Differential optoacoustic absorption detector

A differential optoacoustic absorption detector employed two tapered cells in tandem or in parallel. When operated in tandem, two mirrors were used at one end remote from the source of the beam of light directed into one cell back through the other, and a lens to focus the light beam into the one cell at a principal focus half way between the reflecting mirror. Each cell was tapered to conform to the shape of the beam so that the volume of one was the same as for the other, and the volume of each received maximum illumination. The axes of the cells were placed as close to each other as possible in order to connect a differential pressure detector to the cells with connecting passages of minimum length. An alternative arrangement employed a beam splitter and two lenses to operate the cells in parallel

Stark cell optoacoustic detection of constituent gases in sample

An optoacoustic detector for gas analysis is implemented with Stark effect cell modulation for switching a beam in and out of coincidence with a spectral line of a constituent gas in order to eliminate the heating effect of laser energy in the cell as a source of background noise. By using a multiline laser, and linearly sweeping the DC bias voltage while exciting the cell with a multiline laser, it is possible to obtain a spectrum from which to determine the combinations of excited constituents and determine their concentrations in parts per million

Depression in type 1 diabetic youth: insulin injections vs. pumps

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that involves destruction of pancreatic cells that produce insulin. The disease typically presents in children and adolescents. The burden of disease management, fear of complications, and disruption of normal childhood that the disease causes place youth with type 1 diabetes at increased risk for developing depression compared to peers without the disease. The presence and severity of depression correlates with disease outcomes. Use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pumps has been shown to improve youth’s quality of life compared to use of multiple daily insulin injections. Although quality of life measures are associated with the risk of developing depression, no studies have compared depression symptomatology in youth using insulin pumps to those using multiple daily insulin injections. The proposed project will assess relative depression symptomatology in youth ages 10-17 using insulin pumps and multiple daily insulin injections. The results of this proposed project could help inform clinicians’ decisions about whether to initiate type 1 diabetes therapy in youth with either insulin pumps or insulin injections. Given the financial burden of depression, it could also potentially encourage insurance companies to increase coverage of insulin pumps

The Constitutionality of the Ohio Guest Statute

This is the manner in which one writer described the court opinion written by Mr. Justice Tobriner in Brown v. Merlo, the California Supreme Court decision which declared the California automobile guest statute unconstitutional. In Brown an automobile guest, alleging both willful misconduct and negligence, brought an action against his host driver for injuries received in an automobile accident which occurred on a California highway. The trial court granted the defendant\u27s motion for summary judgment holding that the state automobile guest statute barred recovery since the plaintiff failed to prove that the accident was caused by the driver\u27s willful misconduct or intoxication. The plaintiff-guest appealed from the summary judgment, contending that the statute conflicted with the equal protection clauses of both the state and federal constitutions. The California Supreme Court agreed with the plaintiff, asserting that the classifications set forth in the statute do not bear a substantial and rational relation to the statute\u27s purposes of protecting the hospitality of the host-driver and of preventing collusive lawsuits. \u2

Drinking Motives of College Students at a HBCU in Oklahoma

The use of alcohol can be found throughout colleges across the nation (O\u27Malley and Johnston, 2002). Whether the college is a 2 year institution or a 4 year institution, private of public, there have been multiple studies conducted over alcohol use in various settings. College students consistently report higher levels of alcohol use than their non-college counterparts (O\u27Malley and Johnston, 2002). In addition, specific demographic characteristics, such as gender, ethnicity, and age, have been studied in relation to college drinking. It\u27s been proven that college men are found to drink more than college females (Humara and Sherman, 2004). Non- White ethnicity has been identified as a risk factor of alcoholism in the general population (Taylor, Johnson, Voas, and Turrisi, 2006). However, the college population is inevitably different. Data results of four national surveys of college students show White students reporting the highest prevalence of heavy drinking, followed by Hispanic and Black students, respectively (O\u27Malley and Johnston, 2002). Age studies show that as college students approach legal drinking age, drinking tends to increase, but levels off after they reach legal drinking age (Taylor et al., 2006). Shumate Looking at various studies related to collegiate drinking, the topic of focus is the motives of drinking alcohol. Drinking is an issue in America. Donaldson (1990, p312) states, Americans have been notorious for drinking since Puritan times, as the accounts of foreign travelers testify. In the nineteenth century the United States became known as the Alcoholic Republic . Although America as a whole has issues with drinking, the focus of this thesis specifically deals with African-American college students and why they drink, their personal motives. The main motives of African American collegiate drinking need to be discussed in order to find solutions to drinking issues on campuses. In some cases, being a college student can be an overwhelming experience. There are so many aspects to the college life. Having good time management, creating good study habits, keeping up with grades, choosing friends, etc, are just a few of the aspects college students deal with on a daily basis. Are these aspects reasons why African American college students drink? Do the motives of college drinking have more to do with emotional reasons or social reasons for collegiate African-Americans? The purpose of this study is to show whether emotional motives or social motives are the most prevalent reason as to why African American college students drink

Method of directing a laser beam with very high accuracy

System will collimate and direct an argon laser beam with high angular tracking accuracy at objects on the moons surface. It can be adapted to missile and satellite tracking

Predicting Farinograph Stability of Wheat Flour with Mixograph and Glutomatic Tests

Hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; HRSW) flour is typically used to produce wheat-based foods where dough strength is a key quality component. Maintaining acceptable levels of dough strength is an important goal in the development of new HRSW cultivars. In a commercial setting, dough strength is often measured as Farinograph stability, though due to various resource constraints, stability is often predicted in breeding programs via other methods like the Mixograph. The objective of this research was to combine Glutomatic with Mixograph data to determine whether Farinograph stability predictions might be improved over the use of Mixograph data alone. Five hundred and forty flour samples of 33 to 48 HRSW genotypes grown at three locations over years 2015 – 2019 were subjected to Farinograph, Mixograph, and Glutomatic tests. Stepwise linear regression methods and pairwise correlation was used to select independent variables from the combined dataset to predict Farinograph stability. Including Glutomatic data with that of the Mixograph may assist breeders in selecting HRSW breeding lines and cultivars with sufficient levels of dough strength. Midline peak time, midline peak integral, and gluten index were found to be the most significant predictors of Farinograph stability. Stability was affected by the environment from year to year. Analysis on genotype averages was found to be the most useful and least effected by environmental interactions