Depressão e Risco de Suicídio em Militares da GNR

A taxa média de suicídio nas forças de segurança segundo fonte do Gabinete do Ministro da Administração interna, foi nos últimos 5 anos de 11,3%. Muito embora estes valores se mostrem inferiores às taxas registadas na sociedade civil, torna-se emergente actuar no sentido de reduzir as taxas de incidência do suicídio nas forças de segurança. A realização de estudos que abordem esta realidade assume assim especial pertinência. Para a investigação, a amostra contou com 95 sujeitos, todos militares da GNR, em funções na zona centro do país, e teve como objectivo central o estudo relacional entre a eventual existência de Depressão e comportamentos de risco Suicidários nos Militares da GNR. Para medir o risco de suicídio foi utilizada Escala de Risco Suicidário de Stork, bem como o Inventário Clínico da Depressão (IACLIDE) aferido para a população portuguesa, pelo psiquiatra Adriano Vaz Serra. Foram recolhidos alguns dados de caracterização sóciodemográfica. Os nossos resultados indicam que a amostra em estudo não apresenta valores de depressão, isto é, 90,5% (n= 95) da amostra encontra-se com um grau de depressão considerado normal. Contudo, 1,1% da amostra total apresenta um grau de depressão considerado grave. No que se reporta às dimensões do IACLIDE e tal como esperado, sintomas, factores e previsão de incapacidade apresentam valores mais elevados no caso do subgrupo dos sujeitos com depressão. O resultado dos estudos do questionário de risco suicidiário de J. Stork, revelaram que o índice de risco suicidiário para a amostra em estudo, corresponde a um risco considerado normal. Quanto ao estudo da relação entre variáveis, observa-se uma distribuição irregular em que os sujeitos sem depressão apresentam diversos graus de risco suicidiário, do mesmo modo que indivíduos com diferentes graus de depressão podem ou não estar em risco. / The middle tax of suicide in the strength of security according to the Office of the Ministro da Administração Interna was in the last five years of 11,3 %. Much though these values appear inferior to the taxes registered in the civil society. That makes emergent to act in the sense of reducing the taxes of incidence of suicide in the strength of security. The realization of studies that board this reality assumes so special relevance. For the investigation the sample disposed of 95 subjects, all soldiers of the GNR, in functions in the centre region of the country, and took as a central objective the relational study between the eventual existence of Depression and behaviours of secondary risks in the Soldiers of the GNR. To measure the risk of suicide was used the Stork Scale of Suicide Risk, as well as the Depression Clinical Inventory (IACLIDE) checked for the Portuguese population, by the psychiatrist Adriano Vaz Serra. They were gathered some data of demographic and social characterization. Our results indicate that the sample in study does not present values of depression, i.e. 90,5% (n = 95) of the sample represents a degree of depression that was evaluated as normal. Nevertheless, 1,1 % of the total sample presents a degree of depression that was evaluated as seriously. What concerns the dimensions of the IACLIDE and such as waited, symptoms, factors and foresight of incompetence present values more lifted up in case of the sub-group of the subjects with depression. The questionnaire study results of secondary risk of J. Stork showed that the rate of secondary risk for the sample in study corresponds to a risk evaluated as normal. As for the relation study between the variables there is observed an irregular distribution in which subjects without depression present several degrees of secondary risk in the same way which individuals with different degrees of depression can or can not to be in risk

Personalidad autoconcepto soporte social y resiliencia perfil del bombero en la ciudad de Lisboa

Este trabajo ha tenido como objetivo trazar el perfil psicosocial del bombero que ejerce funciones en la ciudad de Lisboa. Participaron en el estudio 211 sujetos, el 98,6% de los cuales son de sexo masculino. Las variables analizadas fueron: Personalidad, Autoconcepto, Satisfación con el Soporte Social y Resiliencia. Para medir la Personalidad se recurrió al inventario de la personalidad NEO-FFI (NEO-Five Factor Inventory; Costa & McCrae, 1989), una forma reducida del NEO-PI-R (Costa & McCrae, 1985) y cuya versión portuguesa es de la autoría de Lima y Simões (2002). Para medir el Autoconcepto utilizamos el Inventario Clínico del Autoconcepto, desarrollado por Vaz Serra en 1986, que evalúa los aspectos sociales y emocionales del Autoconcepto. El Soporte Social se evaluó mediante la Escala de Satisfacción con el Soporte Social (ESSS) construida por Pais Ribeiro (1999), finalmente, la Resiliencia, medida por la Escala de Resiliencia desarrollada por Connor y Davidson en el 2003, cuya versión portuguesa es de la responsabilidad de la Maria Teresa Ribeiro. Se obtuvieron los datos utilizando esencialmente unas estadísticas descriptivas (medidas de tendencia central), la estadística correlación y la Regresión Lineal Múltiple y simple. Los resultados indicaron que nuestra muestra presenta un perfil globalmente ajustado al desempeño de las funciones de bombero, en donde los valores promedio de Satisfacción con el Soporte Social y de Resiliencia no están a la altura del expectável. Los mejores resultados se obtuvieron en las dimensiones Extraversión y Concienciosidad, predictoras del Autoconcepto y Resiliencia. También fueron importantes los resultados obtenidos para el Autoconcepto y la Satisfacción con el Soporte Social que han demostrado ser predictores de Resiliencia. Los resultados menos esperados han envuelto una tendencia para elevado Neuroticismo y la falta de correlación entre el Autoconcepto y la Satisfacción con el Soporte Social. Los resultados señalaron la importancia de desarrollar acciones de promoción de la salud con el objetivo de potenciar, tanto cuanto posible, el Soporte Social y la Resiliencia, consideradas las variables más relevantes para el desempeño de las funciones de bombero.The main goal of this project is to outline the psychosocial profile of the firefighter working in the city of Lisbon. This study had the participation of 211 individuals, 98,6% of which were male. The variables analyzed were: Personality, Self-concept, Satisfaction with the Social Support, and Resilience. In order to measure Personality, was applied the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) of Costa & McCrae (1989), which is a shortened version of the NEO-PI-R of Costa & McCrae (1985) and whom Portuguese author is Lima e Simões (2002). In order to measure Self-Concept, was used the Clinical Inventory of Self-Concept, developed by Vaz-Serra in 1986, which main purpose is evaluating social and emotional aspects of Self-Concept. Satisfaction with Social Support was assessed through the Satisfaction Scale with Social Support (ESSS) built by Pais Ribeiro (1999). Finally, Resilience was measured using the Resilience Scale developed by Connor and Davidson in 2003 and whose Portuguese version is from the responsibility of Dr. Maria Teresa Ribeiro. The data was obtained using essentially a descriptive statistic (central tendency measures), correlational statistic and simple and multiple linear regression. The results indicate that the sample displays a profile globally adjusted to the performance of the firefighters duties, while the medium values of Satisfaction with the Social Support and Resilience are below the expectations, once the related efficiency of the performance depends of these variables, especially of Resilience. The best results were obtained in the Extroversion and Conscientiousness Personality Dimensions, wich predicted positive Self-Concept and Resilience. Also important were the results showing that Self-Concept and Satisfaction with Social Support predicted Resilience. Unexpected results involved a tendency to high levels of Neuroticism and the inexistence of the expected correlation between Self-Concept and Satisfaction with Social Support. The results point out the importance of developing health promotion action in order to maximize as much as possible the Social Support and Resilience, which are considered the most relevant variables to the performance of the firefighters duties

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved