Metamorphic Conditions of an Archean Core Complex in the Northern Wind River Range, Wyoming

The Archean granulite-facies rocks of the northern Wind River Range consist of extensive granitic orthogneisses and migmatites hosting banded iron formations, amphibolites, metapelites, metabasites, ultramafites and quartzites. Quantitative pressure and temperature estimates from inclusions within garnet porphyroblasts are 815±5O%C and 8±1 kb using equilibria buffered by the assemblages spinel-quartz-garnet-sillimanite and garnet-rutile-ilmenite-sillimanite-quartz. Pressure-temperature estimates from the groundmass core assemblages of the banded iron formations and hornblende granulites are 750 ±50 %C and 5·5 ± 1 kb using garnet-clinopyroxene, garnet-orthopyroxene, and two-pyroxene thermometry, and geobarometers based on the assemblages garnet-quartz-plagioclase-orthopyroxene and orthopyroxene-olivine-quartz. Rim compositions of the matrix minerals indicate nearly isobaric cooling from the conditions of 750 %C and 5-5 kb to < 600%C at 5 kb. Taken together, the P-T estimates from both the garnet inclusions and matrix assemblages are consistent with a clockwise P-T-t path for this terrane. Temperature estimates based on oxygen isotope thermometry in the banded iron formations vary systematically with the degree of visible late-stage deformation. There is no correlation between the isotopic temperature estimates and those from cation-based thermometers. The highest pressures and temperatures for the Wind River terrane are preserved by the inclusions in garnet porphyroblasts. The ability of these inclusions to preserve chemistries corresponding to higher pressures and temperatures is attributed to the combined effects of inclusion isolation and fixed inclusion volume within the garnet porphyroblasts. Cation-based thermometers in the groundmass preserve lower temperatures as a result of diffusional partial resetting. Isotopic thermometry will yield the lowest temperatures if there is even minor retrograde deformation. Geothermobarometry for the northern Wind River Archean terrane is consistent with a tectonic regime of doubly thickened crust. Peak metamorphic conditions preserved in the cores of the garnets are compatible with deep burial during the early stages of tectonism. Rapid to intermediate uplift due to erosion of the upper plate could explain the nearly isothermal decompression from 8·0 to 5-5 kb. The later, nearly isobaric, cooling path indicated by the rim compositions of the matrix minerals is consistent with relaxation of the elevated geother

The Oxygen Isotopic Composition of MIL 090001: A CR2 Chondrite with Abundant Refractory Inclusions

MIL 090001 is a large (>6 kg) carbonaceous chondrite that was classified as a member of the CV reduced subgroup (CVred) that was recovered during the 2009-2010 ANSMET field season [1]. Based on the abundance of refractory inclusions and the extent of aqueous alteration, Keller [2] suggested a CV2 classification. Here we report additional mineralogical and petrographic data for MIL 090001, its whole-rock oxygen isotopic composition and ion microprobe analyses of individual phases. The whole rock oxygen isotopic analyses show that MIL 090001 should be classified as a CR chondrite

Medications and Breastfeeding

The aim of this chapter is to provide the reader with an understanding of the impact of the administration of medication to breast-feeding women and the key points related to this. The management and administration of medication is an essential skill for midwives. Equally, promoting breast feeding and supporting women’s infant feeding choices are essential skills for midwives. It is important that midwives and student midwives have knowledge around the use of medication during the lactating period in order to provide safe and effective care for breast-feeding women. This chapter will focus on the role of the midwife and student midwife in administration of medication to breast-feeding women and the key points related to this. As part of this process, it is necessary that midwives and student midwives understand the transfer of medication into breast milk and use the most up-to-date knowledge about medicines management and breast feeding. This is essential in order to provide accurate and evidence-based information to women, enabling them to make an informed choice (Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), 2018). This chapter will also explore some safe medication that can be used during the lactation period and common challenges arising while women breast feed and how these can be managed with and without the use of medicine

Cadherin-26 (CDH26) regulates airway epithelial cell cytoskeletal structure and polarity.

Polarization of the airway epithelial cells (AECs) in the airway lumen is critical to the proper function of the mucociliary escalator and maintenance of lung health, but the cellular requirements for polarization of AECs are poorly understood. Using human AECs and cell lines, we demonstrate that cadherin-26 (CDH26) is abundantly expressed in differentiated AECs, localizes to the cell apices near ciliary membranes, and has functional cadherin domains with homotypic binding. We find a unique and non-redundant role for CDH26, previously uncharacterized in AECs, in regulation of cell-cell contact and cell integrity through maintaining cytoskeletal structures. Overexpression of CDH26 in cells with a fibroblastoid phenotype increases contact inhibition and promotes monolayer formation and cortical actin structures. CDH26 expression is also important for localization of planar cell polarity proteins. Knockdown of CDH26 in AECs results in loss of cortical actin and disruption of CRB3 and other proteins associated with apical polarity. Together, our findings uncover previously unrecognized functions for CDH26 in the maintenance of actin cytoskeleton and apicobasal polarity of AECs

European Union enlargement, post-accession migration and imaginative geographies of the ‘New Europe’: media discourses in Romania and the United Kingdom.

This paper is concerned with re-imaginings of ‘Europe’ following the accession to the European Union (EU) of former ‘Eastern European’ countries. In particular it explores media representations of post-EU accession migration from Romania to the United Kingdom in the UK and Romanian newspaper press. Todorova’s (1997) notion of Balkanism is deployed as a theoretical construct to facilitate the analysis of these representations as first, the continuation of long-standing and deeply embedded imaginings of the ‘East’ of Europe and, second, as a means of contesting these discourses. The paper explores the way in which the UK press construct Balkanist discourses about Romania and Romanian migrants, and then analyses how the Romanian press has contested such discourses. The paper argues that the idea of the ‘East’ remains important in constructing notions of ‘Europe’ within popular media geographies

Late-Glacial to Late-holocene Shifts in Global Precipitation Delta(sup 18)O

Reconstructions of Quaternary climate are often based on the isotopic content of paleo-precipitation preserved in proxy records. While many paleo-precipitation isotope records are available, few studies have synthesized these dispersed records to explore spatial patterns of late-glacial precipitation delta(sup 18)O. Here we present a synthesis of 86 globally distributed groundwater (n 59), cave calcite (n 15) and ice core (n 12) isotope records spanning the late-glacial (defined as 50,000 to 20,000 years ago) to the late-Holocene (within the past 5000 years). We show that precipitation delta(sup 18)O changes from the late-glacial to the late-Holocene range from -7.1% (delta(sup 18)O(late-Holocene) > delta(sup 18)O(late-glacial) to +1.7% (delta(sup 18)O(late-glacial) > delta(sup 18)O(late-Holocene), with the majority (77) of records having lower late-glacial delta(sup 18)O than late-Holocene delta(sup 18)O values. High-magnitude, negative precipitation delta(sup 18)O shifts are common at high latitudes, high altitudes and continental interiors

Region of magnetic dominance near a rotating black hole

This is a brief contribution in which a simplified criterion of the relevance of the test-particle approximation describing motion of material near a magnetized black hole is discussed. Application to processes of the dissipative collimation of astronomical jets (as proposed by de Felice and Curir, 1992) is mentioned.Comment: 11 pages, to appear in General Relativity and Gravitation, also available (with additional illustrations) at http://otokar.troja.mff.cuni.cz/user/karas/au_www/karas/papers.ht

A measurement of secondary cosmic microwave background anisotropies with two years of South Pole Telescope observations

We present the first three-frequency South Pole Telescope (SPT) cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectra. The band powers presented here cover angular scales 2000 < ell < 9400 in frequency bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. At these frequencies and angular scales, a combination of the primary CMB anisotropy, thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effects, radio galaxies, and cosmic infrared background (CIB) contributes to the signal. We combine Planck and SPT data at 220 GHz to constrain the amplitude and shape of the CIB power spectrum and find strong evidence for non-linear clustering. We explore the SZ results using a variety of cosmological models for the CMB and CIB anisotropies and find them to be robust with one exception: allowing for spatial correlations between the thermal SZ effect and CIB significantly degrades the SZ constraints. Neglecting this potential correlation, we find the thermal SZ power at 150 GHz and ell = 3000 to be 3.65 +/- 0.69 muK^2, and set an upper limit on the kinetic SZ power to be less than 2.8 muK^2 at 95% confidence. When a correlation between the thermal SZ and CIB is allowed, we constrain a linear combination of thermal and kinetic SZ power: D_{3000}^{tSZ} + 0.5 D_{3000}^{kSZ} = 4.60 +/- 0.63 muK^2, consistent with earlier measurements. We use the measured thermal SZ power and an analytic, thermal SZ model calibrated with simulations to determine sigma8 = 0.807 +/- 0.016. Modeling uncertainties involving the astrophysics of the intracluster medium rather than the statistical uncertainty in the measured band powers are the dominant source of uncertainty on sigma8 . We also place an upper limit on the kinetic SZ power produced by patchy reionization; a companion paper uses these limits to constrain the reionization history of the Universe.Comment: 25 pages; 14 figures; Submitted to ApJ (Updated to reflect referee comments

Proton-proton scattering above 3 GeV/c

A large set of data on proton-proton differential cross sections, analyzing powers and the double polarization parameter A_NN is analyzed employing the Regge formalism. We find that the data available at proton beam momenta from 3 GeV/c to 50 GeV/c exhibit features that are very well in line with the general characteristics of Regge phenomenology and can be described with a model that includes the rho, omega, f_2, and a_2 trajectories and single Pomeron exchange. Additional data, specifically for spin-dependent observables at forward angles, would be very helpful for testing and refining our Regge model.Comment: 16 pages, 19 figures; revised version accepted for publication in EPJ

Variational Methods for Biomolecular Modeling

Structure, function and dynamics of many biomolecular systems can be characterized by the energetic variational principle and the corresponding systems of partial differential equations (PDEs). This principle allows us to focus on the identification of essential energetic components, the optimal parametrization of energies, and the efficient computational implementation of energy variation or minimization. Given the fact that complex biomolecular systems are structurally non-uniform and their interactions occur through contact interfaces, their free energies are associated with various interfaces as well, such as solute-solvent interface, molecular binding interface, lipid domain interface, and membrane surfaces. This fact motivates the inclusion of interface geometry, particular its curvatures, to the parametrization of free energies. Applications of such interface geometry based energetic variational principles are illustrated through three concrete topics: the multiscale modeling of biomolecular electrostatics and solvation that includes the curvature energy of the molecular surface, the formation of microdomains on lipid membrane due to the geometric and molecular mechanics at the lipid interface, and the mean curvature driven protein localization on membrane surfaces. By further implicitly representing the interface using a phase field function over the entire domain, one can simulate the dynamics of the interface and the corresponding energy variation by evolving the phase field function, achieving significant reduction of the number of degrees of freedom and computational complexity. Strategies for improving the efficiency of computational implementations and for extending applications to coarse-graining or multiscale molecular simulations are outlined.Comment: 36 page