Influence of preparation procedures on the phenolic content, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of green and black teas

The influence of common tea preparation procedures (temperature, infusion time, consumption time interval and tea bag/loose-leaf) and the type of water used, on the total phenolic content (TPC), the radical scavenging activity and the alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity were assessed. Higher TPC and antioxidant activity were obtained when using lower mineralized waters. Tea bags also evidenced higher antioxidant activity than loose-leaf samples. Under the same conditions (90 degrees C and five minutes of infusion time) green tea contains almost twice the quantity of polyphenols and the free radical scavenging ability of black tea. In the alpha-glucosidase assay all infusions were active (97-100 %). Furthermore, HPLC allowed to identify some of the polyphenols present in both teas and to monitor their composition change with time. After twenty-four hours, the antioxidant activity was maintained without significant changes, but a small decrease in enzyme inhibition was observed, although this activity was still very high.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Impacto de la vacunación sobre la incidencia del sarampión en Mozambique durante el período de 2000-2011

Submitted by Regiane Silva ([email protected]) on 2018-10-01T18:06:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Impact of vaccination on the incidence of measles in Mozambique in the period 2000 to 2011.pdf: 1433956 bytes, checksum: 0dfdb0f9bf763a2901523ec72a40e9f3 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Regiane Silva ([email protected]) on 2018-10-09T13:40:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Impact of vaccination on the incidence of measles in Mozambique in the period 2000 to 2011.pdf: 1433956 bytes, checksum: 0dfdb0f9bf763a2901523ec72a40e9f3 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-09T13:40:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Impact of vaccination on the incidence of measles in Mozambique in the period 2000 to 2011.pdf: 1433956 bytes, checksum: 0dfdb0f9bf763a2901523ec72a40e9f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Moçambique.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Moçambique.O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as ações de eliminação do sarampo em Moçambique, considerando o impacto do programa de vacinação ao longo do período de 2000-2011. Foram revisados os dados de vacinação e os casos de sarampo disponíveis no Ministério da Saúde. Análise de séries temporais e técnicas estatísticas de análise espacial foram aplicadas. As coberturas variaram entre 82% e 99%. Nas províncias, a cidade de Maputo teve as coberturas abaixo de 70%, e a província de Niassa teve as coberturas acima de 100%. As coberturas apresentaram um padrão espacial que se modificou com o tempo. A taxa de incidência de sarampo no país foi de 1,58 (0,00-40,08 distritos) por 100 mil habitantes. Os distritos que fazem fronteiras com os países vizinhos tiveram as elevadas taxas de incidência. As coberturas de rotina são insuficientes, e a circulação de sarampo continua em Moçambique. O país necessita alcançar coberturas homogêneas e maiores que 95% em crianças menores de um ano, manter as campanhas de vacinação e melhorar a vigilância e o tratamento de casos.The aim of this study was to contribute to the better planning of measles elimination actions in Mozambique, by considering the impact of vaccination actions over the period 2000 to 2011. Descriptive and ecological studies and case records made available by the Ministry of Health were used to analyze measles vaccination coverage. Statistical analysis was performed using time series and spatial analysis. Vaccine coverage rates ranged from 82% to 99%. Coverage rates in Maputo city were under 70% and in Niassa province they were over 100%. Coverage showed a clustered pattern in the districts. The measles incidence rate was 1.58 per 100,000 inhabitants (0.00-40.08 per 100,000 inhabitants); districts bordering neighboring countries presented high incidence rates. Although measles morbidity and mortality has decreased in Mozambique, vaccine coverage has been insufficient to interrupt measles transmission. Enhanced surveillance, including investigation of cases and outbreaks, and improvements in measles vaccination are recommended in order to achieve a homogenous coverage rate of ≥ 95% for both routine and mass vaccination campaigns.El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar las acciones de eliminación del sarampión en Mozambique, considerando el impacto del programa de vacunación a lo largo del período de 2000-2011. Se revisaron los datos de vacunación y casos de sarampión, disponibles en el Ministerio de Salud. Se aplicaron análisis de series temporales y técnicas estadísticas de análisis espacial. Las coberturas variaron entre un 82% y un 99% por nivel. En las provincias, la Ciudad de Maputo tuvo coberturas por debajo de un 70%, mientras que la provincia de Niassa tuvo coberturas por encima de un 100%. Las coberturas presentaron un patrón espacial que se modificó con el tiempo. La tasa de incidencia de sarampión en el país fue de un 1,58 (0,00-40,08 distritos) por 100 mil habitantes. Los distritos que tienen fronteras con países vecinos tuvieron una elevadas tasas de incidencia. Las coberturas de rutina son insuficientes y la propagación del sarampión continúa en Mozambique. El país necesita alcanzar coberturas > 95% en niños menores de un año y que sean homogéneas, mantener las campañas de vacunación, mejorar la vigilancia y el tratamiento de casos

