Emotions, Identity and Body in Radovan Ivšić’s Language of Dreams

U radu se promatra izdvojeno pjesničko stvaralaštvo marginaliziranoga hrvatsko-francuskog autora Radovana Ivšića (1921. – 2009.) i u središte se stavlja motiv sna koji pjesniku osigurava propitkivanje (i)realnosti, napuštanje mimeze i stvaranje neobičnih asocijativnih odnosa karakterističnih za proces(e) sanjanja. Istraživački korpus u radu čine poeme Trideset i šest njenih čuda (1940.) i Narcis (1942.), zbirke pjesama Bunar u kuli (1967.), Tanke (1954.) i Crno (1974.), koje su objavljene u nekoliko izbora djela, točnije u Pet stoljeća hrvatske književnosti (1985.), U nepovrat (1990.), Crno i crno (2003.) i San na javi (2016.), iz kojih se iščitavaju, potom izdvajaju i interpretiraju označitelji emocija, identiteta i tijela. Stilskim kontekstualiziranjem autora unutar nadrealizma kategorizirat će se pjesnikov diskurs kao tzv. Ivšićev snovlji jezik. Karakterizira ga specifična sintaksa i morfologija te začudne pjesničke slike, a autoru omogućava: (1) autentično izražavanje emocija, (2) definiranje njegova fluidnog identiteta i (3) prikazivanje tjelesne metamorfoze i odnosa prema tijelu uopće. U tom kontekstu umjesto pojma oniričko, koji se pojavljuje u svim razdobljima i žanrovima književnosti, koristit će se pojam Ivšićev snovlji jezik kako bi se preciznije identificirala njegova poetika i njegov lingvistički kapital. Također, kao bilingvistu nadrealistička poetika omogućava mu izlazak izvan prethodno postavljenih stilskih okvira te njome ostvaruje ideološke stavove slobode koji su ga legitimirali u geografskom, kulturološkom i političkom okruženju. Iako će kasnija faza Ivšićeva stvaralaštva biti u opreci s njegovim ranijim književnim ostvarenjima (i u formalnome i u motivskome smislu), matrica će (is)korištenoga specifičnog snovljeg jezika ostati i dalje njegova temeljna pjesnička paradigma.This paper explores selected work of the marginalized Croatian-French author Radovan Ivšić (1921–2009) centred around the dream motif which allows the poet to question (sur)reality, abandon mimesis, and create unusual associative relations typical for dream process(es). His poems Trideset i šest njenih čuda (1940) and Narcis (1942), as well as the collections of poems Bunar u kuli (1967) and Tanke (1954), republished in Pet stoljeća hrvatske književnosti (1985), U nepovrat (1990), Crno i crno (2003) and San na javi (2016) are read, extrapolated, and interpreted through signifiers of emotions, identity, and body. Due to the author’s stylistic contextualisation within Surrealism, the poet’s discourse will be categorised as so called Ivšić’s dream language, characterised by a specific syntax and morphology as well as remarkable combinations of poetic imagery which allow the author to: (1) express emotions authentically, (2) self-identify, and (3) demonstrate physical metamorphosis and relations to the body in general. In this context, the term Ivšić’s dream language is used instead of the general term oneiric, which is present in all literary periods and genres, to precisely identify his poetics and linguistic capital. Furthermore, as a bilingual author, the surrealist poetics allows him to go beyond the established stylistic framework and to realise his ideological attitudes about freedom which have legitimised him in the geographical, cultural, and political environment. Although his early and later work will be in contrast in both form and motifs, the dream matrix of the specific dream language will remain his fundamental poetic paradigm

The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

Innovations in Spinal Deformities and Postural Disorders

Innovations in Spinal Deformities and Postural Disorders presents a compendium of innovative work in the management of spinal deformities and postural disorders. The chapters were carefully selected with clinicians, researchers, patients and parents in mind. All of these stakeholders are important links in the management of spinal deformities and disorders. It is our hope that all will remain open to new ideas in the field and will be able to evaluate the material carefully and in ways that are objective and evidence based. We hope that the different chapters in the book will stimulate readers to be original and innovative in their own centers in order to help our patients in the best way possible. This book contains new information on the 3D measurement of, as well as new approaches to, the 3D conservative, including exercises and braces, and surgical treatments for patients with spinal deformities and postural disorders

