RadioActive101: Using internet radio to break-down the boundaries for inclusion into smart cities

Although ‘Smart Cities’ is an enticing and progressive concept and metaphor for conceiving and designing socio-technical educational systems in the 21C, clear examples of how this might be realised in practice are only just emerging. Similarly, although few would disagree with the desire to incorporate into our ‘learning designs’ notions such as ‘person in place’, ‘smartness and well-being of communities’ and the need for 21C thinking and literacy skills, where these concepts are located and where they are actualised is often opaque. This article presents a clear and somewhat radical example of how ‘smart city’ notions can be articulated and also used to challenge conventional norms about ‘who is smart’. It does this through describing the implementation and evaluation of RadioActive101, an international internet radio hub that is an educational intervention which gives a voice to disenfranchised groups in mostly urban areas throughout Europe, with a particular focus on at-risk and unemployed young people. This paper will describe this project along with its strikingly positive evaluation so far, which questions, in our digital age, some of the tenets of traditional education, and the boundaries for who can become agents of positive social change within our developing smart cities

Reflections on the acceptance and success of RadioActive101: Motivation through problematisation, improved well-being,emancipation and extreme learning

One way to tackle the often neglected and also ‘slippery’ and complex concept of motivation in Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) is to reflect on what motivational and affective factors led, or may have led, to the acceptance and success of a TEL innovation. This article does this, through presenting the implementation and evaluation of a ‘radical’ TEL intervention, called RadioActive101, an active international internet radio hub that is an educational intervention which promotes inclusion and informal learning through giving a voice to disenfranchised groups in mostly urban areas throughout Europe, with a particular focus on at-risk and unemployed young people. This paper will: contextualize RadioActive101 from a motivation perspective; describe this project along with its strikingly positive evaluation so far; and reflect on the motivational and affective factors that are implicated. These motivational factors and forces, as our title indicates, are linked to our design approach (the problematisation), improvements in confidence and well-being, the perceived and actual value of the learning (as emancipation) and the motivation bought about through ‘extreme’ learning

Seroprevalence of bovine leptospirosis in reproductive-age female bovines in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a soroprevalência da leptospirose bovina em fêmeas em idade reprodutiva do Estado de São Paulo, estratificado em sete regiões produtoras. Foram utilizados o delineamento estatístico, as amostras sorológicas e as informações contidas nos questionários empregados no Programa Nacional de Controle e Erradicação da Brucelose e Tuberculose (PNCETB), instituído pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, considerando-se a utilização de fêmeas bovinas com idade '> OU =' a 24 meses (excluindo-se machos), diferentes tipos de produção, práticas de manejo, finalidades de reprodução, tamanho dos rebanhos e sistema de comercialização. Realizou-se a Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM) em 8.216 amostras sorológicas de animais provenientes de 1.021 propriedades. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a infecção por Leptospira spp. ocorre em todo o Estado de São Paulo, com soroprevalência de 49,4% (IC 95% = 44,4%-54,4%) nas fêmeas bovinas em idade reprodutiva e em 718 (71,3%; IC 95% = 68,5%-74%) das propriedades analisadas. O sorovar Hardjo (46%) e sua associação com o sorovar Wolffi (21%) foram prevalentes entre o total de animais sororeagentes, seguidos pelos sorovares Shermani (8,9%), Autumnalis (4,4%) e Grippotyphosa (3,9%). Leptospira spp. está distribuída por todo estado e independe do tipo de exploração, manejo e das práticas de reprodução adotadas nos rebanhosThe objective of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of bovine leptopirosis in São Paulo State, stratified in seven cattle production regions. It was based on the statistic delineation, serological samples and responses to the survey employed in the National Program for Control and Eradication of Brucelosis and Tuberculosis established by Ministry of Agriculture (2001). From the herds selected, serological analysis was only conducted on the cows '> OU =' 24 months old (excluding the males). The study took into consideration the herd size, the type of productive exploration, the reproductive handling, bovine practices and the commercialization system. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was applied on 8,216 serum samples from 1,021 different farms. The results showed that leptospirose infection occurs all over the seven regions of São Paulo State with 49.4% (CI 95% = 44.4-54.4%) animal seroprevalence and in 718 (71.3%; CI 95% = 68.5-74.0%) of the herds analyzed. Hardjo (46%) was the prevalent serovar for all the animals examined, followed by the Hardjo/Wolffi association (21%), Shermani (8.9%), Autumnalis (4.4%) and Grippotyphosa (3.9%). Leptospira spp. is present in all regions of the State of São Paulo and its occurrence is independent of the handling conditions and reproductive practices adopted in the herd

Characterization of Modular Bacteriophage Endolysins from Myoviridae Phages OBP, 201ϕ2-1 and PVP-SE1

Peptidoglycan lytic enzymes (endolysins) induce bacterial host cell lysis in the late phase of the lytic bacteriophage replication cycle. Endolysins OBPgp279 (from Pseudomonas fluorescens phage OBP), PVP-SE1gp146 (Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage PVP-SE1) and 201ϕ2-1gp229 (Pseudomonas chlororaphis phage 201ϕ2-1) all possess a modular structure with an N-terminal cell wall binding domain and a C-terminal catalytic domain, a unique property for endolysins with a Gram-negative background. All three modular endolysins showed strong muralytic activity on the peptidoglycan of a broad range of Gram-negative bacteria, partly due to the presence of the cell wall binding domain. In the case of PVP-SE1gp146, this domain shows a binding affinity for Salmonella peptidoglycan that falls within the range of typical cell adhesion molecules (Kaff = 1.26×106 M−1). Remarkably, PVP-SE1gp146 turns out to be thermoresistant up to temperatures of 90°C, making it a potential candidate as antibacterial component in hurdle technology for food preservation. OBPgp279, on the other hand, is suggested to intrinsically destabilize the outer membrane of Pseudomonas species, thereby gaining access to their peptidoglycan and exerts an antibacterial activity of 1 logarithmic unit reduction. Addition of 0.5 mM EDTA significantly increases the antibacterial activity of the three modular endolysins up to 2–3 logarithmic units reduction. This research work offers perspectives towards elucidation of the structural differences explaining the unique biochemical and antibacterial properties of OBPgp279, PVP-SE1gp146 and 201ϕ2-1gp229. Furthermore, these endolysins extensively enlarge the pool of potential antibacterial compounds used against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections

Consumer Complaints and Company Market Value

Consumer complaints affect company market value and common sense suggests that a negative impact is expected. However, do complaints always negatively impact company market value? We hypothesize in this study that complaints may have a non-linear effect on market value. Positive (e.g. avoiding high costs to solve complaints) and negative (e.g. speedy and intense diffusion) tradeoffs may occur given the level of complaints. To test our non-linear hypothesis, a panel data was collected from cell phone service providers from 2005 to 2013. The results supported our tradeoff rationale. Low levels of complaints allow for companies to increase market value, while high levels of complaints cause increasing harm to market value. The sample, model and period considered in this study, indicates a level of 0.49 complaints per thousand consumers as the threshold for a shift in tradeoffs. The effects on market value become increasingly negative when trying to make reductions to move below this level, due to negative tradeoffs

The Science of Sungrazers, Sunskirters, and Other Near-Sun Comets

This review addresses our current understanding of comets that venture close to the Sun, and are hence exposed to much more extreme conditions than comets that are typically studied from Earth. The extreme solar heating and plasma environments that these objects encounter change many aspects of their behaviour, thus yielding valuable information on both the comets themselves that complements other data we have on primitive solar system bodies, as well as on the near-solar environment which they traverse. We propose clear definitions for these comets: We use the term near-Sun comets to encompass all objects that pass sunward of the perihelion distance of planet Mercury (0.307 AU). Sunskirters are defined as objects that pass within 33 solar radii of the Sun’s centre, equal to half of Mercury’s perihelion distance, and the commonly-used phrase sungrazers to be objects that reach perihelion within 3.45 solar radii, i.e. the fluid Roche limit. Finally, comets with orbits that intersect the solar photosphere are termed sundivers. We summarize past studies of these objects, as well as the instruments and facilities used to study them, including space-based platforms that have led to a recent revolution in the quantity and quality of relevant observations. Relevant comet populations are described, including the Kreutz, Marsden, Kracht, and Meyer groups, near-Sun asteroids, and a brief discussion of their origins. The importance of light curves and the clues they provide on cometary composition are emphasized, together with what information has been gleaned about nucleus parameters, including the sizes and masses of objects and their families, and their tensile strengths. The physical processes occurring at these objects are considered in some detail, including the disruption of nuclei, sublimation, and ionisation, and we consider the mass, momentum, and energy loss of comets in the corona and those that venture to lower altitudes. The different components of comae and tails are described, including dust, neutral and ionised gases, their chemical reactions, and their contributions to the near-Sun environment. Comet-solar wind interactions are discussed, including the use of comets as probes of solar wind and coronal conditions in their vicinities. We address the relevance of work on comets near the Sun to similar objects orbiting other stars, and conclude with a discussion of future directions for the field and the planned ground- and space-based facilities that will allow us to address those science topics

The genomes of two key bumblebee species with primitive eusocial organization

Background: The shift from solitary to social behavior is one of the major evolutionary transitions. Primitively eusocial bumblebees are uniquely placed to illuminate the evolution of highly eusocial insect societies. Bumblebees are also invaluable natural and agricultural pollinators, and there is widespread concern over recent population declines in some species. High-quality genomic data will inform key aspects of bumblebee biology, including susceptibility to implicated population viability threats. Results: We report the high quality draft genome sequences of Bombus terrestris and Bombus impatiens, two ecologically dominant bumblebees and widely utilized study species. Comparing these new genomes to those of the highly eusocial honeybee Apis mellifera and other Hymenoptera, we identify deeply conserved similarities, as well as novelties key to the biology of these organisms. Some honeybee genome features thought to underpin advanced eusociality are also present in bumblebees, indicating an earlier evolution in the bee lineage. Xenobiotic detoxification and immune genes are similarly depauperate in bumblebees and honeybees, and multiple categories of genes linked to social organization, including development and behavior, show high conservation. Key differences identified include a bias in bumblebee chemoreception towards gustation from olfaction, and striking differences in microRNAs, potentially responsible for gene regulation underlying social and other traits. Conclusions: These two bumblebee genomes provide a foundation for post-genomic research on these key pollinators and insect societies. Overall, gene repertoires suggest that the route to advanced eusociality in bees was mediated by many small changes in many genes and processes, and not by notable expansion or depauperation