Estudos de validação de duas escalas de avaliação das representações sociais em torno da violência filioparental numa mostra de adolescentes

Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e Saúde (Psicologia Forense), apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de CoimbraA violência filioparental, ou violência de filhos contra os pais, é, ainda, uma problemática pouco abordada na literatura. Aquilo que é considerado um comportamento abusivo nas relações entre pais e filhos é pouco claro, tornando-a num fenómeno complexo e de difícil definição. Nos últimos anos tem-se registado um aumento gradual, continuando, no entanto, a ser uma forma de violência familiar pouco estudada. Por ser cada vez mais frequente, torna-se fulcral o seu estudo e análise aprofundada. É essencial fazer o estudo das representações sociais que permita identificar e compreender as narrativas subjacentes ao processo de reconhecimento e atitudes face à problemática. O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal validar dois instrumentos de avaliação das representações sociais sobre a violência filioparental, assim como identificar o grau de legitimação e as representações sociais de adolescentes relativamente aos fatores facilitadores, de manutenção e de resolução da violência dos filhos menores de idade (até aos 18 anos) contra os seus pais. Recorrendo a uma amostra de adolescentes da população geral (N = 152), procurou-se avaliar as qualidades psicométricas (consistência interna) do Questionário de Representações sobre VFP – Histórias (QRVFP-HIS) (Patuleia, N., Alberto, I., Pereira, R., & Alarcão, M., 2014) e do Questionário sobre Violência dos filhos contra os pais – Fatores Facilitadores, de Manutenção e de Resolução (QVFP-FMR) (Patuleia, N., Alberto, I., Pereira, R., & Alarcão, M., 2014). Visou-se, ainda, analisar a influência de variáveis sociodemográficas (sexo, idade e escolaridade) no grau de legitimação da violência por parte dos adolescentes. De um modo geral, os resultados obtidos indicam uma consistência interna razoável para o QRVFP-HIS e boa para o QVFP-FMR. São identificadas diferenças em função do sexo no grau de legitimação com os adolescentes do sexo masculino a toleraram mais a VFP que os do sexo feminino. Não foi evidenciada tendência de resposta socialmente desejável, pelo que os adolescentes parecem responder honestamente aos instrumentos.The child-to-parent violence, or violence of children against their parents, is a problematic rarely discussed in the literature. What is considered an abusive behavior in the relationship between parents and children is still uncleared, and has become a complex phenomenon due to the difficulty in defining this type of violence. In past years, a gradual increase in filioparental violence has been verified, but it still lacks study and investigation. To understand the social representations regarding filioparental violence, it’s essential to identify and understand the narrative underlying the recognition process and attitudes towards the issue. The present study aimed to validate two questionnaires of evaluation of the social representations about child-to-parent violence, and identify the degree of legitimacy and social representations of teenagers in relation to facilitating, maintenance and resolution factors of the violence of minor children (up to 18 years) against their parents. Using a sample of adolescents in the general population (N = 152) the psychometric properties (internal consistency) of the Questionário de Representações sobre VFP – Histórias (QRVFP-HIS) (Patuleia, N., Alberto I., Pereira, R., & Alarcão, M., 2014) and Questionário sobre Violência dos filhos contra os pais - Fatores Facilitadores, de Manutenção e de Resolução (QVFP-FMR) (Patuleia, N., Alberto, I., Pereira, R., & Alarcão, M., 2014) were evaluated. We also aimed at analyzing the influence of sociodemographic variables (sex, age and education) in the legitimization of violence by adolescents. Overall, the results obtained show a reasonable internal consistence for the QRVFP-HIS and good for QVFP-FMR. Were also identified significant differences between genders when it comes to the legitimacy's degree with male teenagers, who's tolerate VFP more than female teenagers. The lack of tendency to social desirability response indicates that teenagers seem to answer honestly to the instrument

Estudos de validação de duas escalas de avaliação das representações sociais em torno da violência filioparental numa mostra de adolescentes

Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e Saúde (Psicologia Forense), apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de CoimbraA violência filioparental, ou violência de filhos contra os pais, é, ainda, uma problemática pouco abordada na literatura. Aquilo que é considerado um comportamento abusivo nas relações entre pais e filhos é pouco claro, tornando-a num fenómeno complexo e de difícil definição. Nos últimos anos tem-se registado um aumento gradual, continuando, no entanto, a ser uma forma de violência familiar pouco estudada. Por ser cada vez mais frequente, torna-se fulcral o seu estudo e análise aprofundada. É essencial fazer o estudo das representações sociais que permita identificar e compreender as narrativas subjacentes ao processo de reconhecimento e atitudes face à problemática. O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal validar dois instrumentos de avaliação das representações sociais sobre a violência filioparental, assim como identificar o grau de legitimação e as representações sociais de adolescentes relativamente aos fatores facilitadores, de manutenção e de resolução da violência dos filhos menores de idade (até aos 18 anos) contra os seus pais. Recorrendo a uma amostra de adolescentes da população geral (N = 152), procurou-se avaliar as qualidades psicométricas (consistência interna) do Questionário de Representações sobre VFP – Histórias (QRVFP-HIS) (Patuleia, N., Alberto, I., Pereira, R., & Alarcão, M., 2014) e do Questionário sobre Violência dos filhos contra os pais – Fatores Facilitadores, de Manutenção e de Resolução (QVFP-FMR) (Patuleia, N., Alberto, I., Pereira, R., & Alarcão, M., 2014). Visou-se, ainda, analisar a influência de variáveis sociodemográficas (sexo, idade e escolaridade) no grau de legitimação da violência por parte dos adolescentes. De um modo geral, os resultados obtidos indicam uma consistência interna razoável para o QRVFP-HIS e boa para o QVFP-FMR. São identificadas diferenças em função do sexo no grau de legitimação com os adolescentes do sexo masculino a toleraram mais a VFP que os do sexo feminino. Não foi evidenciada tendência de resposta socialmente desejável, pelo que os adolescentes parecem responder honestamente aos instrumentos.The child-to-parent violence, or violence of children against their parents, is a problematic rarely discussed in the literature. What is considered an abusive behavior in the relationship between parents and children is still uncleared, and has become a complex phenomenon due to the difficulty in defining this type of violence. In past years, a gradual increase in filioparental violence has been verified, but it still lacks study and investigation. To understand the social representations regarding filioparental violence, it’s essential to identify and understand the narrative underlying the recognition process and attitudes towards the issue. The present study aimed to validate two questionnaires of evaluation of the social representations about child-to-parent violence, and identify the degree of legitimacy and social representations of teenagers in relation to facilitating, maintenance and resolution factors of the violence of minor children (up to 18 years) against their parents. Using a sample of adolescents in the general population (N = 152) the psychometric properties (internal consistency) of the Questionário de Representações sobre VFP – Histórias (QRVFP-HIS) (Patuleia, N., Alberto I., Pereira, R., & Alarcão, M., 2014) and Questionário sobre Violência dos filhos contra os pais - Fatores Facilitadores, de Manutenção e de Resolução (QVFP-FMR) (Patuleia, N., Alberto, I., Pereira, R., & Alarcão, M., 2014) were evaluated. We also aimed at analyzing the influence of sociodemographic variables (sex, age and education) in the legitimization of violence by adolescents. Overall, the results obtained show a reasonable internal consistence for the QRVFP-HIS and good for QVFP-FMR. Were also identified significant differences between genders when it comes to the legitimacy's degree with male teenagers, who's tolerate VFP more than female teenagers. The lack of tendency to social desirability response indicates that teenagers seem to answer honestly to the instrument

1230 – Selective attention and cognitive decline in institutionalized elderly

Introduction When cognitive decline (CD) is present, attention is one of the impaired mental functions. CD is also associated with anxious/depressive symptoms and with some demographic variables, particularly, age. Objectives Investigate the associations between selective attention (Stroop Test: Stroop_Word, Stroop_Color, Difference between Stroop_Word and Stroop_Color, Stroop Ratio_Word, Stroop Ratio_Color and Difference between Stroop Ratio_Word and Stroop Ratio_ Color) and CD (Montreal Cognitive Assessment/MoCA) in institutionalized elders; explore the predictive value of Stroop variables for CD, controlling anxious/depressive symptoms and sociodemographic variables. Methods 140 institutionalized elders (mean age, M =78.4, SD =7.48, range =60-97) voluntarily answered to sociodemographic questions, the MoCA, the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory/GAI, the Geriatric Depression Scale/GDS and Stroop test. Results 73 elders (52, 1%) had CD. Dichotomized MoCA was associated with Stroop_Word, Stroop_Color, Stroop Ratio_Word, Stroop Ratio_Color, GDS and the sociodemographic variable schooling × profession. Age and education were not tested, since MoCA was stratified according to those variables. GDS, Stroop Ratio_Word and Stroop Ratio_Color showed to predict CD. Conclusions There was an association between Stroop_Word, Stroop_Color, Stroop Ratio_Word and Stroop Ratio_Color and CD, confirming that selective attention is smaller when the elderly reveal CD. GDS and CD were, also, associated. However, there was no association between MoCA dichotomized and differences between the correct answers (Stroop_Word and Stroop_Color) and Ratios (Stroop Ratio_Word and Stroop Ratio_Color). Selective attention and depressive symptoms predicted CD. It would be important to intervene through cognitive rehabilitation with the elders to improve their attention.Departamento de Investigação & Desenvolviment

Espaços e paisagens. Antiguidade Clássica e heranças contemporâneas. Vol. I Línguas e Literaturas. Grécia e Roma

Actas do VII Congresso Internacional da APEC, decorrido na Universidade de Évora (Abril de 2008)

CENTR(AR): pulmões em andamento: manual de atividade física domiciliário

Sem resumo disponível.publishe

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research