Preferences of others and false consensus effect

EnA Multi Expert Multi Criteria Decision Making problem is considered, in which a consensus model is guided by both consensus and false consensus effects. The consensus reaching process is guided automatically and it is modelled within OWA operators. Our study contributes by investigating the impact of the description of the choice option and the form of the judgement task on the magnitude of the agreement in the case of presence of the false consensus effect

A survey on pairwise comparison matrices over abelian linearly ordered groups

In this paper, we provide a survey of our results about the pairwise comparison matrices defined over abelian linearly ordered groups

The Logic of Probability: A Trip through Uncertainty

In real life we have to deal with uncertainty, imprecision and vagueness. Many ideas were introduced and studied in detail to manage with these problems. Now we briefly expose the main formal concepts which describe non-ideal situations, i.e. Probability, Statistics and Fuzzy Logic. Probability has recent origins with respect to other branches of mathematics which have deep roots in the past, like geometry or algebra.We may say all this started with Antoine Gombaud, Chevalier de Méré (1607–1684), who asked Blaise Pascal (1623–1662) about gambling with dice. The correspondence between Pierre de Fermat and Blaise Pascal, which began in 1654, initially on these questions, led to the introduction of basic concepts, i.e. probability and expectation. Only in 1657, Christian Huygens in "De Ratiociniis in ludo aleae" proposed a first systematic study of the new branch of mathematics. However, the need of an axiomatic construction of the theory of probability arose to analyze more general and complex situations than gambling. A strong formalization was supplied by the monograph "Foundations of the theory of probability" (1933) by Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov.Statistics represent the most popular application of probability theory, providing research tools in several areas, including physical and natural sciences, technology, psychology, economics and medicine. Statistics are the bridge that connects experimental data to the mathematical theory behind itself.Fuzzy logic, sometime confused with probability, wants to express and formalize all the sentences which are not true or false at all; the philosophical idea is that "everything is a matter of degree" (Zadeh). La logica della probabilità: un viaggio attraverso l’incertezzaNella vita reale ci si trova di fronte a molte situazioni caratterizzate da incertezza, imprecisione, vaghezza. Sono state introdotte diverse modellizzazioni per il trattamento di tali concetti e problemi. Ci proponiamo di esporre sinteticamente alcuni lineamenti fondamentali di Probabilità, Statistica e Fuzzy Logic.La probabilità ha origini recenti rispetto alle altre branche della matematica che hanno profonde radici nel passato, come la geometria o l’algebra.Possiamo dire che un passaggio iniziale importante si è avuto con Antoine Gombaud, Chevalier de Méré (1607-1684), che pose a Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) una questione riguardante il gioco dei dadi. La corrispondenza tra Pierre de Fermat e Blaise Pascal, che ha avuto inizio nel 1654, su questioni simili, ha portato all'introduzione di concetti di base, come probabilità e aspettativa. Successivamente Christian Huygens, in "De ludo Ratiociniis in aleae", ha proposto un primo studio sistematico della nuova branca della matematica. Tuttavia, la necessità di una costruzione assiomatica della teoria della probabilità sorse per l’esigenza di analizzare situazioni più generali e complesse rispetto al gioco d'azzardo. Una forte formalizzazione è stata fornita dalla monografia "Fondamenti della teoria della probabilità" (1933) di Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov.La statistica rappresenta l'applicazione più popolare della teoria della probabilità, fornendo strumenti di ricerca in diversi settori, tra cui le scienze fisiche e naturali, la tecnologia, la psicologia, l'economia e la medicina. In un certo senso essa rappresenta il ponte che collega i dati sperimentali con la teoria matematica.La Logica Fuzzy, da non confondere con la probabilità, si occupa del trattamento formale delle proposizioni di cui non si può affermare senza ambiguità che siano vere o false; l'idea filosofica è che "tutto è una questione di gradualità" (Zadeh).Parole Chiave: Incertezza, Probabilità, Statistica, Fuzz

AnnuityRIR: An R package to approximate the value of an annuity according to the non-central moments of the capitalization factor

The aim of this paper is to design the package of the R statistical software called “Annuity Random Interest Rate”, referred hereinafter as AnnuityRIR, in order to calculate the value of an n-annuity with payments of one unit each when the interest rate is random. To do this, we have employed different approaches; the two main methodologies treated in this study consider that all non-central moments of the capitalization factor are known, or contrarily some of them are unknown. Consequently, five different approaches have been developed and the practical application of the proposed methods is reflected in this paper by pricing an annuity with a random risk-free interest rate during the last ten years. The version is available from CRAN: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/AnnuityRIR/index.html

Comparing inconsistency of pairwise comparison matrices depending on entries

Pairwise comparisons have been a long-standing technique for comparing alternatives/criteria and their role has been pivotal in the development of modern decision-making methods. Since several types of pairwise comparison matrices (e.g., multiplicative, additive, fuzzy) are proposed in literature, in this paper, we investigate, for which type of matrix, decision-makers are more coherent when they express their subjective preferences. By performing an experiment, we found that the additive approach provides the worst level of coherence

Examining the Research on Business Information-Entropy Correlation in the Accounting Process of Organizations

Open business organizations, where information flows, is shared, and exchanged, are more prepared to adapt and survive chaos, uncertainty, and entropy, so they will be more predisposed to change management. The aim of this study is to analyze research trends at the international level on business information–entropy correlation in the accounting process of organizations. Mathematical and statistical techniques were applied to 980 articles during the period 1974–2020, obtaining results on the scientific productivity of the driving agents of this topic: authors, research institutions, countries/territories, and journals. Five lines of research were identified during the period analyzed, which mainly study information theory, maximum entropy, information entropy, decision-making, and enthalpy. Future research should focus on analyzing the evolution of this topic, which forms new thematic axes related to bitcoin market efficiency, business hierarchy information, business model evaluation systems, catastrophic economic collapse, corporate diversification, CSR reports affecting accounting conservatism, economic income accounting, and information loss. Currently, the research presents an upward trend, which allows a growing interest in the subject to be deduced in the academic and scientific community worldwide

Tourism, heritage and historical centers: cultural marketing strategies in Málaga

Nowadays, the recovery of historical centers has become a key reference to stimulate tourism and the development of this sector as an economic engine and source of wealth. Specifically, for Málaga, this has been a key factor to fuel tourism and economic development which apparently revert in a significant benefit for the municipality. Within the last decade Málaga has achieved to outstand among the most important cultural tourism destinations in the world thanks to a strong political push and the project leaded by the brand "Malaga City Museums". We propose the following communication analysis of the main actions that contribute to the financial recovery of Málaga taking advantage of a factor of great importance as it is tourism, given that we talk about the capital city of the Costa del Sol, and most importantly, its direct and potential impact on the economic activit