Sociologia critica e sociologia del lavoro: figlie di una stessa matrice a partire dagli anni ‘70 (Critical Sociology and Sociology of Work: Daughters of the Same Matrix Since the 1970s)

SuntoIl seguente lavoro intende esplorare il legame tra sociologia critica e sociologia del lavoro, due discipline che, pur sviluppatesi lungo traiettorie autonome, condividono una base teorica comune a partire dagli anni ’70. In questo periodo segnato da profondi cambiamenti socio-economici e politici, entrambe hanno posto al centro dell’analisi le disuguaglianze, il potere e la trasformazione del lavoro. Oggi, queste discipline offrono strumenti fondamentali per comprendere le sfide del lavoro in un contesto sempre più globale e frammentato. Di fronte a tali cambiamenti da un lato tornano ad emergere con forza alcuni temi classici come la giustizia sociale, l’inclusione e la richiesta di rappresentanza da parte delle categorie di lavoratori; dall’altra emergono temi inediti che meritano un’attenta considerazione e che sono legati ad esempio ai temi della sostenibilità, della digitalizzazione e delle nuove forme di attivismo.Keywords: sociologia critica; sociologia del lavoro; disuguaglianze sociali, rappresentanza sindacale.AbstractThe following work intends to explore the link between critical sociology and sociology of work, two disciplines that, although developing along autonomous trajectories, have shared a common theoretical basis since the 1970s. In this period marked by profound socio-economic and political changes, both have placed inequalities, power and the transformation of work at the centre of their analysis. Today, these disciplines offer fundamental tools to meet the challenges of work in an increasingly global and fragmented context. Faced with such changes, on the one hand, some classic themes such as social justice, inclusion and the demand for representation by categories of workers are forcefully re-emerging. On the other hand, new themes emerge that deserve careful consideration and that are linked for example to the themes of sustainability, digitalisation and new forms of activism.Keywords: critical sociology; sociology of work; social inequalities; Worker activis

Toth e il pensiero trans-euclideo in Aristotele (Toth and trans-euclidean thought in Aristotle)

Abstract For about 2000 years the postulate of parallels, enunciated by Euclid, was a source of doubts (postulate or theorem?) clarified with the birth of non-Euclidean geometry.In the light of this new knowledge of geometry, Toth, a Greek scholar and historian of mathematics, glimpses typical properties of geometry today defined as non-Euclidean in some writings of Aristotle. To clearly highlight free will, the Stagirite uses geometric examples partly taken from the geometry known at the time, partly uses its negation, that is, he shows, involuntarily, the presuppositions of the geometry that we know today as non-Euclidean, without delving into the possible logical coexistence of antithetical statements.This short note is an invitation to read Aristotle in a re-interpretative way.Keywords: Toth, Aristotle, free will, non-euclidean geometry.SuntoPer cica 2000 anni il postulato delle parallele, enunciato da Euclide, è stato fucina di dubbi (postulato o teorema?) chiariti con la nascita dela Geometria Non-Euclidea. Alla luce d queste nuove conoscenze di geometria, Toth, grecista e storico della matematica, in alcuni scritti di Aristotele intravede proprietà tipiche di geometria non euclidea. Lo Stagirita, per descrivere con rigore il libero arbitrio, usa esempi geometrici, in parte prelevati dalla geometria all’epoca nota, in parte ponendo la sua negazione, ovvero mostra, involontariamente, i presupposti della geometria, oggi definita non euclidea, senza approfondire la possibile coesistenza logica di affermazioni antitetiche. Questa breve nota è un invito alla lettura d’Aristotele in chiave re-interpretativa.Parole chiave: Toth, Aristotele, libero arbitrio, geometria non-euclidea

Intersex and Healthcare: A Narrative Review of Social Sciences Perspectives

Intersex individuals—those whose physical sex characteristics do not align with conventional male or female categories—encounter considerable challenges within healthcare systems, which often medicalize their bodies through invasive treatments aimed at “normalizing” their traits. This narrative review synthesizes key contributions from medical sociology, medical anthropology, and gender studies to examine the social processes that define, regulate, and often marginalize intersex identities in clinical contexts. Drawing on theoretical frameworks such as medicalization, biopower, stigma theory, intersectionality, and structural violence, the paper situates intersex healthcare within broader systems of normativity and control. It critiques the historical and contemporary role of healthcare institutions in reinforcing binary understandings of sex and gender, often at the cost of individual autonomy and psychosocial well-being. Comparative analyses with transgender healthcare reveal both shared and divergent mechanisms of institutional gatekeeping, underscoring the need for a justice-oriented, intersectional approach to care. This work ultimately advocates for systemic change in both healthcare delivery and policy, informed by sociological insight and intersex-led activism, emphasizing dignity, self-determination, and epistemic inclusion

