443 research outputs found
Long-term follow-up after combined fissurectomy and Botox injection for chronic anal fissures
Background and aims: Chronic anal fissures are difficult to treat. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the outcome of combined fissurectomy and injection of botulinum toxin Type A (BT). Materials and methods: Between January 2001 and August 2004, 40 patients (21 women), median age 37years (range 18 to 57), underwent fissurectomy and BT injection. Fissurectomy was performed followed by injection of 10U of BT into the internal anal sphincter on both sides of the fissure. All patients were clinically checked 6weeks after the operation. At 1year, patients were sent a detailed questionnaire regarding symptoms, recurrence and further treatment for evaluation of long-term results. Results/findings: At 6weeks, 38 patients (95%) were free of symptoms. No adverse effects were detected. The response rate of questionnaires was 93%; the median follow-up was 1year (range 0.9 to 1.6). In the long-term, a recurrence was found in four patients. These patients were treated successfully with repeated fissurectomy and BT injections and salvage procedures, respectively. Overall, the success rate of combined fissurectomy and BT injection was 79%. Interpretation/conclusion: Combined fissurectomy and Botox injection for chronic anal fissure is an excellent and safe procedure with low morbidity and a high healing rat
Long-term follow-up after combined fissurectomy and Botox injection for chronic anal fissures
Background and aims: Chronic anal fissures are difficult to treat. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the outcome of combined fissurectomy and injection of botulinum toxin Type A (BT). Materials and methods: Between January 2001 and August 2004, 40 patients (21 women), median age 37years (range 18 to 57), underwent fissurectomy and BT injection. Fissurectomy was performed followed by injection of 10U of BT into the internal anal sphincter on both sides of the fissure. All patients were clinically checked 6weeks after the operation. At 1year, patients were sent a detailed questionnaire regarding symptoms, recurrence and further treatment for evaluation of long-term results. Results/findings: At 6weeks, 38 patients (95%) were free of symptoms. No adverse effects were detected. The response rate of questionnaires was 93%; the median follow-up was 1year (range 0.9 to 1.6). In the long-term, a recurrence was found in four patients. These patients were treated successfully with repeated fissurectomy and BT injections and salvage procedures, respectively. Overall, the success rate of combined fissurectomy and BT injection was 79%. Interpretation/conclusion: Combined fissurectomy and Botox injection for chronic anal fissure is an excellent and safe procedure with low morbidity and a high healing rat
Barbiturate und energieliefernder Stoffwechsel in der hämoglobinfrei durchströmten Leber der Ratte
Peer Reviewe
Numerical modeling of microplastic interaction with fine sediment under estuarine conditions
Microplastic (MP) pollution is an important challenge for human life which has consequently affected the natural system of other organisms. Mismanagement and also careless handling of plastics in daily life has led to an accelerating contamination of air, water and soil compartments with MP. Under estuarine conditions, interactions with suspended particulate matter (SPM) like fine sediment in the water column play an important role on the fate of MP. Further studies to better understand the corresponding transport and accumulation mechanisms are required. This paper aims at providing a new modeling approach improving the MP settling velocity formulation based on higher suspended fine sediment concentrations, as i.e. existent in estuarine turbidity zones (ETZ). The capability of the suggested approach is examined through the modeling of released MP transport in water and their interactions with fine sediment (cohesive sediment/fluid mud). The model results suggest higher concentrations of MP in ETZ, both in the water column as well as the bed sediment, which is also supported by measurements. The key process in the modeling approach is the integration of small MP particles into estuarine fine sediment aggregates. This is realized by means of a threshold sediment concentration, above which the effective MP settling velocity increasingly approaches that of the sediment aggregates. The model results are in good agreement with measured MP mass concentrations. Moreover, the model results also show that lighter small MP particles can easier escape the ETZ towards the open sea
The bipolar outflow and disk of the brown dwarf ISO217
We show that the very young brown dwarf candidate ISO217 (M6.25) is driving
an intrinsically asymmetric bipolar outflow with a stronger and slightly faster
