SUPEROVULAÇÃO OVARIANA E PRODUÇÃO DE EMBRIÕES EM Bubalus bubalis

The aim of the present research work was to optimize ovarian superovulation rate and the embryo production in Murrah and Mediterranean buffaloes around the 60th day after parturition. Fourteen animals were divided in two groups of 7 animals each, G1 (treated animals) and G2 (untreated animals). All animals were subjected to a step of oestrus synchronization by receiving at the 0 day (OD) a vaginal pressary with progestagen (CIDR-B, Intervet), followed by the administration, in the morning of the day 1 (D1), of 3 mg stradiol benzoate IM (Estrogin, Farmavet, SP). The ovarian superovulation (SO) was carried out daily, at intervals of 12 hours in the morning and the afternoon by means of the administration of follicule stimulant hormone (FSH) (Pluset, Serono, Italy) in both groups of experimental animals, during four days according to the following protocol: at the 6th day, 75 IU; at the 7th day, 40 IU; at the 8th day, 30 IU; and at the 9th day, 20 IU. At the afternoon of the 8th day, administration of 500 µg of cloprostenol IM (Closin-Schering-Plough) was performed followed by the withdraw of the vaginal pessaries from all animals. Then, observations on the estrus of the experimental animals has been carried out. For this purpose the animals were inseminated twice at intervals of 12 hours. Additionaly, all animals from the G1, together with the first artificial insemination (AI) received a dose of 3000 UI of gonadotrophic chorionic hormone (GCH) (Vetecor, Calier, IV) while the G2 animals received 1 ml of saline as placebo. All animals from both G1 and G2 groups had their ovaries monitored by ultrasonography from the first day of the AI up to the day when they had their embryos collected. Ultrasography has been carried out by means of an Aloka SSD-550 (Japan) instrument aiming to evaluate the follicles, the ovulation, and the corpora lutea. At the 5.5th after the estrus observation a washing of the uterine cornus has been carried out for the embryos harvesting and evaluation. According to the present experiment, it was possible to conclude that the protocol used to promote superovulation (SO) in buffaloes by means of FSH showed to be efficient resulting in the production of significant number of antral follicles larger than 8.0 mm diameter at the estrus day and that the gonadotropohic corionic hormone showed significant efficiency by displaying larger percentual ovulations in the treated group (pO presente estudo objetivou otimizar a superovulação ovariana, a taxa de ovulação e a produção de embriões em búfalas. Os animais eram da raça Murrah e Mediterrâneo e estavam em torno do 60º dia pós parto. Quatorze animais foram divididos em dois grupos, sendo um grupo tratado (G1=7 animais) e outro não-tratado (G2=7 animais). Todos os animais foram submetidos à sincronização do estro, recebendo no dia 0 (D0) um pessário vaginal com progestágeno (CIDR-B, Intervet); no dia 1 (D1) pela manhã foi aplicado 3 mg de benzoato de estradiol IM (Estrogin Farmavet, SP). A superovulação ovariana (SO) foi executada pela manhã e à tarde com hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH)(Pluset, Serono, Itália)), administrado diariamente a intervalo de 12 horas entre cada aplicação, durante quatro dias seguidos nos dois grupos, conforme o protocolo: dia 6, 75 UI; dia 7, 40 UI; dia 8, 30 UI; dia 9, 20 UI. No dia 8 à tarde administrou-se 500 microgramas de cloprostenol IM (Ciosin - Schering-Plough) e em seguida houve a retirada dos pessários vaginais de todos os animais. Na sequência, foram feitas as observações de cio; os animais foram inseminados duas vezes a intervalos de 12 horas um do outro. Adicionalmente, o G1 recebeu junto com a 1ª inseminação artificial (IA), uma dose de 3000 UI de hormônio coriônico gonadotrófico (hCG) (Vetecor, Calier, IV) e o G2 recebeu 1 ml de solução fisiológica, como placebo. Todos os animais tiveram os ovários monitorados mediante ultrassonografia, desde o dia da 1ª IA até o dia da coleta dos embriões, mediante aparelho Aloka SSD-550 (Japão), visando a avaliação de folículos, ovulação e corpos lúteos. No 5,5º dia pós a observação de cio, procedeu-se às lavagens dos cornos uterinos para a colheita dos embriões e avaliação. Concluiu-se que o protocolo utilizado para SO em bubalinos com FSH, foi eficiente, ao promover significativo numero de folículos antrais maiores que 8,0 mm de diâmetro no dia do cio e que o hCG mostrou-se significativamente eficiente, pois proporcionou maior % de ovulações no grupo tratado (

Identification and pathogenicity of Macrophomina species collected from weeds in melon fields in Northeastern Brazil

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Negreiros, AMP, Sales Júnior, R, León, M, et al. Identification and pathogenicity of Macrophomina species collected from weeds in melon fields in Northeastern Brazil. J Phytopathol. 2019; 167: 326 337. , which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12801. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."[EN] In this work, a collection of 94 Macrophomina isolates obtained from roots of two weed species, Trianthema portulacastrum and Boerhavia diffusa, collected during surveys conducted during 2015 and 2016 in melon production fields in Northeastern Brazil, were characterized by using molecular techniques. Phylogenetic analysis of the EF1-alpha gene allowed the identification of 32 isolates as M. phaseolina and 62 isolates as M. pseudophaseolina. Results of a pathogenicity test performed on melon seedlings of the cv. "Gladial" revealed that all M. phaseolina isolates inoculated were able to cause disease to melon seedlings, but only some M. pseudophaseolina isolates were able to infect them. This study represents the first report of M. pseudophaseolina in both T. portulacastrum and B. diffusa weeds, which are prevalent in the main Brazilian melon producing and exporting regions. Information about the biology and epidemiology of M. pseudophaseolina is scarce because of its recent description; thus, further research is needed for a better understanding of this fungus as a potentially emerging pathogen of melon and other crops.Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-Brazil (CAPES); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Negreiros, AMP.; Sales Junior, R.; León Santana, M.; de Assis Melo N.J.; Michereff, S.; de Queiroz Ambrósio M.M.; De Sousa Medeiros, H.... (2019). Identification and pathogenicity of Macrophomina species collected from weeds in melon fields in Northeastern Brazil. Journal of Phytopathology. 167(6):326-337. https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12801S3263371676Agustí-Brisach, C., Gramaje, D., León, M., García-Jiménez, J., & Armengol, J. (2011). Evaluation of Vineyard Weeds as Potential Hosts of Black-Foot and Petri Disease Pathogens. Plant Disease, 95(7), 803-810. doi:10.1094/pdis-12-10-0888A. C. Alfenas R. Mafia G. Métodos em fitopatologia 2016 Ed. UFV Universidade Federal de Viçosa Viçosa Brasil 516Ambrósio, M. M. Q., Dantas, A. C. A., Martínez-Perez, E., Medeiros, A. C., Nunes, G. H. S., & Picó, M. B. (2015). Screening a variable germplasm collection of Cucumis melo L. for seedling resistance to Macrophomina phaseolina. Euphytica, 206(2), 287-300. doi:10.1007/s10681-015-1452-xAnuário Anuário ‐ Anuário Brasileiro da Fruticultura 2018 2018 Ed. Gazeta Santa Cruz Santa Cruz do Sul Brazil 88Baird, R. E., & Brock, J. H. (1999). First Report of Macrophomina phaseolina on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in Georgia. Plant Disease, 83(5), 487-487. doi:10.1094/pdis.1999.83.5.487bBaird, R. E., Watson, C. E., & Scruggs, M. (2003). Relative Longevity of Macrophomina phaseolina and Associated Mycobiota on Residual Soybean Roots in Soil. Plant Disease, 87(5), 563-566. doi:10.1094/pdis.2003.87.5.563Carbone, I., & Kohn, L. M. (1999). A Method for Designing Primer Sets for Speciation Studies in Filamentous Ascomycetes. Mycologia, 91(3), 553. doi:10.2307/3761358Chaves, A. L. R., Braun, M. R., Eiras, M., Colariccio, A., & Galleti, S. R. (2003). Erigeron bonariensis: hospedeira alternativa do Lettuce mosaic virus no Brasil. Fitopatologia Brasileira, 28(3), 307-311. doi:10.1590/s0100-41582003000300014Claudino, M. R., & Soares, D. J. (2014). Pathogenicity and aggressiveness of Macrophomina phaseolina isolates to castor (Ricinus communis). Tropical Plant Pathology, 39(6), 453-456. doi:10.1590/s1982-56762014000600006Cohen, R., Omari, N., Porat, A., & Edelstein, M. (2012). Management of Macrophomina wilt in melons using grafting or fungicide soil application: Pathological, horticultural and economical aspects. Crop Protection, 35, 58-63. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2011.12.015FAOSTAT(2018). FAO statistical databases food and agriculture organization of the United Nations.http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home.Farr D. F. &Rossman A. Y.(2018). Fungal Databases. National Fungus Collections ARS USDA: U.S.https://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/.Fuhlbohm, M. J., Ryley, M. J., & Aitken, E. A. B. (2012). New weed hosts of Macrophomina phaseolina in Australia. Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 7(1), 193-195. doi:10.1007/s13314-012-0082-6Funnell-Harris, D. L., O’Neill, P. M., Sattler, S. E., & Yerka, M. K. (2016). Response of Sweet Sorghum Lines to Stalk Pathogens Fusarium thapsinum and Macrophomina phaseolina. Plant Disease, 100(5), 896-903. doi:10.1094/pdis-09-15-1050-reIBGE(2018). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística.https://sidra.ibge.gov.br/home/pms/brasil.Jacob, C. J., Krarup, C., Díaz, G. A., & Latorre, B. A. (2013). A Severe Outbreak of Charcoal Rot in Cantaloupe Melon Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina in Chile. Plant Disease, 97(1), 141-141. doi:10.1094/pdis-06-12-0588-pdnKumar, S., Stecher, G., & Tamura, K. (2016). MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33(7), 1870-1874. doi:10.1093/molbev/msw054Machado, A. R., Pinho, D. B., & Pereira, O. L. (2014). Phylogeny, identification and pathogenicity of the Botryosphaeriaceae associated with collar and root rot of the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas in Brazil, with a description of new species of Lasiodiplodia. Fungal Diversity, 67(1), 231-247. doi:10.1007/s13225-013-0274-1Machado, A. R., Pinho, D. B., Soares, D. J., Gomes, A. A. M., & Pereira, O. L. (2018). Bayesian analyses of five gene regions reveal a new phylogenetic species of Macrophomina associated with charcoal rot on oilseed crops in Brazil. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 153(1), 89-100. doi:10.1007/s10658-018-1545-1Medeiros, A. C., Melo, D. R. M. de, Ambrósio, M. M. de Q., Nunes, G. H. de S., & Costa, J. M. da. (2015). Métodos de inoculação de Rhizoctonia solani e Macrophomina phaseolina em meloeiro (Cucumis melo). Summa Phytopathologica, 41(4), 281-286. doi:10.1590/0100-5405/2083Miller M. A. Pfeiffer W. &Schwartz T.(2012). The CIPRES science gateway: enabling high‐impact science for phylogenetics researchers with limited resources. In: Proceedings of the 1st Conference of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment: Bridging from the extreme to the campus and beyond (pp.39).Chicago IL.Mir, Z. R., Singh, P. K., Zaidi, P. H., Vinayan, M. T., Sharma, S. S., Krishna, M. K., … Nair, S. K. (2018). Genetic analysis of resistance to post flowering stalk rot in tropical germplasm of maize ( Zea mays L.). Crop Protection, 106, 42-49. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2017.12.004Mbaye, N., Mame, P. S., Ndiaga, C., & Ibrahima, N. (2015). Is the recently described Macrophomina pseudophaseolina pathogenically different from Macrophomina phaseolina? African Journal of Microbiology Research, 9(45), 2232-2238. doi:10.5897/ajmr2015.7742Nylander J. A. A.(2004). MrModeltest V2. Program Distributed by the Author: Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Sweden.Reuveni, R., Krikun, J., Nachmias, A., & Shlevin, E. (1982). The role ofMacrophomina phaseolina in a collapse of melon plants in Israel. Phytoparasitica, 10(1), 51-56. doi:10.1007/bf02981892Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D. L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., … Huelsenbeck, J. P. (2012). MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian Phylogenetic Inference and Model Choice Across a Large Model Space. 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Biochemical parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after transport with eugenol or essential oil of Lippia alba added to the water

