Le métal noir québécois : l'analyse du récit identitaire d'une communauté black metal marginale

Tableau d'honneur de la FÉSPCette thèse porte sur l’analyse du récit identitaire (découlant tant de la musique, de l’imagerie que du discours) de la communauté de métal noir québécois (MNQ). S’étant développée dans la province de Québec vers 2005, cette communauté toujours active renferme un certain nombre de groupes (dont Forteresse, Brume d’Automne et Chasse-Galerie) employant le style black metal. En provenance de l’Europe du Nord, ce style s’est constitué dans les années 1980 et traite principalement de thématiques occultes, de la valorisation des cultures préchrétiennes ou encore de nationalisme, et ce, à l’aide d’une réalisation sonore lo-fi. La particularité de la communauté de MNQ réside dans l’adaptation du style black metal au contexte québécois. Ainsi, les musiciens projettent une vision romantique d’un Québec indépendant tant à travers la musique, l’imagerie que les discours. Ce faisant, ceux-ci créent donc un récit identitaire, où les différents événements liés à l’histoire de la province sont revisités afin de mieux cadrer dans l’idéologie black metal à laquelle ils adhèrent. Pour mieux comprendre comment se structure le récit musical, ainsi que ceux découlant de l’interprétation des images des livrets et du discours des membres de la communauté, les concepts de récits phonographique, paraphonographique et communal ont été employés. La jonction de ces trois niveaux de récit (phonographique, paraphonographique et communal) permet de faire émerger le récit dit « identitaire », un concept élaboré par le philosophe Paul Ricoeur. En effet, celui-ci avance que notre identité personnelle et collective est ordonnée à travers la narration et que l’interprétation de différents événements historiques – par les membres d’une communauté donnée – forme un récit identitaire particulier. Afin de comprendre ce récit identitaire, j’ai mené 21 entretiens ethnographiques avec 25 membres de la communauté de MNQ et fait l’analyse d’un total de 48 chansons en provenance de 10 groupes. Ainsi, la jonction de ces niveaux de récit a favorisé une meilleure compréhension des éléments musicaux, visuels et discursifs spécifiques de cette communauté qui, en plus de réutiliser les codes idéologiques et esthétiques propres au black metal, puise dans les références culturelles et historiques québécoises.This thesis refers to the analysis of the identity-based narrative (resulting from music, imagery and speech) of the Québec black metal community (MNQ). Having developed in the province of Quebec around 2005, this still active community contains several groups (including Forteresse, Brume d’Automne and Chasse-Galerie) using the black metal style. Coming from Northern Europe, this style was created in the 1980s and deals mainly with occult topics, the valorization of pre-Christian cultures or even nationalism, and this, with the help of a lo-fi sound production. The particularity of the MNQ community lies in the adaptation of the black metal style to the Québec context. Thus, musicians project a romantic vision of an independent Québec through music, imagery and speeches. In doing so, they create an identity-based narrative, where the various events related to the history of the province are revisited to better fit into the black metal ideology to which they adhere. To better understand how the musical narrative is structured, as well as those arising from the interpretation of the images of the booklets and the discourse of the members of the community, the concepts of phonographic, paraphonographic and communal narrative were used. The junction of these three levels of narrative makes it possible to reveal the « identity-based » narrative, a concept elaborated by the philosopher Paul Ricoeur. Indeed, he argues that our personal and collective identity is ordered through narrative and that the interpretation of different historical events – by the members of a given community – forms a particular identity-based narrative. To understand this identity-based narrative, I conducted 21 ethnographic interviews with members of the community and performed the analysis of 48 songs total from 10 MNQ groups. Thus, the junction of these levels of narrative has fostered a better understanding of the specific musical, visual and discursive elements of this community which, in addition to reusing the ideological and aesthetic codes specific to black metal, draws on Québec cultural and historical references

L'analyse des paramètres narrato-musicologiques dans l'élaboration du récit phonographique transgressif : le cas du metal extrême

Le metal extrême, tiré du heavy metal, demeure souvent pointé du doigt en raison de la musique et des sujets transgressifs le caractérisant et qui, a priori, ne communiquent qu’une violence décousue. Or, ces dernières années, plusieurs musicologues se sont intéressés au potentiel de la narratologie pour l’analyse de la musique populaire; la chanson est alors considérée comme un véritable récit, où les musiciens transmettent leur propre vision du monde. Dans ce mémoire, je propose donc une analyse musicologique et narratologique de quatre chansons dites transgressives tirées du metal extrême, soit « Mad Architect » (Septicflesh), « Her Ghost in the Fog » (Cradle of Filth), « When the Joyful Dead are Dancing » (Unexpect) et « Puritania » (Dimmu Borgir). Ces analyses permettront donc de mieux comprendre la structure narrative et musicale interne, ainsi que les différents codes esthétiques régissant ce répertoire.Extreme metal, derived from heavy metal, remains often singled out because of the music and subjects viewed as transgressive and which, a priori, communicate a disjointed violence. However, in recent years, several musicologists have been interested in the potiential of narratology for the analysis of popular music; the song is then considered as a true narrative, where musicians communicate their own conception of the world. In this thesis, I propose to perform a musicological and narratological analysis of four songs known as transgressive and derived from extreme metal, namely “Mad Architect” (Septicflesh), “Her Ghost in the Fog” (Cradle of Filth) “When the Joyful Dead are Dancing” (Unexpect) and “Puritania” (Dimmu Borgir). These analyses will enable a better understanding of the internal musical structure and narrative, and the different aesthetic codes governing this repertoire

A global checklist of the Bombycoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera)

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The attached file is the published pdf plus supplementary data file.NHM Repositor

Phylogenomics resolves major relationships and reveals significant diversification rate shifts in the evolution of silk moths and relatives

Background: Silkmoths and their relatives constitute the ecologically and taxonomically diverse superfamily Bombycoidea, which includes some of the most charismatic species of Lepidoptera. Despite displaying spectacular forms and diverse ecological traits, relatively little attention has been given to understanding their evolution and drivers of their diversity. To begin to address this problem, we created a new Bombycoidea-specific Anchored Hybrid Enrichment (AHE) probe set and sampled up to 571 loci for 117 taxa across all major lineages of the Bombycoidea, with a newly developed DNA extraction protocol that allows Lepidoptera specimens to be readily sequenced from pinned natural history collections. Results: The well-supported tree was overall consistent with prior morphological and molecular studies, although some taxa were misplaced. The bombycid Arotros Schaus was formally transferred to Apatelodidae. We identified important evolutionary patterns (e.g., morphology, biogeography, and differences in speciation and extinction), and our analysis of diversification rates highlights the stark increases that exist within the Sphingidae (hawkmoths) and Saturniidae (wild silkmoths). Conclusions: Our study establishes a backbone for future evolutionary, comparative, and taxonomic studies of Bombycoidea. We postulate that the rate shifts identified are due to the well-documented bat-moth “arms race”. Our research highlights the flexibility of AHE to generate genomic data from a wide range of museum specimens, both age and preservation method, and will allow researchers to tap into the wealth of biological data residing in natural history collections around the globe.Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.NHM Repositor

The majority of total nuclear-encoded non-ribosomal RNA in a human cell is 'dark matter' un-annotated RNA

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Discovery that the transcriptional output of the human genome is far more complex than predicted by the current set of protein-coding annotations and that most RNAs produced do not appear to encode proteins has transformed our understanding of genome complexity and suggests new paradigms of genome regulation. However, the fraction of all cellular RNA whose function we do not understand and the fraction of the genome that is utilized to produce that RNA remain controversial. This is not simply a bookkeeping issue because the degree to which this un-annotated transcription is present has important implications with respect to its biologic function and to the general architecture of genome regulation. For example, efforts to elucidate how non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate genome function will be compromised if that class of RNAs is dismissed as simply 'transcriptional noise'.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We show that the relative mass of RNA whose function and/or structure we do not understand (the so called 'dark matter' RNAs), as a proportion of all non-ribosomal, non-mitochondrial human RNA (mt-RNA), can be greater than that of protein-encoding transcripts. This observation is obscured in studies that focus only on polyA-selected RNA, a method that enriches for protein coding RNAs and at the same time discards the vast majority of RNA prior to analysis. We further show the presence of a large number of very long, abundantly-transcribed regions (100's of kb) in intergenic space and further show that expression of these regions is associated with neoplastic transformation. These overlap some regions found previously in normal human embryonic tissues and raises an interesting hypothesis as to the function of these ncRNAs in both early development and neoplastic transformation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We conclude that 'dark matter' RNA can constitute the majority of non-ribosomal, non-mitochondrial-RNA and a significant fraction arises from numerous very long, intergenic transcribed regions that could be involved in neoplastic transformation.</p

Importance of salt fingering for new nitrogen supply in the oligotrophic ocean.

The input of new nitrogen into the euphotic zone constrains the export of organic carbon to the deep ocean and thereby the biologically mediated long-term CO2 exchange between the ocean and atmosphere. In low-latitude open-ocean regions, turbulence-driven nitrate diffusion from the ocean’s interior and biological fixation of atmospheric N2 are the main sources of new nitrogen for phytoplankton productivity. With measurements across the tropical and subtropical Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans, we show that nitrate diffusion (171±190 mmolm 2 d 1) dominates over N2 fixation (9.0±9.4 mmolm 2 d 1) at the time of sampling. Nitrate diffusion mediated by salt fingers is responsible for ca. 20% of the new nitrogen supply in several provinces of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Our results indicate that salt finger diffusion should be considered in present and future ocean nitrogen budgets, as it could supply globally 0.23–1.00 TmolNyr 1 to the euphotic zone.MALASPINA (CSD2008-00077)Versión del editor10,015

Nuclear Factor 90(NF90) targeted to TAR RNA inhibits transcriptional activation of HIV-1

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Examination of host cell-based inhibitors of HIV-1 transcription may be important for attenuating viral replication. We describe properties of a cellular double-stranded RNA binding protein with intrinsic affinity for HIV-1 TAR RNA that interferes with Tat/TAR interaction and inhibits viral gene expression.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Utilizing TAR affinity fractionation, North-Western blotting, and mobility-shift assays, we show that the C-terminal variant of nuclear factor 90 (NF90ctv) with strong affinity for the TAR RNA, competes with Tat/TAR interaction <it>in vitro</it>. Analysis of the effect of NF90ctv-TAR RNA interaction <it>in vivo </it>showed significant inhibition of Tat-transactivation of HIV-1 LTR in cells expressing NF90ctv, as well as changes in histone H3 lysine-4 and lysine-9 methylation of HIV chromatin that are consistent with the epigenetic changes in transcriptionally repressed gene.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Structural integrity of the TAR element is crucial in HIV-1 gene expression. Our results show that perturbation Tat/TAR RNA interaction by the dsRNA binding protein is sufficient to inhibit transcriptional activation of HIV-1.</p

LRP-1 Promotes Cancer Cell Invasion by Supporting ERK and Inhibiting JNK Signaling Pathways

Background: The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) is an endocytic receptor mediating the clearance of various extracellular molecules involved in the dissemination of cancer cells. LRP-1 thus appeared as an attractive receptor for targeting the invasive behavior of malignant cells. However, recent results suggest that LRP-1 may facilitate the development and growth of cancer metastases in vivo, but the precise contribution of the receptor during cancer progression remains to be elucidated. The lack of mechanistic insights into the intracellular signaling networks downstream of LRP-1 has prevented the understanding of its contribution towards cancer. Methodology/Principal Findings: Through a short-hairpin RNA-mediated silencing approach, we identified LRP-1 as a main regulator of ERK and JNK signaling in a tumor cell context. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that LRP-1 constitutes an intracellular docking site for MAPK containing complexes. By using pharmacological agents, constitutively active and dominant-negative kinases, we demonstrated that LRP-1 maintains malignant cells in an adhesive state that is favorable for invasion by activating ERK and inhibiting JNK. We further demonstrated that the LRP-1-dependent regulation of MAPK signaling organizes the cytoskeletal architecture and mediates adhesive complex turnover in cancer cells. Moreover, we found that LRP-1 is tethered to the actin network and to focal adhesion sites and controls ERK and JNK targeting to talin-rich structures. Conclusions: We identified ERK and JNK as the main molecular relays by which LRP-1 regulates focal adhesion disassembly of malignant cells to support invasion

Iron Biogeochemistry in the High Latitude North Atlantic Ocean

Iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient for marine microbial organisms, and low supply controls productivity in large parts of the world’s ocean. The high latitude North Atlantic is seasonally Fe limited, but Fe distributions and source strengths are poorly constrained. Surface ocean dissolved Fe (DFe) concentrations were low in the study region (<0.1 nM) in summer 2010, with significant perturbations during spring 2010 in the Iceland Basin as a result of an eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano (up to 2.5 nM DFe near Iceland) with biogeochemical consequences. Deep water concentrations in the vicinity of the Reykjanes Ridge system were influenced by pronounced sediment resuspension, with indications for additional inputs by hydrothermal vents, with subsequent lateral transport of Fe and manganese plumes of up to 250–300 km. Particulate Fe formed the dominant pool, as evidenced by 4–17 fold higher total dissolvable Fe compared with DFe concentrations, and a dynamic exchange between the fractions appeared to buffer deep water DFe. Here we show that Fe supply associated with deep winter mixing (up to 103 nmol m−2 d−1) was at least ca. 4–10 times higher than atmospheric deposition, diffusive fluxes at the base of the summer mixed layer, and horizontal surface ocean fluxes

Sex-specific Trans-regulatory Variation on the Drosophila melanogaster X Chromosome

The X chromosome constitutes a unique genomic environment because it is present in one copy in males, but two copies in females. This simple fact has motivated several theoretical predictions with respect to how standing genetic variation on the X chromosome should differ from the autosomes. Unmasked expression of deleterious mutations in males and a lower census size are expected to reduce variation, while allelic variants with sexually antagonistic effects, and potentially those with a sex-specific effect, could accumulate on the X chromosome and contribute to increased genetic variation. In addition, incomplete dosage compensation of the X chromosome could potentially dampen the male-specific effects of random mutations, and promote the accumulation of X-linked alleles with sexually dimorphic phenotypic effects. Here we test both the amount and the type of genetic variation on the X chromosome within a population of Drosophila melanogaster, by comparing the proportion of X linked and autosomal trans-regulatory SNPs with a sexually concordant and discordant effect on gene expression. We find that the X chromosome is depleted for SNPs with a sexually concordant effect, but hosts comparatively more SNPs with a sexually discordant effect. Interestingly, the contrasting results for SNPs with sexually concordant and discordant effects are driven by SNPs with a larger influence on expression in females than expression in males. Furthermore, the distribution of these SNPs is shifted towards regions where dosage compensation is predicted to be less complete. These results suggest that intrinsic properties of dosage compensation influence either the accumulation of different types of trans-factors and/or their propensity to accumulate mutations. Our findings document a potential mechanistic basis for sex-specific genetic variation, and identify the X as a reservoir for sexually dimorphic phenotypic variation. These results have general implications for X chromosome evolution, as well as the genetic basis of sex-specific evolutionary change