Schulische Integration Hörgeschädigter in Bayern

In der vorliegenden Untersuchung lag das Ziel in der Erfassung der unterrichtlichen Integrationssituation einzelintegrierter hörgeschädigter Schüler an allgemeinen Schulen unter hörgeschädigtenspezifischen didaktisch-methodischen Kriterien. Dabei wurde - neben einem grundsätzlichen Vorhandensein dieser Kriterien - u.a. deren Einflussnahme auf die Aufmerksamkeit der hörgeschädigten Schüler sowie deren möglicher Zusammenhang mit den Lehrereinstellungen erforscht. Das angewandte multimethodische Vorgehen setzt sich aus strukturiert-quantitativen und halbstrukturiert-qualitativen Unterrichtsbeobachtungen sowie qualitativen Leitfadeninterviews zusammen. Die Befunde verweisen auf ein tendenziell positives, aber stark divergierendes Bild in Abhängigkeit der erfassten Schüler und Lehrkräfte bzw. deren Unterrichts- und Erziehungsstil. Dabei ließen sich dennoch Gemeinsamkeiten über die Lehrergruppe verzeichnen und wesentliche Beziehungen sowie Einflüsse zur Aufmerksamkeit der hörgeschädigten Schüler erschließen. Einige entscheidende Ergebnisse stehen in deutlicher Beziehung zueinander

Novo centro de visitantes para o Parque Estadual de Vila Velha : aplicação de um sistema construtivo sustentável

Orientador: Silvio ParukerMonografia (graduação) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Curso de Graduação em Arquitetura e UrbanismoInclui referênciasResumo : Esta monografia visa desenvolver uma pesquisa exploratória acerca de sistemas estruturais, diretrizes de sustentabilidade e também de edificações em unidades de conservação ambiental, como centro de visitantes, para embasar uma posterior proposta de anteprojeto. Abordou-se aspectos técnicos, limitações, diretrizes e parâmetros construtivos para este formato de edificação, as formas de implantação, conteúdos programáticos e aspectos formais possíveis, bem como a caracterização dos usuários e os aspectos climáticos, históricos e físicos do local de implantação. Foi realizado ainda o estudo de cinco obras correlatas como instrumento crítico e analítico que permitirá subsidiar decisões projetuais enfrentadas na etapa a ser desenvolvida posteriormente. Baseando-se nos estudos realizados, determinações do Plano de Manejo do Parque Estadual de Vila Velha e do estudo da realidade, apresentam-se as diretrizes projetuais para a proposta do Sistema Construtivo e do anteprojeto da edificação, que deverá ser modular, utilizando preferencialmente materiais locais, sustentável e causar uma mínima interferência na paisagem, atendendo à todas as demandas dos visitantes e usuários do Parque EstadualAbstract : This paper aims to develop an exploratory research about structural systems, sustainability guidelines and buildings in environmental conservation units, as visitor centers, to support a subsequent design proposal. Technical aspects, limitations, guidelines and constructive parameters for the building format, forms of implementation, program contents and possible formal aspects as well as the characterization of users and climatic aspects, historical and physical deployment location were addressed throughout this work. The subsequently study of five related buildings and projects is aimed to work such as critical and analytical instrument that will subsidize design decisions for the upcoming work phase. Finally, the projective guidelines for the proposed Construction System and the building draft is presented. Based on the studies, determinations of the Vila Velha State Park Management Plan and the study of reality, is determined that the Visitor Center building should be modular, preferably using local materials, and sustainable strategies, causing minimal interference in the landscape, taking into account all the demands of visitors and users of the State Par