Schroth Physiotherapeutic Scoliosis-Specific Exercise (PSSE) Trials—Systematic Review of Methods and Recommendations for Future Research

The Schroth method is a non-operative treatment for scoliosis and kyphosis, used standalone or as an adjunct to bracing. While supporting evidence for its effectiveness is emerging, methodologic standardization and rigor are equivocal. Thus, we aimed to systematically review methods of published Schroth physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercise (PSSE) trials and provide guidance for future research. We searched six databases for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and non-randomized studies of interventions (NRSIs) investigating the effect of Schroth in children and adults with scoliosis or kyphosis. General characteristics, methodological approaches, treatment protocols, and outcomes reporting were analyzed. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using an adapted Cochrane RoB2 tool for RCTs and ROBINS-I for NRSI. Eligible studies (n = 7) were conducted in six countries and included patients with Scheuermann’s kyphosis (n = 1) and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (n = 6). Though all seven studies used the term Schroth to describe their interventions, the Schroth method was used in four of seven studies, of which only one used Schroth classification, three used Schroth therapists, and none prospectively registered the study protocol. Overall, methodological rigor was suboptimal, potentially invalidating evidence synthesis. Authors should follow minimum standards for reporting, including prospectively registering detailed protocols; using appropriate exercise labeling, Schroth classification and certified therapists; naming and describing exercises per classification; and providing therapy dosages, prescription methods, and adherence

CONSORT checklist.

BackgroundAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional structural asymmetry of the spine and trunk affecting 2–4% of adolescents. Standard treatment is observation, bracing, and surgery for small, moderate, and large curves, respectively. Schroth exercises aim to correct posture and reduce curve progression.PurposeThis study aimed to determine the effect of Schroth exercises added to the standard care compared to standard care alone on torso asymmetry in AIS.MethodsIn a randomized controlled trial (NCT01610908), 124 participants with AIS (age: 10–18, Cobb: 10°-45°, Risser: ≤3) were randomly assigned to the control (Standard care only) or Schroth (Standard care + Schroth treatment) group. Schroth treatment consisted of 1-hour weekly supervised sessions and 30–45 minutes of daily home exercises for six months. The control group received Schroth exercises in the last six months of the 1-year monitoring period. Markerless 3D surface topography assessed torso asymmetry measured by maximum deviation (MaxDev) and root mean square (RMS). Intention to treat linear mixed effects model analysis was compared to the per protocol analysis.ResultsIn the intention to treat analysis, the Schroth group (n = 63) had significantly larger decreased RMS (-1.2 mm, 95%CI [-1.5,-0.9]mm, p = 0.012) and MaxDev (-1.9mm, 95%CI [-2.4,-1.5]mm, p = 0.025) measurements compared to controls (n = 57) after six months of intervention. In the per protocol analysis (Schroth n = 39, control n = 36), the Schroth group also had a significantly larger decrease compared to the control in both the RMS (-1.0mm, 95%CI [-1.9, -0.2]mm, p = 0.013) and MaxDev measurements (-2.0mm, 95%CI [-3.3,-0.5]mm, p = 0.037). For the control group, both the intention to treat and per protocol analysis showed no difference in RMS and MaxDev in the last six months of Schroth intervention (p>0.5).ConclusionSchroth Exercise treatment added to standard care (observation or bracing) reduced asymmetry measurements in AIS. As expected, a greater effect was observed for participants who followed the prescribed exercise treatment per protocol.</div

CONSORT flow-chart showing intention to treat and per protocol group sample sizes.

CONSORT flow-chart showing intention to treat and per protocol group sample sizes.</p

Comparison between groups from the per protocol analysis (mean ± SE).

Comparison of (a) RMS (mm) and (b) MaxDev (mm) outcomes. Linear mixed effects analysis produced the p-value presented.</p

Comparison between groups from intention to treat analysis (mean ± SE).

Comparison of (a) RMS (mm) and (b) MaxDev (mm) outcomes. Linear mixed effects analysis produced the p-value presented.</p