red-shifted component based on spectro-astrometry of forbidden [SII] emission
lines observed in UVES/VLT spectra taken in 2009. ISO217 is only one of a
handful of brown dwarfs and VLMS (M5-M8) for which an outflow has been detected
and that show that the T Tauri phase continues at the substellar limit. We
measure a spatial extension of the outflow of +/-190mas (+/-30AU) and
velocities of +/-40-50kms/s. We show that the velocity asymmetry between both
lobes is variable on timescales of a few years and that the strong asymmetry of
a factor of 2 found in 2007 might be smaller than originally anticipated when
using a more realistic stellar rest-velocity. We also detect forbidden
[FeII]7155 emission, for which we propose as potential origin the hot inner
regions of the outflow. To understand the ISO217 system, we determine the disk
properties based on radiative transfer modeling of the SED. This disk model
agrees very well with Herschel/PACS data at 70mu. We find that the disk is
flared and intermediately inclined (~45deg). The total disk mass (4e-6 Msun) is
small compared to the accretion and outflow rate of ISO217 (~1e-10 Msun/yr). We
propose that this discrepancy can be explained by either a higher disk mass
than inferred from the model (strong undetected grain growth) and/or by an on
average lower accretion and outflow rate than the determined values. We show
that a disk inclination significantly exceeding 45deg, as suggested from Halpha
modeling and from both lobes of the outflow being visible, is inconsistent with
the SED data. Thus, despite its intermediate inclination angle, the disk of
this brown dwarf does not appear to obscure the red outflow component, which is
very rarely seen for T Tauri objects (only one other case).Comment: Accepted for publication at A&A; minor changes (language editing
Polarisation of very-low-mass stars and brown dwarfs
Ultra-cool dwarfs of the L spectral type (Teff=1400-2200K) are known to have
dusty atmospheres. Asymmetries of the dwarf surface may arise from
rotationally-induced flattening and dust-cloud coverage, and may result in
non-zero linear polarisation through dust scattering.
We aim to study the heterogeneity of ultra-cool dwarfs' atmospheres and the
grain-size effects on the polarisation degree in a sample of nine late M, L and
early T dwarfs.
We obtain linear polarimetric imaging measurements using FORS1 at the Very
Large Telescope, in the Bessel I filter, and for a subset in the Bessel R and
the Gunn z filters.
We measure a polarisation degree of (0.31+/-0.06)% for LHS102BC. We fail to
detect linear polarisation in the rest of our sample, with upper-limits on the
polarisation degree of each object of 0.09% to 0.76% (95% CL). For those
targets we do not find evidence of large-scale cloud horizontal structure in
our data. Together with previous surveys, our results set the fraction of
ultra-cool dwarfs with detected linear polarisation to (30+10-6)% (1-sigma).
For three brown dwarfs, our observations indicate polarisation degrees
different (at the 3-sigma level) than previously reported, giving hints of
possible variations.
Our results fail to correlate with the current model predictions for
ultra-cool dwarf polarisation for a flattening-induced polarisation, or with
the variability studies for a polarisation induced by an hetereneous cloud
cover. This stresses the intricacy of each of those tasks, but may as well
proceed from complex and dynamic atmospheric processes.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, accepted by A&A. Reference problem and a few
typos corrected; improved error treatment of Zapatero Osorio et al (2005)
data, leading to minor differences in the result
Planetary companions around the metal-poor star HIP 11952
Aims. We carried out a radial-velocity survey to search for planets around
metal-poor stars. In this paper we report the discovery of two planets around
HIP 11952, a metal-poor star with [Fe/H]= -1.9 that belongs to our target
sample. Methods. Radial velocity variations of HIP 11952 were monitored
systematically with FEROS at the 2.2 m telescope located at the ESO La Silla
observatory from August 2009 until January 2011. We used a cross-correlation
technique to measure the stellar radial velocities (RV). Results. We detected a
long-period RV variation of 290 d and a short-period one of 6.95 d. The
spectroscopic analysis of the stellar activity reveals a stellar rotation
period of 4.8 d. The Hipparcos photometry data shows intra-day variabilities,
which give evidence for stellar pulsations. Based on our analysis, the observed
RV variations are most likely caused by the presence of unseen planetary
companions. Assuming a primary mass of 0.83 M\odot, we computed minimum
planetary masses of 0.78 MJup for the inner and 2.93 MJup for the outer planet.
The semi-major axes are a1 = 0.07 AU and a2 = 0.81 AU, respectively.
Conclusions. HIP 11952 is one of very few stars with [Fe/H]< -1.0 which have
planetary companions. This discovery is important to understand planet
formation around metal-poor starsComment: Published in A&
Crack-Like Processes Governing the Onset of Frictional Slip
We perform real-time measurements of the net contact area between two blocks
of like material at the onset of frictional slip. We show that the process of
interface detachment, which immediately precedes the inception of frictional
sliding, is governed by three different types of detachment fronts. These
crack-like detachment fronts differ by both their propagation velocities and by
the amount of net contact surface reduction caused by their passage. The most
rapid fronts propagate at intersonic velocities but generate a negligible
reduction in contact area across the interface. Sub-Rayleigh fronts are
crack-like modes which propagate at velocities up to the Rayleigh wave speed,
VR, and give rise to an approximate 10% reduction in net contact area. The most
efficient contact area reduction (~20%) is precipitated by the passage of slow
detachment fronts. These fronts propagate at anomalously slow velocities, which
are over an order of magnitude lower than VR yet orders of magnitude higher
than other characteristic velocity scales such as either slip or loading
velocities. Slow fronts are generated, in conjunction with intersonic fronts,
by the sudden arrest of sub-Rayleigh fronts. No overall sliding of the
interface occurs until either of the slower two fronts traverses the entire
interface, and motion at the leading edge of the interface is initiated. Slip
at the trailing edge of the interface accompanies the motion of both the slow
and sub-Rayleigh fronts. We might expect these modes to be important in both
fault nucleation and earthquake dynamics.Comment: 19 page, 5 figures, to appear in International Journal of Fractur
MBM 12: young protoplanetary discs at high galactic latitude
(abridged) We present Spitzer infrared observations to constrain disc and
dust evolution in young T Tauri stars in MBM 12, a star-forming cloud at high
latitude with an age of 2 Myr and a distance of 275 pc. The region contains 12
T Tauri systems, with primary spectral types between K3 and M6; 5 are weak-line
and the rest classical T Tauri stars. We first use MIPS and literature
photometry to compile spectral energy distributions for each of the 12 members
in MBM 12, and derive their IR excesses. The IRS spectra are analysed with the
newly developed two-layer temperature distribution (TLTD) spectral
decomposition method. For the 7 T Tauri stars with a detected IR excess, we
analyse their solid-state features to derive dust properties such as
mass-averaged grain size, composition and crystallinity. We find a spatial
gradient in the forsterite to enstatite range, with more enstatite present in
the warmer regions. The fact that we see a radial dependence of the dust
properties indicates that radial mixing is not very efficient in the discs of
these young T Tauri stars. The SED analysis shows that the discs in MBM 12, in
general, undergo rapid inner disc clearing, while the binary sources have
faster discevolution. The dust grains seem to evolve independently from the
stellar properties, but are mildly related to disc properties such as flaring
and accretion rates.Comment: 14 pages, accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysic
Complete mitochondrial genomes and nuclear ribosomal RNA operons of two species of Diplostomum (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda): a molecular resource for taxonomy and molecular epidemiology of important fish pathogens
© 2015 Brabec et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://
creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. The attached file is the published version of the article
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