Manipulação genética e dignidade humana

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências JurídicasUm tema como a manipulação genética e dignidade humana: da bioética ao direito, tem por fim verificar o desenvolvimento da pesquisa científica na área da genética, com suas manipulações e respectivas conseqüências sobre a dignidade humana, a bioética e o direito. Tem que ser possível definir a influência da ética e do direito no desenvolvimento das pesquisas científicas. Para definir essas possibilidades, utilizou-se tanto do método indutivo, com vistas à apreensão da realidade externa do desenvolvimento das pesquisas científicas em genética, e ainda do método de abordagem dedutivo, na construção de parâmetros teóricos de base, ou seja, na idealização das impressões apreendidas, essenciais para a posterior elaboração de inferências críticas. A técnica de pesquisa consistiu no levantamento de dados, através da pesquisa bibliográfica em documentação indireta. No primeiro capítulo, buscou-se rever as bases conceituais teóricas da ética, da moral, da bioética, do ser humano e do direito, sendo primeiramente efetuadas reflexões sobre as noções de ética, moral, bioética e seus princípios universais, para depois refletir sobre o ser humano e a sua dignidade face aos princípios da bioética. Observando, em seguida, a ausência de legislação brasileira para o desenvolvimento das pesquisas em genética, e o capítulo foi finalizado com considerações a respeito da bioética e do "biodireito", ressalvada a sua importância para a coletividade. No segundo capítulo, por sua vez, foi demonstrado o potencial da manipulação genética, tendo sido dada maior ênfase ao desenvolvimento do projeto genoma humano com um levantamento dos projetos na área de genética, já executados e dos ainda em curso, pontualizando eventuais benefícios e riscos decorrentes deste conhecimento, concluindo afirmando a importância da bioética e do biodireito no desenvolvimento destas pesquisas científicas. E, por fim, no terceiro capítulo, foi realizada uma análise crítica dos riscos potenciais da utilização do conhecimento adquirido através da manipulação genética. Seletividade, redução da diversidade humana e ainda a violação do direito à privacidade genética foram apontados como alguns dos riscos que atingirão diretamente a dignidade do homem. A conclusão reflete acerca da importância da bioética e do biodireito, como alternativas à redução do potencial negativo da pesquisa genética e como garantia à dignidade human

Inhibition of PI-3-K and AKT Amplifies Kv1.3 Inhibitor-Induced Death of Human T Leukemia Cells

n/

Epithelial IL-23R Signaling Licenses Protective IL-22 Responses in Intestinal Inflammation.

A plethora of functional and genetic studies have suggested a key role for the IL-23 pathway in chronic intestinal inflammation. Currently, pathogenic actions of IL-23 have been ascribed to specific effects on immune cells. Herein, we unveil a protective role of IL-23R signaling. Mice deficient in IL-23R expression in intestinal epithelial cells (Il23R(ΔIEC)) have reduced Reg3b expression, show a disturbed colonic microflora with an expansion of flagellated bacteria, and succumb to DSS colitis. Surprisingly, Il23R(ΔIEC) mice show impaired mucosal IL-22 induction in response to IL-23. αThy-1 treatment significantly deteriorates colitis in Il23R(ΔIEC) animals, which can be rescued by IL-22 application. Importantly, exogenous Reg3b administration rescues DSS-treated Il23R(ΔIEC) mice by recruiting neutrophils as IL-22-producing cells, thereby restoring mucosal IL-22 levels. The study identifies a critical barrier-protective immune pathway that originates from, and is orchestrated by, IL-23R signaling in intestinal epithelial cells.This work was supported by DFG Excellence Cluster Inflammation at Interfaces; the SFB877 B9, the SFB 1182 C2 project, and the BMBF IHEC DEEP project TP2.3 and 5.2 (to P.R.); the European Research Council under the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007- 2013)/ERC grant agreement 260961 (to A.K.); the National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, ERC CoG GA 648889, and WTIA 106260-Z-14-Z (to A.K.); NIH DK53056, DK44319, and DK088199 (to R.S.B.); and the Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale (to M.C.).This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Cell/Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.05

γδ T cell responses: How many ligands will it take till we know?

γδ T cells constitute a sizeable and non-redundant fraction of the total T cell pool in all jawed vertebrates, but in contrast to conventional αβ T cells they are not restricted by classical MHC molecules. Progress in our understanding of the role of γδ T cells in the immune system has been hampered, and is being hampered, by the considerable lack of knowledge regarding the antigens γδ T cells respond to. The past few years have seen a wealth of data regarding the TCR repertoires of distinct γδ T cell populations and a growing list of confirmed and proposed molecules that are recognised by γδ T cells in different species. Yet, the physiological contexts underlying the often restricted TCR usage and the chemical diversity of γδ T cell ligands remain largely unclear, and only few structural studies have confirmed direct ligand recognition by the TCR. We here review the latest progress in the identification and validation of putative γδ T cell ligands and discuss the implications of such findings for γδ T cell responses in health and disease

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI 2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/images/research_banner_face_lab_290.jpgunderweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity