King Lear: A Negatively Capable Outsider

Negative capability, John Keats’s coined term, defines the ideal poet as being capable of being in uncertainties and mysteries without any irritable reaching after fact and reason. He insists that poets let the mind be a thoroughfare for all thoughts, by holding no fixed identity but metamorphic identities. Although Keats finds the ideal quality of a poet in Shakespeare the poet, it does not appear far from logical to investigate it in the characters of his plays, specifically king Lear, as he undergoes changes throughout the story and cuts across his enclosed self to enrich his receptivity to the actual vastness of life experience after he is estranged and labelled as an outsider in his erstwhile kingdom. In the present study I will employ the ongoing vigor of negative capability to take a step further ahead of its theoretically stipulated implications and investigate it on the character of king Lear

The Encoding / Decoding Model on Keats’s “Ode on a Grecian Urn” as a Thing

John Keats, a main figure in the second generation of Romantic poets, was not generally well received by his contemporary critics, though during the course of time, he has become one of the most beloved poets. Stuart Hall proposes an analytical model of communication, namely the encoding / decoding model, which assumes a complex structure of relations to be produced and sustained through linked but distinctive moments which are termed as production, circulation, distribution/ consumption, and reproduction. This paper employs Hall’s encoding / decoding communication model as a yardstick to move beyond his approach, which mainly addresses modern mass media and communication system, and relate the distinctive moments playing integrally in encoding and decoding to Keats’s Ode on a Grecian Urn (1819). Furthermore, there is an attempt to turn the spotlight on the ode’s durability after the French Revolution passions abate and the poem starts to gain its thingness

The Contributions of Cognitive Individual Differences on EFL Productive Skills through Online Instruction

Although there is adequate research about learning style and motivation in face-to-face classes, there is still a scarceness of available studies exploring such individual differences in EFL online settings and to the best knowledge of the researcher, no previous studies even try to address their impacts on EFL learners' productive skill in online EFL classroom settings. To this end, this study which is one of the newest in this field aimed at increasing our understanding of the contribution of such cognitive individual differences on EFL productive skills through online instruction using concurrent triangulation design. The results demonstrated that out of the two cognitive individual differences, the strongest association was observed between the motivation variable and EFL productive skills. Nevertheless, unlike other studies the relation between learning style use and EFL productive skills proficiency was not significant. The implications of the study will instill new insights for EFL researchers and language learners to consider the recent pandemic as a blessing in disguise, acting as a foundation stone towards online EFL instruction advancement in the Iran. Also, since motivation impact language achievement significantly, building a learner-friendly and encouraging atmosphere in online settings is therefore vital

Prevalence of Clinically Isolated Metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Coding Genes, and Possible Risk Factors in Iran

Background & Objective: The spread of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a global concern. Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) enzymes cause extensive drug resistance among Gram-negative bacteria. The current study aimed at determining the prevalence of MBL-producing P. aeruginosa in Iran. Data extraction: A total of 43 studies were found out of which 36 were adopted. Data were collected from Google, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Sciverse. The terms “Pseudomonas aeruginosa”, “metallo-beta-lactamase”, “prevalence”, “carbapenems”, and “Iran” were searched. Data from the isolates not producing MBLs were excluded from the study. Data were analyzed with Graph Pad Prism 6, meta-analysis section. Results: According to the results of the current study, 36 surveys indicated that 55% of the clinically isolated P. aeruginosa in Iran were resistant to imipenem and meropenem, among which 37.72% were the MBL producers. Among genes encoding MBLs, blaVIM and blaIMP were predominant with the prevalence of 12.91%±11.01% and 12.50%±23.56%, respectively. No report of harboring blaNDM1 and blaSPM1 by P. aeruginosa was found, similar to most of the other countries in Asia. The prevalence of blaVIM and blaIMP from burn settings were 11.50%±3.5% and 24.65%±23%, respectively. Furthermore, the prevalence of these genes was not significantly different among burn and non-burn isolates (P=0.942 and P=0.597, respectively). Moreover, no relationship was observed between the MBL production and patients’ age range. Conclusion: Approximately half of P. aeruginosa isolates were carbapenem-resistant in Iran, and approximately half were the MBL producers. The blaVIM and blaIMP were the predominant MBLs among P. aeruginosa strains, while other genes were not found in P. aeruginosa. Moreover, there was no significant difference between blaVIM and blaIMP among burn and non-burn isolates. Due to the multiple drug resistance conferred by MBLs, detection and control of their spread alongside proper therapeutic regimens in hospitals and community settings are essential to prevent infection acquisition. © 2017, IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY

Effect of Biolep®, Permethrin and Hexaflumuron on mortality of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera)

Cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera is a major pest in cotton and one of the most polyphagous and cosmopolitan pest species of several crops such as cotton, pulses and vegetables in Asia. Lethal effects of Biolep®, Permethrin and Hexaflumuron belong to three different groups of insecticides were compared on larval stages of H. armigera. The trial was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments including a control and replicated thrice. Our results shown three insecticides, Biolep®, Permethrin and Hexaflumuron had significant difference in larval population mortality of H. armigera. After 3rd day Biolep® caused maximum mortality that was 39 larvae. Permethrin and Hexaflumuron caused 29 and 31 larval mortality after 3rd day, respectively. Generally, the number of mortality decreased and the maximum rate of mortality in 12th day was 7 larvae that obtained by using Hexaflumuron. Our results showed that the Hexaflumuron was persistent in comparison with other insecticides. Biolep® registered above 75% (average 77) reduction in number of larvae on the basis of post-spray data, followed by 68% and 70% each by Permethrin and Hexaflumuron, respectively

A New Method to Calculate Centrifugal Pump Performance Parameters for Industrial Oils

Pumping of oil instead of water using centrifugal pumps causes rapid increase in the hydraulic losses which results significant reduction in head and efficiency. Therefore, deriving analytical methods to calculate variation of pump performance parameters versus working fluid viscosity is very important. In the present study, a novel method is proposed to calculate the head (H), efficiency ( ) and input power ( in P ) based on the loss analysis for pumps using industrial oils. A computer code is developed based on represented method and the results of this method are compared with experimental results for a centrifugal pump of type KWP KBloc65- 200. The results show good agreement between analytical and experimental methods. Finally, using such computer code, diagrams of head, efficiency and input power versus working fluid viscosity are plotted.The results show an interesting point known as “sudden rising head” which is observed experimentally and numerically in literatures

Metabolism within the tumor microenvironment and its implication on cancer progression: an ongoing therapeutic target

Since reprogramming energy metabolism is considered a new hallmark of cancer, tumor metabolism is again in the spotlight of cancer research. Many studies have been carried out and many possible therapies have been developed in the last years. However, tumor cells are not alone. A series of extracellular components and stromal cells, such as endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-infiltrating T cells, surround tumor cells in the so-called tumor microenvironment. Metabolic features of these cells are being studied in deep in order to find relationships between metabolism within the tumor microenvironment and tumor progression. Moreover, it cannot be forgotten that tumor growth is able to modulate host metabolism and homeostasis, so that tumor microenvironment is not the whole story. Importantly, the metabolic switch in cancer is just a consequence of the flexibility and adaptability of metabolism and should not be surprising. Treatments of cancer patients with combined therapies including anti-tumor agents with those targeting stromal cell metabolism, anti-angiogenic drugs and/or immunotherapy are being developed as promising therapeutics.Mª Carmen Ocaña is recipient of a predoctoral FPU grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport. Supported by grants BIO2014-56092-R (MINECO and FEDER), P12-CTS-1507 (Andalusian Government and FEDER) and funds from group BIO-267 (Andalusian Government). The "CIBER de Enfermedades Raras" is an initiative from the ISCIII (Spain). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript

Shakespearean outsiders' rhetoric and Keats's negative capability

In einer seiner Briefe schlug John Keats (1795-1821) vor, das Konzept der negativen Fähigkeit, welches die Denker dazu einlädt, in "Unsicherheiten, Geheimnissen und Zweifel" zu sein, das letzlich hilft, dem Geist eine Offenheit beizubehalten, die auf Selbstlosigkeit und Selbsternichtung grenzt. Seiner Meinung nach ist Shakespeare ein Mann des Erfolgs, der eine negative Fähigkeit darstellt. Die Hypothese ist, dass eine negative Fähigkeit nicht nur eine künstlerische Qualität, sondern auch eine menschliche Erfahrung ist, so das die vorliegende Arbeit das Konzept der negativen Fähigkeit zum Fokus dieser Untersuchung macht, durch den Versuch, die Definition zu verwenden und es auf drei, von Shakespeare tragische Charaktere, nämlich Othello, König Lear und Hamlet zu übertragen und die mögliche Veränderung der Rhetorik zu untersuchen.In one of his letters John Keats (1795- 1821) proposes the concept of negative capability which invites thinkers to be capable of being in ‘uncertainties, mysteries and doubts’ which ultimately helps the mind retain an openness that borders on disinterestedness and self-annihilation. In his opinion Shakespeare is a man of achievement who represents negative capability. The hypothesis is that negative capability is not only an artistic quality but also a human experience, so the present thesis makes the concept of negative capability the focus of study by attempting to employ its definition and apply it on three of Shakespeare’s tragic characters, namely Othello, King Lear and Hamlet, and the possible change in their rhetoric will be investigated

Nitric Oxide: The Missing Link in Omentum-Induced Metabolic reprogramming of ovarian cancers

A novel metabolic regulatory mechanism of ovarian cancer by omentum adipose-derived stroma cells (O-ASCs) has been discovered. O-ASCs induce survival, migration, and chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells. However, the underpinning mechanism behind the metabolic modulation was not understood. Here, O-ASCs are shown to promote nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis in ovarian cancers by generating the pool of arginine. Ovarian cancer cells benefit from tumor microenvironment’s elements and expand their growth. In turn, cancer cells modify the elements’ fate to further take advantage of nutrients and resources. A unique combinatory drug treatment is proposed to target O-ASCs-induced chemoresistance of ovarian cancer cells