Optical absorption and fluorescent behaviour of selenium in ternary silicate glasses

Optical absorption and fluorescent behaviour of selenium in the ternary soda-lime-silica, soda-strontia-silica and soda-baria-silica glasses having molar composition 20Na2O-10RO-70SiO2 (where R = Ca, Sr and Ba) were studied systematically. Selenium in its elemental form was found to produce a variety of pink colour shades in soda-lime-siliea and soda-strontia-silica glasses by optical absorption measurements whereas the infrared transmission studies detected the presence of selenium as selenite (SeO3 2-) and selenate (SeO4 2-) ions which did not produce any color in glass. The results of optical measurements in the glass containing Se ⇌ SeO3 2- ⇌ SeO4 2- species were discussed in the light of the general principles of spectroscopy. The molar extinetion coefficient of selenium was calculated and found to be around 20 and 80 1 ∙ mol-1 ∙ cm-1 respectively, in soda-lime-siliea and soda-strontia-silica glasses at their wavelength maxima at around 485 and 500 nm, whieh dictated the intensity of the broad absorption bands marked due to selenium in the glass. However, the selenium was found to produce a golden yellow color in soda-baria-silica glass. This is due to the shift of the valence state of selenium towards the selenite (SeO3 2-) and selenate (SeO4 2-) state with increasing basicity of the glass. The values of the emission cross-section obtained for selenium based on the fluorescence spectral studies showed that the soda-lime-siliea glass emitted more intense fluorescence than the rest of the silicate glasses

Millets - Neglected Cereal with High Potential in Health Benefits in Malnutrition

In a world grappling with malnutrition, millets emerge as unsung heroes, offering a beacon of hope for improved global health. This chapter delves into the treasure trove of millets, revealing their often-overlooked potential as a nutritional powerhouse. Millets, a diverse group of cereal grains, hold the promise of mitigating malnutrition on a global scale. Firstly, we explore the exceptional nutritional value of millets, demonstrating how they pack a punch with essential vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. A comparative analysis with other grains underscores their superiority in providing a balanced diet. We then uncover the diverse varieties of millets and their suitability for various regions and climates, making them an adaptable and sustainable choice for farmers worldwide. Millet farming techniques, including their resilience to adverse conditions, are discussed, shedding light on their role in food security. The health implications of millet consumption are another focus, revealing their potential in preventing chronic diseases and improving overall well-being. Case studies underscore the tangible impact of millet-based interventions on malnutrition reduction. However, challenges persist, such as limited awareness and policy support. Nonetheless, millets hold immense promise for enhancing global health and nutrition. This chapter advocates for the integration of millets into our diets, promoting sustainable agriculture, and addressing malnutrition's root causes. As we delve into the world of millets, we find not only a neglected cereal but a beacon of hope for a healthier, more sustainable future

Ligand Replacement Reactions in Some Metal Complexes : Part II-Ni(II) & Co(Il) Complexes

272-27

Ligand Replacement Reactions in Some Metal Complexes: Part I - Copper(II) Complexes

810-81

Trichoderma—a new strategy in combating agriculture problems

Increasing use of potentially hazardous chemicals in agriculture has resulted in growing concern for both the environment and public health. However, use of biological control strategy is a risk free and economically feasible approach. One of the most promising biological control agents is Trichoderma, which is ubiquitous in soil and root ecosystems. Ecological adaptability of Trichoderma species is evidenced by their widespread distribution in different agro-climatic conditions and they have different types of biocontrol and plant growth promoting properties. In the soil ecosystem, Trichoderma species are prolific producers of secondary metabolites such as peptaibols, pyrones, and siderophores, which act as antimicrobial and plant growth promoting compounds. Trichoderma species recorded maximum growth inhibition of plant pathogens (Sclerotium, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, and Aspergillus). Trichoderma species are resistant to different types of chemical pesticides of higher concentration. Hence, development and use of efficient Trichoderma species is very important for disease management and sustainable agriculture production