Introduction of certification program in production of plum planting material

Certification program for the production of fruit planting material has not been fully established in the Republic of Serbia. Despite this fact, Fruit Research Institute, Čačak has initiated the introduction of certification into the production of plum planting material of cultivars developed at the Institute. The main goal is to establish plum mother plantations with basic material satisfying the EPPO recommendations and national certification standards.Propagated material from pomologically selected trees in commercial and experimental orchards was collected and grafted onto virus-free Myrobalan rootstock. Candidate clones are kept in screen house which ensure absence of infection. Fifteen plum (Prunus domestica) cultivars are included in this study: ‘Čačanska Lepotica’, ‘Čačanska Rodna’, ‘Čačanska Najbolja’, ‘Čačanska Rana’, ‘Valjevka’, ‘Valerija’, ‘Čačanski Šećer’, ‘Jelica’, ‘Timočanka’, ‘Boranka’, ‘Mildora’, ‘Krina’, ‘Pozna Plava’, ‘Požegača’, ‘Stanley’, and perspective hybrid 14/21.All tests were done according to the EPPO recommendations. Selected clones were tested on woody indicators Prunus tomentosa, P. persica and P. serrulata cv. Shirofugen. ELISA test was duly performed for the detection of the following viruses: Plum pox virus, Prune dwarf virus, Prunus necrotic ringspot virus, Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus, Apple mosaic virus and Myrobalan latent ringspot virus. To increase the sensitivity of Plum pox virus detection, IC-RTPCR was used. The material was also tested for the presence of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’ by nested-PCR method.The presence of viruses was found in 8 plants. ELISA test revealed that four plants of cv. ‘Jelica’ were found to be positive on the presence of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus. Latent infection with Plum pox virus was detected by IC-RTPCR in 4 candidate clones (1 plant of each of cvs ‘Valerija’, ‘Čačanska Rodna’, ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ and ‘Požegača’). The rest of the material was free of all other viruses. The infection with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma prunorum’ was not evidenced in any of the tested plants.Keywords: certification, plum, viruses, phytoplasma

Health status of pome and stone fruit planting material imported to Serbia

We summarize results of the analysis of pome and stone fruit planting material to be imported to Serbia for the presence of quarantine and economically important viruses and phytoplasmas. The analysis was conducted 2004 – 2009 whereby, in compliance with the phytosanitary law regulations of the Republic of Serbia, officially inspected samples were subjected to the examination. During the period, a total of 325 samples were analyzed, i.e. 89 rootstock samples, 215 samples of different pome and stone fruit varieties, and 21 samples of stone fruit seed. The obtained results reveal that 5 samples were infected with viruses. Apple chlorotic leafspot virus was found in one sample of apple budwood, Prune dwarf virus was detected in Prunus avium L. seedlings, Plum pox virus was confirmed in 2 plum budwood samples, and Apple mosaic virus was also found in one sample of apple budwood. Keywords: Pome fruits, stone fruits, planting material, seed, viruses, phytoplasma

Morphological description and molecular detection of Pestalotiopsis sp on hazelnut in Serbia

In autumn 2015, hazelnut plants with leaf blight symptoms were noticed in a commercial plantation in the Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Symptomatic samples were collected and submitted to laboratory analysis. Based on morphological characterization, the fungus isolated from the material was initially identified as Pestalotiopsis sp. Pathogenicity tests showed that two selected isolates infected hazelnut leaves and fruits that developed symptoms after artificial inoculation. The pathogen was re-isolated from diseased leaves and fruits, confirming Koch's postulates. Molecular identification was performed with sequence and phylogenetic analysis of ITS, EF1-alpha, and TUB genomic regions. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the results of the morphological identification. The detection of Pestalotiopsis sp., a causal agent of leaf blight on hazelnut in Serbia, is one of a few reports of these pathogenic fungi on hazelnut

Serbian Virtual Observatory

We review the newly established project of Serbian Virtual Observatory. In the last few years Virtual Observatories are becoming a new concept in the world of astronomy. The main aim of Virtual Observatories is to make accessible astronomical data to astronomers regardless of their geographical location as well as provide them with tools for analysis. The project of Serbian Virtual Observatory aims to achieve the following goals: 1) establishing SerVO and join the EuroVO and IVOA 2) establishing SerVO data Center for digitizing and archiving astronomical data obtained at Serbian observatories 3) inclusion of BelData/STARK-B and other theoretical and simulated data in SerVO 4) development of tools for visualization of dat

LSST: from Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products

(Abridged) We describe here the most ambitious survey currently planned in the optical, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). A vast array of science will be enabled by a single wide-deep-fast sky survey, and LSST will have unique survey capability in the faint time domain. The LSST design is driven by four main science themes: probing dark energy and dark matter, taking an inventory of the Solar System, exploring the transient optical sky, and mapping the Milky Way. LSST will be a wide-field ground-based system sited at Cerro Pach\'{o}n in northern Chile. The telescope will have an 8.4 m (6.5 m effective) primary mirror, a 9.6 deg$^2$ field of view, and a 3.2 Gigapixel camera. The standard observing sequence will consist of pairs of 15-second exposures in a given field, with two such visits in each pointing in a given night. With these repeats, the LSST system is capable of imaging about 10,000 square degrees of sky in a single filter in three nights. The typical 5$\sigma$ point-source depth in a single visit in $r$ will be $\sim 24.5$ (AB). The project is in the construction phase and will begin regular survey operations by 2022. The survey area will be contained within 30,000 deg$^2$ with $\delta<+34.5^\circ$, and will be imaged multiple times in six bands, $ugrizy$, covering the wavelength range 320--1050 nm. About 90\% of the observing time will be devoted to a deep-wide-fast survey mode which will uniformly observe a 18,000 deg$^2$ region about 800 times (summed over all six bands) during the anticipated 10 years of operations, and yield a coadded map to $r\sim27.5$. The remaining 10\% of the observing time will be allocated to projects such as a Very Deep and Fast time domain survey. The goal is to make LSST data products, including a relational database of about 32 trillion observations of 40 billion objects, available to the public and scientists around the world.Comment: 57 pages, 32 color figures, version with high-resolution figures available from https://www.lsst.org/overvie

A Decade with VAMDC: Results and Ambitions

This paper presents an overview of the current status of the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Centre (VAMDC) e-infrastructure, including the current status of the VAMDC-connected (or to be connected) databases, updates on the latest technological development within the infrastructure and a presentation of some application tools that make use of the VAMDC e-infrastructure. We analyse the past 10 years of VAMDC development and operation, and assess their impact both on the field of atomic and molecular (A&M) physics itself and on heterogeneous data management in international cooperation. The highly sophisticated VAMDC infrastructure and the related databases developed over this long term make them a perfect resource of sustainable data for future applications in many fields of research. However, we also discuss the current limitations that prevent VAMDC from becoming the main publishing platform and the main source of A&M data for user communities, and present possible solutions under investigation by the consortium. Several user application examples are presented, illustrating the benefits of VAMDC in current research applications, which often need the A&M data from more than one database. Finally, we present our vision for the future of VAMDC

A decade with vamdc: Results and ambitions

This paper presents an overview of the current status of the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Centre (VAMDC) e-infrastructure, including the current status of the VAMDC-connected (or to be connected) databases, updates on the latest technological development within the infrastructure and a presentation of some application tools that make use of the VAMDC e-infrastructure. We analyse the past 10 years of VAMDC development and operation, and assess their impact both on the field of atomic and molecular (A&amp;M) physics itself and on heterogeneous data management in international cooperation. The highly sophisticated VAMDC infrastructure and the related databases developed over this long term make them a perfect resource of sustainable data for future applications in many fields of research. However, we also discuss the current limitations that prevent VAMDC from becoming the main publishing platform and the main source of A&amp;M data for user communities, and present possible solutions under investigation by the consortium. Several user application examples are presented, illustrating the benefits of VAMDC in current research applications, which often need the A&amp;M data from more than one database. Finally, we present our vision for the future of VAMDC.</jats:p

