Fertilizer Use in Southern Missouri

Document presented at the White River conference in Springfield, MO.Total fertilizer use in Missouri has trended upward from 1990 through 2000. Total tonnage used throughout the state in 1990 was 1,577,553 tons which was made up of 378,837 tons of Nitrogen, 158,972 tons of available phosphate, and 227,828 tons of soluble potash. 1996 showed an increase in tonnage to 1,611,227 total tons, but a combination of increase and decrease in components, 410,151 tons of Nitrogen, 156,058 tons of available phosphate, and 230,488 tons of soluble potash. The upward trend continued through 2000 with total tonnage 1,945,575 tons comprised of actual plant food: 474,334 tons nitrogen, 190,148 tons of available phosphate and 264,881 tons of soluble potash

Prospectus, December 9, 2004

https://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_2004/1030/thumbnail.jp

Kamo ide hrvatsko maloljetničko kazneno zakonodavstvo? - 1. dio

U radu se obrađuje kazneni postupak prema maloljetnicima pred sudom za mladež u svjetlu predstojećih izmjena Zakona o sudovima za mladež. Autor, najprije, ukazuje na bitne značajke hrvatskog kaznenog postupka prema maloljetnicima, te analizira kako su u postojeće maloljetničko zakonodavstvo ugrađena temeljna procesna prava maloljetnika iz odgovarajućih međunarodnih dokumenata (tzv. Pekinška pravila, Konvencija o pravima djeteta). Usporedni pregled organizacije i nadležnosti sudova za maloljetnike u 12 europskih zemalja pokazuje da u Europi dominiraju dva modela maloljetničkog pravosuđa: sudski i zaštitni model. S obzirom na dominantnu ulogu suca za mladež tijekom čitavog kaznenog postupka prema maloljetnicima, hrvatski sud za mladež može se ubrojiti u welfare model po kojemu sudac za mladež vrši ne samo istražnu funkciju u pripremnom postupku, nego i sudsku funkciju u postupku pred vijećem za mladež. Nakon prikaza i analize odluke Europskog suda za ljudska prava u predmetu Nortier v. The Netherlands koja se može primijeniti i na naše maloljetničko pravosuđe, te prikaza rezultata ankete provedene među sucima za mladež u Hrvatskoj, autor dolazi do zaključka da objedinjenje istražne i sudske funkcije kod suca za mladež ne predstavlja kršenje prava maloljetnika na nepristran sud iz čl. 6. st. 1. Konvencije za zaštitu ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda. Na kraju rada autor ukazuje na eventualne posljedice do kojih bi moglo doći uslijed dosljednog odvajanja istražne i sudske funkcije u postupku pred sudom za mladež

Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The uncertainty on the calorimeter energy response to jets of particles is derived for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First, the calorimeter response to single isolated charged hadrons is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo simulation using proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 900 GeV and 7 TeV collected during 2009 and 2010. Then, using the decay of K_s and Lambda particles, the calorimeter response to specific types of particles (positively and negatively charged pions, protons, and anti-protons) is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo predictions. Finally, the jet energy scale uncertainty is determined by propagating the response uncertainty for single charged and neutral particles to jets. The response uncertainty is 2-5% for central isolated hadrons and 1-3% for the final calorimeter jet energy scale.Comment: 24 pages plus author list (36 pages total), 23 figures, 1 table, submitted to European Physical Journal

Toward an internally consistent astronomical distance scale

Accurate astronomical distance determination is crucial for all fields in astrophysics, from Galactic to cosmological scales. Despite, or perhaps because of, significant efforts to determine accurate distances, using a wide range of methods, tracers, and techniques, an internally consistent astronomical distance framework has not yet been established. We review current efforts to homogenize the Local Group's distance framework, with particular emphasis on the potential of RR Lyrae stars as distance indicators, and attempt to extend this in an internally consistent manner to cosmological distances. Calibration based on Type Ia supernovae and distance determinations based on gravitational lensing represent particularly promising approaches. We provide a positive outlook to improvements to the status quo expected from future surveys, missions, and facilities. Astronomical distance determination has clearly reached maturity and near-consistency.Comment: Review article, 59 pages (4 figures); Space Science Reviews, in press (chapter 8 of a special collection resulting from the May 2016 ISSI-BJ workshop on Astronomical Distance Determination in the Space Age

Jet energy measurement with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV

The jet energy scale and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 38 pb-1. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with distance parameters R=0. 4 or R=0. 6. Jet energy and angle corrections are determined from Monte Carlo simulations to calibrate jets with transverse momenta pT≥20 GeV and pseudorapidities {pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy systematic uncertainty is estimated using the single isolated hadron response measured in situ and in test-beams, exploiting the transverse momentum balance between central and forward jets in events with dijet topologies and studying systematic variations in Monte Carlo simulations. The jet energy uncertainty is less than 2. 5 % in the central calorimeter region ({pipe}η{pipe}<0. 8) for jets with 60≤pT<800 GeV, and is maximally 14 % for pT<30 GeV in the most forward region 3. 2≤{pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy is validated for jet transverse momenta up to 1 TeV to the level of a few percent using several in situ techniques by comparing a well-known reference such as the recoiling photon pT, the sum of the transverse momenta of tracks associated to the jet, or a system of low-pT jets recoiling against a high-pT jet. More sophisticated jet calibration schemes are presented based on calorimeter cell energy density weighting or hadronic properties of jets, aiming for an improved jet energy resolution and a reduced flavour dependence of the jet response. The systematic uncertainty of the jet energy determined from a combination of in situ techniques is consistent with the one derived from single hadron response measurements over a wide kinematic range. The nominal corrections and uncertainties are derived for isolated jets in an inclusive sample of high-pT jets. Special cases such as event topologies with close-by jets, or selections of samples with an enhanced content of jets originating from light quarks, heavy quarks or gluons are also discussed and the corresponding uncertainties are determined. © 2013 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration