APLICAÇÃO DE TÉCNICAS ESTATÍSTICAS MULTIVARIADAS A INDICADORES CONTÁBEIS: UMA CONTRIBUIÇÃO DE EVIDENCIAÇÃO DAS MÉTRICAS CONTÁBEIS

The accounting, the source of economic and financial information of a company, have been major focus of research in recent years. The performance analysis or solvency of companies, from financial indicators, it is a theme present in the daily life of the various economic agents, particularly investors, lenders and financial institutions. However there are questions about reaching their objectives are still enough evident by its users in order to provide them with adequate information to make decisions (LAURENT, 2004, p.10). Therefore, this research attempts, through the financial and economic indicators, develop alternative statistical models in order to help assess the financial performance of manufacturing companies with publicly traded. By means of database Economática® was possible to obtain 24 indicators of the manufacturing sector companies with shares traded on the BOVESPA from 2004-2008. The use of factorial analysis allowed grouping into five factors (indicators) the financial ratios considered important, explaining 76.07% of total data variability. After defined the most important factors, applied statistical techniques of discriminant analysis and logistic regression to identify which model is more effective in the classification of these companies as "efficient" and "inefficient". The results shown in this study, present evidence to the multivariate models can be used as alternative methods to assess the performance of companies with publicly traded.A contabilidade, fonte de informações econômicas e financeiras de uma empresa, tem sido grande foco de estudos nos últimos anos. A análise do desempenho ou solvência das empresas, a partir dos indicadores contábeis, é um tema que presente no cotidiano dos diversos agentes econômicos, em particular os investidores, credores e entidades financeiras. Porém, questionamentos a respeito do alcance de seus objetivos ainda são bastante evidenciados por parte de seus usuários, no sentido de supri-los com informações adequadas para a tomada de decisões. Dessa forma, essa pesquisa busca, por meio dos indicadores econômico-financeiros, desenvolver modelos estatísticos alternativos com o objetivo de contribuir para o estudo do desempenho financeiro das empresas manufatureiras com capital aberto. Por meio do banco de dados Economática® foi possível obter 24 indicadores de empresas do setor manufatureiro com ações negociadas na BM&FBovespa. O uso de análise fatorial possibilitou agrupar em sete fatores (indicadores) os índices econômico-financeiros considerados importantes, explicando 76,07% da variabilidade total dos dados. Após definidos os fatores mais importantes, aplicaram-se as técnicas estatísticas de análise discriminante e regressão logística para identificar qual modelo é mais eficaz na classificação dessas empresas como “eficientes” e “ineficientes”. Os resultados evidenciados nesta pesquisa apresentam indícios de que os modelos multivariados podem ser empregados como métodos alternativos, para avaliar o desempenho das empresas com capital aberto

Facies analysis and petrography of a section of the Crato Member in Nova Olinda (CE): contributions to the depositional and diagenetic history of the Late Aptian in the Araripe Basin

The Crato Member is one of the most important stratigraphic units of the Araripe Basin due to its fossil content, its context analogous to the Brazilian “Pre-Salt Layers”, and its use as covering stone. Facies and petrographic analyses were combined in our study of a section of the Crato Member in Nova Olinda (State of Ceará, Brazil), aiming to investigate its depositional and diagenetic history. Thus, we analysed the faciology of a continuous columnar section ca. 70 m thick, and collected 13 samples of limestones, sandstones and evaporites. The collected samples were analysed by optical petrography. Five depositional facies were described: massive marly mudstone (Lm), laminated calcilutite (Cl), almost-massive arenite (Am), siltite with climbing ripple lamination (Scc), and columnar evaporite (Ec). The thickest and recurrent facies were interpreted as lacustrine (Lm, Cl), followed by alluvial successions (Am, Scc) interbedded between the lacustrine ones. The succession finishes with faciological evidences for extreme arid conditions (Ec) reached at the end of the interval. The petrography, here focused on rocks of facies Cl, Aqm, and Scc, reinforces the idea of an arid lacustrine system for the local Aptian Stage, and that this system was fed by immature alluvial flows coming from close source areas. Particularly, the very low grade of mechanical compaction and incipient cementation of the terrigenous rocks suggest that the succession as a whole was barely affected by diagenesis after burial that, for this reason, was shallow. The resemblance of the Crato Member terrigenous intervals to the ones of the final of the underlying Barbalha Formation suggests contemporaneity and transitional retrograding passage from one unit to another.Na Bacia do Araripe, o Membro Crato é uma das mais importantes unidades estratigráficas por seu conteúdo fossilífero, seu contexto análogo ao das “Camadas Pré-Sal” e seu aproveitamento econômico como material de revestimento. Neste trabalho, análises de fácies e petrográficas foram combinadas no estudo de uma seção do Membro Crato em Nova Olinda (CE), com o intuito de investigar sua história deposicional e diagenética. Para tanto, a faciologia de uma seção colunar contínua de cerca de 70 m de espessura foi analisada com a coleta de 13 amostras de rochas carbonáticas, siliciclásticas e evaporíticas. As amostras foram analisadas por petrografia ótica. Foram descritas cinco fácies deposicionais: lamito margoso (Lm), calcilutito laminado (Cl), arenito maciço (Am), siltito com laminação cruzada cavalgante (Scc) e evaporito colunar (Ec). As fácies mais espessas e recorrentes foram interpretadas como lacustres (Lm, Cl), seguidas de sucessões aluviais (Am, Scc) em meio aos intervalos lacustres. A sucessão termina com indícios faciológicos de que condições de extrema aridez (Ec) foram atingidas ao final do intervalo descrito. A petrografia, aqui focada em rochas das fácies Cl, Am e Scc, reforça a ideia de que o intervalo do Aptiano local correspondia a um sistema lacustre árido, eventualmente alimentado por fluxos aluviais imaturos a partir de áreas-fontes próximas. Em particular, o baixíssimo grau de compactação mecânica e cimentação incipiente das rochas terrígenas sugere que a sucessão foi pouco afetada por diagênese após seu soterramento, que foi, por essa razão, pouco profundo. A semelhança dos intervalos terrígenos do Membro Crato com aqueles descritos para a porção final da sotoposta Formação Barbalha sugere contemporaneidade com passagem transicional retrogradante entre as duas unidades

Facies analysis and petrography of a section of the crato member in Nova Olinda (CE): contributions to the depositional and diagenetic history of the Late Aptian in the Araripe Basin

sem InformaçãoNa Bacia do Araripe, o Membro Crato é uma das mais importantes unidades estratigráficas por seu conteúdo fossilífero, seu contexto análogo ao das “Camadas Pré-Sal” e seu aproveitamento econômico como material de revestimento. Neste trabalho, análises de f171318sem Informaçãosem Informaçãosem Informaçã

Brazilian consensus on guidelines for diagnosis and treatment for restless legs syndrome

The Consensus on restless legs syndrome is an effort of neurologists from several Brazilian states, which tirelessly reviewed the literature of recent years in search of evidence, both in regard to diagnosis and treatment, according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine.Serv Neurol & Neurocirurgia, Passo Fundo, RS, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med Ribeirao Preto, BR-14049 Ribeirao Preto, SP, BrazilClin Carlos Bacelar, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psicobiol, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Moinhos Vento, BR-90560030 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Neurol, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Alagoas, Fac Med, Maceio, AL, BrazilUniv Fed Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BrazilClin Rio Sono, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Fac Med, Hosp Clin, São Paulo, BrazilPontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Brasilia, Fac Med, Brasilia, DF, BrazilHosp Clin Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilProSSono Ctr Med Sono, Ribeirao Preto, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psicobiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Neurol, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