27 research outputs found
The level of outsourced tasks in IT and its dependence on selected explanatory factors
PURPOSE: The main aim of this article is to determine the impact of selected factors on the
level of activities outsourced in the organization to IT outsourcing (ITO). This goal was
achieved by building a structural model where the modeled value was the level of
outsourced IT activities. Next, it was indicated the factors that have a stimulating and
limiting effect on the modeled quantity, and to determine the level of influence. The model
was tested on data from economic practice (large Polish organizations).DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A critical study by review literature and descriptive
analysis method, with empirical and formal methods. For the collection of data, the
research tool used is a questionnaire, statistical methods were applied to construct the
research model and test the hypotheses with structural equations methodology.FINDINGS: The seven variables had an impact on the level of ITO. The stimulating effect had
benefits of this service, reasons for using ITO (onshoring and offshoring), factors of a
successful relationship with the service provider and factors determining the choice of an
ITO service provider. The limiting effect had the risk factors of ITO (onshoring). The risk
factors of ITO (offshoring) had a stimulating effect.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The model shows factors that have a stimulating and limiting effect
on the level of ITO. This allows the management of an organization that uses ITO or has the
intention to do so, and organizations that provide outsourcing services in the IT area, to
pay attention to particularly important factors and to ignore factors that are not important.ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Construction of the structural model of the level of outsourced IT
activities. Identification of factors that stimulate and restrict the level of outsourced IT
activities, and determination of the level of impact of these factors on the modeled variable.peer-reviewe
A longitudinal analysis of IT outsourcing in large Polish organizations
PURPOSE: The purpose of the research was to determine the dynamics of the development of
information technology outsourcing (ITO) in large organizations in Poland. The
development of onshoring and offshoring was examined, the types and forms of services
most commonly outsourced, the recipients of services within the organization, multisourcing, contract duration, method of payment, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on
ITO, and the organization’s plans for ITO.DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Longitudinal methods (extracting over time, mapping,
visualization) were used. A diagnostic survey was used to collect data on ITO, the research
tool was a survey questionnaire. Data was collected using the CATI (Computer Added
Telephone Interview) method in the periods January-February 2016 and January-February
2021. Each time, 200 large organizations in Poland participated in the research. The
research problem concerned the dynamics of ITO development in Poland. The research
questions included the determination of the dynamics of ITO development assessed from the
client's side, the types and forms of services that are developing most dynamically, changes
in the features of outsourcing contracts, the exchange of enterprises regarding ITO and the
impact of the pandemic on ITO activities.FINDINGS: The use of IT outsourcing in large organizations in Poland is growing, the rate of
development dynamics by a big percent, especially in relation to offshoring. Outsourcing of
more complex and business-critical activities and the use of cloud services are growing.
Specialization and multi-sourcing are on the rise. Outsourcing contracts tend to be signed
for a short period of time or the duration of the contract depends on the specifics of the
project. However, there is a tendency to extend cooperation in outsourcing. The most
common form of payment for services is a fixed price, although there is a trend towards
other forms of payment. The COVID-19 pandemic had a weak but rather positive effect on
the use of outsourcing. Companies plan to maintain the current relationship between internal
and external services or expand ITO. These trends are expected to continue.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: ITO suppliers may be advised to specialize their services and offer
a wider range. Customers – prudent supplier selection and multi-sourcing.ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The trends in the development of IT outsourcing in large organizations
in Poland and changes occurring in outsourcing contacts were determined.peer-reviewe
TRAÇOS CARACTERIZADORES DO CONSTITUCIONALISMO CONTEMPORÂNEO: UM DEBATE SOBRE NEOCONSTITUCIONALISMO(S)
O presente trabalho possui a premissa de verificar os traços que são determinantes da era do constitucionalismo contemporâneo e a construção do cenário para o surgimento do neoconstitucionalismo. O arcabouço jurÃdico (neo)constitucionalista emerge a partir da dialética acerca da temática no final do século 19. O método de abordagem utilizado para o presente estudo foi o dialético, por ser um fenômeno de contradição inerente à temática, bem como o método de procedimento histórico e comparativo e a técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica.