Impact of vaccination on the incidence of measles in Mozambique in the period 2000 to 2011 Impacto de la vacunación sobre la incidencia del sarampión en Mozambique durante el período de 2000-2011 Impacto da vacinação sobre a incidência de sarampo em Moçambique no período de 2000-2011

The aim of this study was to contribute to the better planning of measles elimination actions in Mozambique, by considering the impact of vaccination actions over the period 2000 to 2011. Descriptive and ecological studies and case records made available by the Ministry of Health were used to analyze measles vaccination coverage. Statistical analysis was performed using time series and spatial analysis. Vaccine coverage rates ranged from 82% to 99%. Coverage rates in Maputo city were under 70% and in Niassa province they were over 100%. Coverage showed a clustered pattern in the districts. The measles incidence rate was 1.58 per 100,000 inhabitants (0.00-40.08 per 100,000 inhabitants); districts bordering neighboring countries presented high incidence rates. Although measles morbidity and mortality has decreased in Mozambique, vaccine coverage has been insufficient to interrupt measles transmission. Enhanced surveillance, including investigation of cases and outbreaks, and improvements in measles vaccination are recommended in order to achieve a homogenous coverage rate of ≥ 95% for both routine and mass vaccination campaigns.El objetivo de este artículo fue analizar las acciones de eliminación del sarampión en Mozambique, considerando el impacto del programa de vacunación a lo largo del período de 2000-2011. Se revisaron los datos de vacunación y casos de sarampión, disponibles en el Ministerio de Salud. Se aplicaron análisis de series temporales y técnicas estadísticas de análisis espacial. Las coberturas variaron entre un 82% y un 99% por nivel. En las provincias, la Ciudad de Maputo tuvo coberturas por debajo de un 70%, mientras que la provincia de Niassa tuvo coberturas por encima de un 100%. Las coberturas presentaron un patrón espacial que se modificó con el tiempo. La tasa de incidencia de sarampión en el país fue de un 1,58 (0,00-40,08 distritos) por 100 mil habitantes. Los distritos que tienen fronteras con países vecinos tuvieron una elevadas tasas de incidencia. Las coberturas de rutina son insuficientes y la propagación del sarampión continúa en Mozambique. El país necesita alcanzar coberturas > 95% en niños menores de un año y que sean homogéneas, mantener las campañas de vacunación, mejorar la vigilancia y el tratamiento de casos.O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as ações de eliminação do sarampo em Moçambique, considerando o impacto do programa de vacinação ao longo do período de 2000-2011. Foram revisados os dados de vacinação e os casos de sarampo disponíveis no Ministério da Saúde. Análise de séries temporais e técnicas estatísticas de análise espacial foram aplicadas. As coberturas variaram entre 82% e 99%. Nas províncias, a cidade de Maputo teve as coberturas abaixo de 70%, e a província de Niassa teve as coberturas acima de 100%. As coberturas apresentaram um padrão espacial que se modificou com o tempo. A taxa de incidência de sarampo no país foi de 1,58 (0,00-40,08 distritos) por 100 mil habitantes. Os distritos que fazem fronteiras com os países vizinhos tiveram as elevadas taxas de incidência. As coberturas de rotina são insuficientes, e a circulação de sarampo continua em Moçambique. O país necessita alcançar coberturas homogêneas e maiores que 95% em crianças menores de um ano, manter as campanhas de vacinação e melhorar a vigilância e o tratamento de casos

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved