A marca que sinaliza: o cutting no instante em que diz no corpo

The article analyzes the phenomenon of self-mutilation and its relationship with the subject who experiences it. The study was carried out as part of a course conclusion work, in which, through the “instant to say” method, this research was developed based on two cases of selfharm in the city of Araguaína - Tocantins. Inspired by Psychoanalysis assumptions, its theoretical constitutions were considered to think and analyze the phenomenon in question in the singular reality of the participant. It was possible to observe that the cuts in the body signal the records of the unnamed and that often comes as the subject's only response to what is presented to him as pain and suffering. In addition, love as something multifaceted and polysemic enters this scenario as one of the possible solutions to the problem of human existence. Thus, it is noted the importance of creating spaces for listening that welcomes the participant's insurmountable pain and tries to transform it into symbolized pain, giving rise to what is made of flesh or stone in the subject, as a place of emptiness, something new which will only be something to the extent that it is given meaning in what is not yet known, but refers to its own breadth.O artigo analisa o fenômeno da automutilação e a sua relação com o sujeito que a vivencia. O estudo foi realizado no âmbito de um trabalho de conclusão de curso, no qual, por meio do método “instante de dizer”, foi desenvolvido essa pesquisa com base em dois casos de autolesão na cidade de Araguaína – Tocantins. Inspirados em pressupostos da Psicanálise, considerou-se suas constituições teóricas para pensar e analisar o fenômeno em questão na realidade singular do (a) participante. Foi possível observar que os cortes no corpo sinalizam os registros do não nomeável e que muitas vezes vem como a única resposta do sujeito diante daquilo que se apresenta a ele enquanto dor e sofrimento. Além disso, o amor como algo multifacetado e polissêmico entra nesse cenário como uma das possíveis saídas para o problema da existência humana. Assim, nota-se a importância de criar espaços de escuta que acolhe a dor inassimilável do (a) participante e tenta transformá-la em dor simbolizada, fazendo nascer do que está feita de carne ou de pedra no sujeito, quanto lugar de vazio, algo novo o qual só será alguma coisa na medida em que lhe é dado significação naquilo que ainda não se sabe, mas se refere a sua própria largueza

Impact of paclobutrazol on gibberellin-like substances and soluble carbohydrates in pear trees grown in tropical semiarid

Given that Brazilian pear production is unable to meet the annual demand, to consider the possible expansion to non traditional growing regions, turns interesting. Even though under tropical semi-arid conditions pear trees have vigorous vegetative growth, a negative influence on flower bud differentiation and formation affects fruit yield. Our study aimed to evaluate the inhibition efficiency of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on gibberellin biosynthesis, vegetative growth, and carbohydrate production in two pear-treecultivars (‘Santa Maria’ and ‘Hosui’) grown under semi-arid conditions. To this end, two experiments were conducted, one for each pear-tree cultivar. The experimental designs consisted of randomized blocks, with factorial arrangement (5x2x4), corresponding to PBZ doses (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g per linear meter of plant canopy), PBZ application forms (soil and foliar), and evaluation dates (30, 60, 90, and 120 days after application). Both soil and foliar applications inhibited gibberellin biosynthesis in both cultivars, especially after 120 days of application. PBZ affected leaf total soluble carbohydrates and reduced sprout growth in both cultivars. Although PBZ can be potentially used in pear management, further studies are still required to determine specific management practices in tropical semi-arid zones. Highlights: Inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis is more efficient with soil application of paclobutrazol. Soil application of paclobutrazol results in greater production of carbohydrates. There is a difference in sensitivity to the effects of paclobutrazol among pear varieties. The non-application of paclobutrazol results in late maturation of the branches, compromising floral induction.Given that Brazilian pear production is unable to meet the annual demand, to consider the possible expansion to non traditional growing regions, turns interesting. Even though under tropical semi-arid conditions pear trees have vigorous vegetative growth, a negative influence on flower bud differentiation and formation affects fruit yield. Our study aimed to evaluate the inhibition efficiency of paclobutrazol (PBZ) on gibberellin biosynthesis, vegetative growth, and carbohydrate production in two pear-treecultivars (‘Santa Maria’ and ‘Hosui’) grown under semi-arid conditions. To this end, two experiments were conducted, one for each pear-tree cultivar. The experimental designs consisted of randomized blocks, with factorial arrangement (5x2x4), corresponding to PBZ doses (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g per linear meter of plant canopy), PBZ application forms (soil and foliar), and evaluation dates (30, 60, 90, and 120 days after application). Both soil and foliar applications inhibited gibberellin biosynthesis in both cultivars, especially after 120 days of application. PBZ affected leaf total soluble carbohydrates and reduced sprout growth in both cultivars. Although PBZ can be potentially used in pear management, further studies are still required to determine specific management practices in tropical semi-arid zones. Highlights: Inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis is more efficient with soil application of paclobutrazol. Soil application of paclobutrazol results in greater production of carbohydrates. There is a difference in sensitivity to the effects of paclobutrazol among pear varieties. The non-application of paclobutrazol results in late maturation of the branches, compromising floral induction

