-oil mixture, and to develop a comprehensive picture of the fate of leaked hydrocarbons in the marine environment. Analysis of airborne atmospheric data shows massive amounts (âŒ258,000 kg/day) of hydrocarbons evaporating promptly from the Deepwater Horizon spill; these data collected during two research flights constrain air-water partitioning, thus bioavailability and fate, of the leaked fluid. This analysis quantifies the fraction of surfacing hydrocarbons that dissolves in the water column (âŒ33% by mass), the fraction that does not dissolve, and the fraction that evaporates promptly after surfacing (âŒ14% by mass). We do not quantify the leaked fraction lacking a surface expression; therefore, calculation of atmospheric mass fluxes provides a lower limit to the total hydrocarbon leak rate of 32,600 to 47,700 barrels of fluid per day, depending on reservoir fluid composition information. This study demonstrates a new approach for rapid-response airborne assessment of future oil spills. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union
Description of the BRIGHTLIGHT cohort: the evaluation of teenage and young adult cancer services in England
Objective International recognition of the unique needs
of young people with cancer is growing. Many countries
have developed specialist age-appropriate cancer services
believing them to be of value. In England, 13 specialist
principal treatment centres (PTCs) deliver cancer care to
young people. Despite this expansion of specialist care,
systematic investigation of associated outcomes and
costs has, to date, been lacking. The aim of this paper is
to describe recruitment and baseline characteristics of the
BRIGHTLIGHT cohort and the development of the bespoke
measures of levels of care and disease severity, which will
inform the evaluation of cancer services in England.
Design Prospective, longitudinal, observational study.
Setting Ninety-seven National Health Service hospitals in
England.
Participants A total of 1114 participants were recruited and
diagnosed between July 2012 and December 2014: 55%
(n=618) were men, mean age was 20.1 years (SD=3.3),
most (86%) were white and most common diagnoses were
lymphoma (31%), germ cell tumour (19%) and leukaemia
(13%).
Results At diagnosis, median quality of life score was
significantly lower than a published control threshold (69.7
points); 40% had borderline to severe anxiety, and 21%
had borderline to severe depression. There was minimal
variation in other patient-reported outcomes according to
age, diagnosis or severity of illness. Survival was lower in
the cohort than for young people diagnosed during the same
period who were not recruited (cumulative survival probability
4 years after diagnosis: 88% vs 92%).
Conclusions Data collection was completed in March 2018.
Longitudinal comparisons will determine outcomes and costs
associated with access/exposure to PTCs. Findings will inform
international intervention and policy initiatives to improve
outcomes for young people with cancer
Applying the SRL vs. ERL Theory to the Knowledge of Achievement Emotions in Undergraduate University Students
The Supplementary Material for this article can be found
online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.
2019.02070/full#supplementary-materialThe SRL vs.ERL Theory predicts that a student's own self-regulation and the regulatory nature of the context are factors that jointly determine the student's level of motivational-affective variables. However, this principle has not yet been verified in the case of achievement emotions. The aim of this research was to test this prediction, with the hypothesis that students' level of self-regulation (low-medium-high), in interaction with the regulatory nature of the teaching (low-medium-high), would determine positive or negative emotions as well as the degree of burnout/engagement. A total of 440 university students completed validated questionnaires on self-regulation; regulatory teaching; achievement emotions in class, in study and in testing situations; and on burnout/engagement. Using a quasi-experimental design by selection, ANOVAs and MANOVAs (3 Ă 3; 5 Ă 1) were carried out. The results confirmed that the level of self-regulation and the level of external regulation jointly determined university students' level of achievement emotions, as well as their level of burnout/engagement. Based on these results, a five-level progressive scale was configured. We conclude that this scale may be useful and adequate as a heuristic technique or model for understanding and analyzing the type of student-teacher interaction that is taking place in the university classroom, and thereby learn the probability of stressful effects and the students' level of emotional health.R&D Project PGC2018-094672-B-I00 (Ministry of Science and
Education, Spain), and UAL18-SEJ-DO31-A-FEDER (University
of AlmerĂa, Spain), and the European Social Fund
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