From Experiment to Simulation: The Cartesian Error of Experience from Galileo to Turing

This paper reexamines the Turing Test by placing it within the broader history of experimentation. Challenging views that link Turing to a continuous scientific tradition from Galileo, it argues that the Imitation Game marks a key epistemological break. Whereas Galileo used experiment to connect observation with mathematical order, and Descartes internalized experience as formal representation, Turing transformed experiment into simulation—producing meaning through logic alone. This shift reveals AI not as a recent innovation, but as the outcome of a rationalist tradition that displaces experience with computation. The paper critiques this legacy and calls for restoring experience as central to knowledge

Connecting the Dots: Science, Philosophy, and the Great Mysteries of the Universe

This article highlights how even the great mysteries of the universe—such as what existed before the Big Bang, the concept of infinity, and the possible existence of a first or ultimate cause of the cosmos—can be answered in a specific way. Despite their importance, these topics have received limited attention within the academic community. In this essay, I emphasize the complexity of the ongoing debate surrounding issues such as the beginning and end of the universe and the origin of life, which has led to numerous new hypotheses in recent decades. I conclude that the great mysteries of the universe may be unraveled through tools such as artificial intelligence, contact with extraterrestrial civilizations, and the in-depth study of cosmological mathematics and information. This article demonstrates that science and philosophy can answer questions about the cosmos that humanity has pondered for centuries

Formazione dei docenti e Bildung: proposta teorica di un quadro di riferimento (Teacher Training and Bildung: Theoretical Proposal for a Framework)

AbstractTeaching diagrams will be introduced as an extension of Develay's teaching triangle, both to highlight teacher self-development and to correlate them with the categories of the Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching (MKT) framework. These diagrams and MKT are then contextualized within the philosophical-pedagogical framework of German Neohumanism (18th-19th centuries) and Gadamer's hermeneutics (20th century). This will constitute the proposed coordinated framework for teacher self-development, called BMDD.Keywords: teacher self-development; Bildung; Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching; Teaching diagrams.SuntoSi introdurranno i diagrammi didattici come ampliamento del triangolo didattico di Develay sia per evidenziare l'attività di auto-formazione del docente sia per correlarli alle categorie del quadro di riferimento della Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching (MKT). I suddetti diagrammi e la MKT sono, poi, contestualizzati nel quadro di riferimento filosofico-pedagogico della Bildung del Neoumanesimo tedesco (XVIII-XIX sec.) e con l'ermeneutica di Gadamer (XX sec.). Il tutto costituirà la proposta di quadro di riferimento coordinato per l'auto-formazione del docente denominato BMDD.Parole chiavi: auto-formazione docente; Bildung; Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching; diagrammi didattici

The Digital Cage. A Sociological Analysis of Algorithmic Bureaucracy as a Total System

This paper conducts a critical sociological analysis of digital bureaucracy, interrogating the dominant narrative that posits it as an efficient and democratic solution to the problems of traditional bureaucracy. Through a synthesis of classical theory (Weber, Foucault) and contemporary critique (Deleuze, Benasayag, Han, Eubanks), this paper argues that the “digital cage” tends to embody a form of power that is often more totalizing and potentially more insidious than the Weberian “iron cage”, especially in its current applications. The analysis unfolds along three interconnected lines of inquiry: 1) the eclipse of the human mediator and the consequent elimination of discretionary power and negotiation; 2) the transition from a disciplinary-panoptic model of control to a pervasive system of modular control, embedded within the very code of digital platforms; 3) the illusion of universal access, which masks the creation of new and deeper forms of social inequality and exclusion. The paper concludes that the digital cage, by combining the total visibility of the subject with the total opacity of the power mechanism, and by requiring the user’s active complicity, achieves a more sophisticated and resilient form of control, with profound implications for the future of citizenship and democracy

Data Mining Meets Logic: Situation-Based Modal Logic and Metadata Veracity

Logic and theoretical computer science are deeply interconnected, with logic forming a foundational pillar in the emergence of computer science. This connection has grown stronger over time, driven by advancements in symbolic systems within artificial intelligence, formal verification methods, and automated reasoning techniques. However, within the vast landscape of computer science, data science remains an area where the link to logic is relatively underdeveloped. In this paper, I apply algebraic logic to address an urgent challenge for data scientists: metadata veracity. Inspired byWillard Van Orman Quine’s well-known slogan, “No entity without identity”, I propose, “No data without metadata”, underscoring the importance of descriptive metadata in scientific articles. The central idea of my framework is that the geometric zones of a scientific article – with its atomic metadata – , correspond to an algebraic situation space. Consequently, I develop a situation-based semantics grounded on the idea that situations are portions of a possible world, a possible world is a PDF document and that sentences point to situations and describe what is going on in them. Applying mathematical logic tools to data mining enables a rigorous framework for defining metadata veracity, offering a structured approach to assess the accuracy and reliability of extracted information

Collimations & Quasi-coincidences (for fuzzy points & singletons)

AbstractIn fuzzy set theory, the membership is a flexible, non-dichotomous relationship, whereby the concepts of fuzzy point, element and singleton are different from the corresponding definitions of ordinary sets. Furthermore, they are not consolidated and stable concepts. In the development of theory, these concepts, being marginal, have not been explored in depth: each author has limited himself to proposing definitions appropriate for his own purposes. In this short note, we provide an overview of solutions adopted by various authors, as well as some terminological suggestions, hoping that someone will take up the baton.Keywords: fuzzy point, fuzzy singleton, collimation, quasi-coincidence, median fuzzy set. Sunto Nella teoria degli insiemi fuzzy l’appartenenza è una relazione flessibile, non dicotomica, per cui i concetti di punto, singoletto ed elemento fuzzy si discostano dalle corrispondenti definizioni degli insiemi ordinari. Inoltre, non sono concetti consolidati e stabili. Nello sviluppo della teoria, questi concetti, essendo marginali, non sono stati approfonditi: ogni autore si è limitato a proporre definizioni opportune per le proprie finalità. In questa breve nota, noi mostriamo una panoramica di soluzioni adottate dai vari autori, nonché alcuni suggerimenti terminologici, sperando che qualcuno raccolga il testimone.Parole chiave: punto fuzzy, singoletto fuzzy, collimazione, quasi-coincidenza, insieme fuzzy mediano

La Macchina Narrativa della Fiction Italiana: Memoria, Storia e Sapere Implicito ne La meglio gioventù, L’amica geniale, 1992 ed Esterno notte (The Narrative Machine of Italian Fiction: Memory, History, and Tacit Knowledge in “La meglio gioventù”, “L’amica geniale”, “1992” and “Esterno notte”)

SuntoSin dalle sue origini la televisione italiana ha rappresentato un medium fondamentale per la costruzione di narrazioni collettive e di un sapere diffuso, contribuendo alla formazione dell’identità culturale nazionale. Lo studio sottolinea l’importanza fondamentale di un’analisi storica della televisione italiana per comprendere appieno le dinamiche narrative che caratterizzano la fiction contemporanea. Attraverso questa lente storica, si evidenzia come la fiction non sia semplicemente un prodotto di intrattenimento, ma un dispositivo culturale complesso che contribuisce attivamente alla formazione del senso pubblico. La capacità delle fiction analizzate — da La meglio gioventù (Rai 1, 2003) a L’amica geniale (Rai 1, 2018) da 1992 (Sky, 2015) a Esterno notte (Rai 1, 2022) — di tradurre eventi storici, tensioni sociali e trasformazioni culturali in narrazioni coinvolgenti e accessibili dimostra il loro ruolo cruciale nella costruzione di una memoria collettiva condivisa.Parole chiave: fiction italiana; storia della televisione; serialità; narrazioni; memoria; cronaca; AbstractSince its inception, Italian television has functioned as a pivotal medium in the construction of collective narratives and the dissemination of culturally embedded knowledge, actively contributing to the shaping of national identity. This study underscores the critical importance of a historically grounded analysis of Italian television as a means to fully apprehend the narrative mechanisms that characterize contemporary serialized fiction. Viewed through this historical framework, television fiction emerges not merely as a vehicle of entertainment, but as a complex cultural apparatus engaged in the ongoing production of public discourse and shared meaning.The selected case studies — La meglio gioventù (Rai 1, 2003), L’amica geniale (Rai 1, 2018), 1992 (Sky, 2015), and Esterno notte (Rai 1, 2022) — exemplify the capacity of contemporary Italian fiction to narrativize historical events, socio-political tensions, and cultural transformations through accessible yet multilayered storytelling. These productions do not merely reflect Italian history but actively participate in the reconfiguration of its public memory, offering narrative frameworks through which audiences engage with the past and negotiate present identities. As such, fiction becomes a privileged site for the elaboration of a shared symbolic repertoire and the circulation of historically resonant imaginaries.Keywords: Italian fiction; television history; seriality; narratives; memory; current event