The transport of live fish is a routine practice in aquaculture and constitutes a considerable source of stress to the animals. The addition of anesthetic to the water used for fish transport can prevent or mitigate the deleterious effects of transport stress. This study investigated the effects of the addition of eugenol (EUG) (1.5 or 3.0 mu L L-1) and essential oil of Lippia alba (EOL) (10 or 20 mu L L-1) on metabolic parameters (glycogen, lactate and total protein levels) in liver and muscle, acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) in muscle and brain, and the levels of protein carbonyl (PC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nonprotein thiol groups (NPSH) and activity of glutathione-S-transferase in the liver of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen; Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) transported for four hours in plastic bags (loading density of 169.2 g L-1). The addition of various concentrations of EUG (1.5 or 3.0 mu L L-1) and EOL (10 or 20 mu L L-1) to the transport water is advisable for the transportation of silver catfish, since both concentrations of these substances increased the levels of NPSH antioxidant and decreased the TBARS levels in the liver. In addition, the lower liver levels of glycogen and lactate in these groups and lower AChE activity in the brain (EOL 10 or 20 mu L L-1) compared to the control group indicate that the energetic metabolism and neurotransmission were lower after administration of anesthetics, contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis and sedation status.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS/PRONEX) [10/0016-8]; Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Cientifico (CNPq) [470964/2009-0]; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES); CNPqinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dermatophylosis in Santa Inês sheep from Distrito Federal

Relataram-se quatro casos de dermatofilose em ovinos da raça Santa Inês, no período de um ano. Microscopicamente observaram-se filamentos na forma de "trilho de bonde" e zoósporos nos quatro casos. A tentativa do isolamento do microrganismo foi realizada por meio do método de Haalstra e em apenas um caso obteve-se sucesso, observando-se colônias de aparência lisa, formato circular, cor amarelada e hemolítica em ágar sangue. O exame direto com coloração de Gram mostrou-se um método bastante eficiente na confirmação da presença do microrganismo afetando a epiderme em razão da morfologia típica do agente.Four cases of dermatophylosis were reported in Santa Inês sheep in a study period of one year. Microscopically, septate filaments and coccoid forms zoospores were observed. Attempts to isolate the microorganisms were accomplished using Haastra's method and it was successful in only one case. Dermatophilus congolensis samples have grown on blood agar, colonies where hemolytic, small, round and pigmentation vary from yellow to orange. The gram staining method was efficient to confirm the presence of the microorganism affecting the epidermis due to typical morphology of the agent

The protein kinase LKB1 promotes self-renewal and blocks invasiveness in glioblastoma