NMR hyperpolarization techniques of gases
Nuclear spin polarization can be significantly increased through the process of hyperpolarization, leading to an increase in the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments by 4–8 orders of magnitude. Hyperpolarized gases, unlike liquids and solids, can often be readily separated and purified from the compounds used to mediate the hyperpolarization processes. These pure hyperpolarized gases enabled many novel MRI applications including the visualization of void spaces, imaging of lung function, and remote detection. Additionally, hyperpolarized gases can be dissolved in liquids and can be used as sensitive molecular probes and reporters. This Minireview covers the fundamentals of the preparation of hyperpolarized gases and focuses on selected applications of interest to biomedicine and materials science
Co-creación en lÃnea: estudio piloto comparativo sobre polonia, ucrania y España
The article presents the process of co-creation on the Internet as an innovative method of product and service innovation development by modern companies. The aim of the article is to present the process of co-creating products on the Internet based on desk studies and own pilot surveys conducted on respondents from three countries: Poland, Ukraine and Spain. The research methods included: desk research, online diagnostic survey in three countries, and statistical methods. The hypothesis is made that the participation of contributors is higher for longer traditions of using the Internet and availability of the Internet in a given country. The main respective hypothesis, which has a high degree of generality, could not be confirmed by the analysis of the rather limited amount of data collected through the survey. To properly test this hypothesis, a considerably wider sample would have been required. However, specific hypotheses have been confirmed or partially confirmed. On the basis of deliberations, author’s division of the online co-creation process into stages was also presented. The conclusions provide recommendations for entrepreneurs intending to engage their clients in products and services co-creation on the Internet and the opportunities for further research.El artÃculo presenta el proceso de co-creación en Internet como un método innovador
de desarrollo de innovación de productos y servicios por parte de las empresas modernas. El objetivo
del artÃculo es presentar el proceso de co-creación de productos en Internet a partir de estudios
documentales y encuestas piloto propias realizadas con encuestados de tres paÃses: polonia, ucrania
y España. los métodos de investigación incluyeron: investigación documental, encuesta de
diagnóstico en lÃnea en tres paÃses y métodos estadÃsticos. la hipótesis es que la participación de los
contribuyentes es mayor para las tradiciones más largas de uso de Internet y la disponibilidad de
Internet en un paÃs determinado. la principal hipótesis respectiva, que tiene un alto grado de
generalidad, no pudo ser confirmada por el análisis de la cantidad bastante limitada de datos
recopilados a través de la encuesta. para probar adecuadamente esta hipótesis, se habrÃa requerido
una muestra considerablemente más amplia. Sin embargo, las hipótesis especÃficas han sido
confirmadas o parcialmente confirmadas. Sobre la base de las deliberaciones, también se presentó
la división del autor del proceso de co-creación en lÃnea en etapas. las conclusiones proporcionan
recomendaciones para los empresarios que intentan involucrar a sus clientes en la co-creación de
productos y servicios en Internet y las oportunidades para futuras investigaciones
Generations of the development of it outsourcing in Poland
Generacja rozwoju outsourcingu informatycznego w Polsc
Photophysics and Release Kinetics of Enzyme-Activatable Optical Probes Based on H‑Dimerized Fluorophores on Self-Immolative Linkers
A series
of activatable optical probes for the model enzyme penicillin
G amidase based on intramolecular formation of non-fluorescent H-dimer
between two identical dyes were synthesized. The probes are based
on a self-immolative linker, which allows positioning both dyes in
close spatial proximity to ensure efficient quenching of probes with
absorption and fluorescence emission in the near-infrared (NIR) range.
A detailed photophysical investigation of the novel optical probes
led to a revision of a previously anticipated quenching mechanism
and revealed their potential for optimizing the performance of activatable
probes based on H-dimer formation. A kinetic analysis indicated that
the fluorescence progress curves can be used to qualitatively extract
enzyme kinetic parameters
Chiral, J‑Aggregate-Forming Dyes for Alternative Signal Modulation Mechanisms in Self-Immolative Enzyme-Activatable Optical Probes
Enzyme-activatable
optical probes are important for future advances
in cancer imaging, but may easily suffer from low signal-to-background
ratios unless not optimized. To address this shortcoming, numerous
mechanisms to modulate the fluorescence signal have been explored.
We report herein newly synthesized probes based on self-immolative
linkers containing chiral J-aggregate-forming dyes. Signal modulation
by formation of chiral J-aggregates is yet unexplored in optical enzyme
probe design. The comprehensive characterization of the probes by
absorption, CD, fluorescence, and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy
revealed dye–dye interactions not observed for the free dyes
in solution as well as dye–protein interactions with the enzyme.
This suggested that J-aggregate formation is challenging to achieve
with current probe design and that interactions of the dyes with the
enzyme may interfere with achieving high signal-to-background ratios.
The detailed understanding of the interactions provided herein provides
valuable guidelines for the future design of similar probes