Diversity of plum pox virus in plum orchards in Serbia

International audienceSerbia is a leading plum producing country in Europe with more than 41 million of bearing trees . For almost 80 years, Plum pox virus (PPV) is a threat for the stone fruit production in Serbia. So far, three major out of seven strains were reported: PPV-M, PPV-D and PPV-Rec. Material for this study was collected during three year period (2008-2010). A total number of 265 samples were collected from 84 plum orchards in 12 Serbian districts. Two to four trees showing clear sharka symptoms were randomly chosen and sampled from each orchard. Strain-typing was performed by IC-RT-PCR method with PPV-M and PPV-D specific primers targeting two genomic regions of PPV. Additionally, 39 isolates from different locations were selected for sequencing fragments located in C-tеr NIb―N-tеr CP part of CP region and C-ter P3-6K1-N- ter CI region. The most prevalent strain in analyzed samples was PPV-Rec (53.5%), followed by PPV-D (27.9%) and PPV-M (5.4%). Mixed infections were found in 13.2% of samples. All types of mixed infections were detected: PPV-M+PPV-D, PPV-M+PPV-Rec and PPV-D+PPV-Rec. The highest incidence among mixed infections was PPV-D+PPV-Rec combination - 67.6%. For the first time, natural triple infection was confirmed in one sample (PPV-M+PPV-D+PPV-Rec). In 37 orchards only one PPV strain was found; in 42 orchards two strains and all three strains were detected in 5 orchards. The most prevalent strain was PPV-Rec that was found in 69 orchards (in single and mixed infections) in all districts. On the contrary, PPV-M strain was found only in 15 orchards. Obtained results confirmed earlier assumption on the long term presence of PPV-Rec strain on plum in Serbia. Phylogenetic analysis of selected isolates confirmed strain-typing results. Further analysis showed the absence of geographical genetic differentiation of isolates that suggest the intensive gene flow between districts through contaminated planting material in the past

Dynamics of spread of PPV-REC and PPV-D in an experimental plum orchard

International audienceThe three Plum pox virus (PPV) strains (PPV-M, PPV-D and PPV-Rec) are present in Serbian plum orchards. Although PPV-Rec is widespread in plum, little is known about its epidemic properties and competitiveness, in particular when confronted to PPV-D. An experimental plum orchard of 400 healthy trees variety Čačanska lepotica was built up in 2008 in order to study the dynamics of spread and competitiveness of PPV-Rec and PPV-D isolates from artificially inoculated trees. The few Prunus trees situated in the surrounding of the orchard were precisely located, sampled and tested by ELISA and IC-RT-PCR for the presence of PPV. Contaminated trees were removed when possible and all positive samples were partially sequenced. One PPV-D and one PPV-Rec isolates were selected from a collection of Serbian PPV isolates to be used as artificial inoculum in the orchard (4 trees per isolate). The selection of the isolates was based on the nucleotide differences between the sequences of the 427 bp genomic fragment in order to be able to distinguish the inoculum sources from the isolates spreading in the surrounding of the orchard. The two selected isolates were then fully sequenced and biologically characterized (assessment of the aphid transmissibility). Each year, from 2008 to 2011, all trees in the orchard were visually inspected and tested by ELISA test. All positive samples were strain-typed by IC-RT- PCR method and partially sequenced. Artificially inoculated trees were found infected in 2009. New cases of infection were detected within the orchard, with respectively 2, 18 and 33 PPV-Rec infected trees and 1, 2 and 4 PPV-D infected trees detected from 2009 to 2011. The dynamic of spread of PPV-Rec and PPV-D isolates will be analyzed in the light of the spatio-temporal and viral genomic sequence data, in order to disentangle the influence of both internal and external sources of inoculum. Preliminary results will be presented and further discusse