The role of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) in glioblastoma (GBM) development remains poorly understood. LKB1 may regulate GBM cell metabolism and has been suggested to promote glioma invasiveness. After analyzing LKB1 expression in GBM patient mRNA databases and in tumor tissue via multiparametric immunohistochemistry, we observed that LKB1 was localized and enriched in GBM tumor cells that co-expressed SOX2 and NESTIN stemness markers. Thus, LKB1-specific immunohistochemistry can potentially reveal subpopulations of stem-like cells, advancing GBM patient molecular pathology. We further analyzed the functions of LKB1 in patient-derived GBM cultures under defined serum-free conditions. Silencing of endogenous LKB1 impaired 3D-gliomasphere frequency and promoted GBM cell invasion in vitro and in the zebrafish collagenous tail after extravasation of circulating GBM cells. Moreover, loss of LKB1 function revealed mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in decreased ATP levels. Treatment with the clinically used drug metformin impaired 3D-gliomasphere formation and enhanced cytotoxicity induced by temozolomide, the primary chemotherapeutic drug against GBM. The IC50 of temozolomide in the GBM cultures was significantly decreased in the presence of metformin. This combinatorial effect was further enhanced after LKB1 silencing, which at least partially, was due to increased apoptosis. The expression of genes involved in the maintenance of tumor stemness, such as growth factors and their receptors, including members of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family, was suppressed after LKB1 silencing. The defect in gliomasphere growth caused by LKB1 silencing was bypassed after supplementing the cells with exogenous PFDGF-BB. Our data support the parallel roles of LKB1 in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, 3D-gliomasphere survival, and hindering migration in GBM. Thus, the natural loss of, or pharmacological interference with LKB1 function, may be associated with benefits in patient survival but could result in tumor spread.Cancer Signaling networks and Molecular Therapeutic

The exposure of the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory is a detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. It consists of a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level and a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The "hybrid" detection mode combines the information from the two subsystems. We describe the determination of the hybrid exposure for events observed by the fluorescence telescopes in coincidence with at least one water-Cherenkov detector of the surface array. A detailed knowledge of the time dependence of the detection operations is crucial for an accurate evaluation of the exposure. We discuss the relevance of monitoring data collected during operations, such as the status of the fluorescence detector, background light and atmospheric conditions, that are used in both simulation and reconstruction.Comment: Paper accepted by Astroparticle Physic

Update on the correlation of the highest energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic matter

Data collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory through 31 August 2007 showed evidence for anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays above the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min energy threshold, \nobreak{$6\times 10^{19}$eV}. The anisotropy was measured by the fraction of arrival directions that are less than $3.1^\circ$ from the position of an active galactic nucleus within 75 Mpc (using the V\'eron-Cetty and V\'eron $12^{\rm th}$ catalog). An updated measurement of this fraction is reported here using the arrival directions of cosmic rays recorded above the same energy threshold through 31 December 2009. The number of arrival directions has increased from 27 to 69, allowing a more precise measurement. The correlating fraction is $(38^{+7}_{-6})$, compared with $21$ expected for isotropic cosmic rays. This is down from the early estimate of $(69^{+11}_{-13})$. The enlarged set of arrival directions is examined also in relation to other populations of nearby extragalactic objects: galaxies in the 2 Microns All Sky Survey and active galactic nuclei detected in hard X-rays by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope. A celestial region around the position of the radiogalaxy Cen A has the largest excess of arrival directions relative to isotropic expectations. The 2-point autocorrelation function is shown for the enlarged set of arrival directions and compared to the isotropic expectation.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics on 31 August 201

The Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory is a hybrid detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. It combines a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level together with a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The fluorescence detector comprises 24 large telescopes specialized for measuring the nitrogen fluorescence caused by charged particles of cosmic ray air showers. In this paper we describe the components of the fluorescence detector including its optical system, the design of the camera, the electronics, and the systems for relative and absolute calibration. We also discuss the operation and the monitoring of the detector. Finally, we evaluate the detector performance and precision of shower reconstructions.Comment: 53 pages. Submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section