Compatibility of fungicides with Trichoderma asperelloides and Azospirillum brasilense

The use of fungicides to control agricultural diseases has been increasing in agriculture. Thus, the biological control using fungus is an effective tool in the integrated diseases management. This study aimed to evaluate the compatibility of fungicides Certeza, Apron and Vitavax on the microorganisms Trichoderma asperelloides and Azospirillum brasilense. The experiments were conducted in vitro in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement 2 x 3 with three replications. The first factor composed of two doses and the second referred to the fungicides. The microorganisms were developed in PDA medium. After the medium has solidified, in a flow layer 10 µL of the fungal solution was added to each plate with the aid of an automatic pipette (D1, recommended dose; D2, double of recommended dose). Then, each Petri plate was centrally inoculated with a disc of Trichoderma asperelloides, in addition to the uninoculated control. For Azospirillum brasilense, the colony surface was scraped with the aid of a sterilized Drigalsky loop. Then, the filter of discs paper was dipped in the fungicides solution and placed on the medium surface. After this process, the plates were incubated in a BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) at 26±2ºC and photoperiod 12 h. The parameters evaluated were a mycelial growth and sporulation. The results showed that there was no significant interaction between the factors. The fungicides Certeza (Tiofanato metílico + Fluazinam), Apron (Fludioxonil + Metalaxil-M) and Vitavax (Carboxina + Tiram) are considered compatible with Trichoderma asperelloides and Azospirillum brasilense. The fungicides can be used in an integrated disease management practices, priority must be given to use the products that have been shown to be less harmful

STUDY OF POTENTIAL ENDOPHYTES IN CONTROL OF THE CAUSAL AGENT IN TOMATO FUSARIOSIS

RESUMO: O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a capacidade antimicrobiana in vitro, de diferentes extratos de fungos endofíticos, como alternativa no biocontrole de Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. Foram obtidos oito isolados endofíticos de plantas do Cerrado Maranhense e de interesse econômico, a saber: aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão), jenipapo (Genipa americana L.), milho (Zea Mays L.), mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), vinagreira (Hibiscus sabidariffa L.) e graviola (Annona muricata L.). Os isolados endofiticos das espécies foram identificados em Aspergillus niger e Penicillium italicum, com características morfológicas distintas entre as colônias e todos os isolados endofíticos verificou-se crescimento mediano. Para a atividade antimicrobiana, foi realizada a extração dos metabólitos dos isolados endofiticos com os solventes: Acetato de Etila, Clorofórmio e Diclorometano, posteriormente realizado o bioensaio através do confronto direto do antagonista (endófito) sobre o Fusarium Oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, raça 1, pelo método de difusão em ágar. Os extratos dos isolados endofíticos obtidos do solvente Clorofórmio apresentaram capacidade inibitória, assim interferindo no crescimento do Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici raça. Que foram provenientes do caule milho (II) e de jenipapo, com diâmetros de 13mm e 11mm, respectivamente, os outros extratos dos isolados apresentaram halos de inibição inferior. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: antibiose, controle biológico, fitopatógeno.ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the ability antimicrobial in vitro of different extracts of endophytic fungi as an alternative in biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. Eight endophytic isolates were obtained from plants of the Cerrado Maranhense and economic interest, namely: mastic (Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão), jenipapo (Genipa americana L.), maize (Zea Mays L.), cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), vinegar (Hibiscus sabidariffa L.) and soursop (Annona muricata L.). The isolated endophytic species were identified in Aspergillus niger and Penicillium italicum, with distinct morphological characteristics between the colonies and all endophytic growth medium was found. Antimicrobial activity was performed to extract the metabolites of endophytic isolates with solvents: Ethyl Acetate, Chloroform and Dichloromethane subsequently performed bioassay through direct confrontation of the antagonist (endophyte) on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici race 1, by agar diffusion method. The extracts of endophytic isolates obtained from solvent Chloroform showed inhibitory capacity, thus interfering with the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici race 1 were derived stem corn (II) and jenipapo with diameters of 13 mm and 11 mm, respectively, the other extracts of the isolates showed inhibition halos below.   KEYWORD: antibiosis, biological control, plant pathogen

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved