Organization and management of clusters in Russia in the context of import substitution

The article covers the trends of the agribusiness development in Russia. It is shown that it is desirable to develop organizational-economic forms of entrepreneurship based on the cluster approach in the modern realities. The most famous agribusiness clusters in the world are explored. Regions of Russia that have achieved the most significant results in agribusiness clustering are mentioned. It is found that the establishment of agribusiness in Russia is defined by the political decision of regional authorities rather than based on research and development. An algorithm for establishing the agribusiness cluster is proposed, which includes four stages: methodological, analytical, organizational-economic and control. The key areas of state support for the development of agribusiness clusters in Russia are defined.peer-reviewe

ON THE ANALYSIS OF PATENTS ON METHODS FOR PREDICTING AND DIAGNOSING INFECTION IN SURGERY

In the work, the problem of algorithmization of patent descriptions for methods for predicting and diagnosing SSI was posed and solved, with an assessment of the development of this field of medicine, taking into account the specifics of cardiac surgery, in order to reach the best compilation protot

Изучение диагностической эффективности однофотонной эмиссионной компьютерной томографии с новым радиофармацевтическим лекарственным препаратом [99mTc]Tc-1-ТИО-D-глюкоза в визуализации опухолей головного мозга

The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with [99mTc]Tc-1-THIO-D-glucose in the detection of brain tumor malignancy. Material and methods. The study included 70 patients diagnosed with grade II–Iv malignant brain tumors and 10 patients with benign brain tumors. The control group consisted of 20 patients who had no pathological changes in the brain at the time of diagnosis. All patients underwent single-photon emission computed tomography of the brain 40 minutes after intravenous injection of [99mTc]Tc-1-THIO-D-glucose at a dose of 500 MBq. The [[99mTc]Tc-1-THIO-D-glucose radiopharmaceutical was prepared directly in the nuclear medicine department in strict accordance with the instructions. The head and neck of the patient fell into the field of view of the detectors of the gamma camera, 32 projections were recorded in a matrix of 256×256 pixels without hardware magnification. High-resolution low-energy collimators were used. Results. In patients with verified diagnosis of malignant brain tumors, SPECT with [99mTc]Tc-1-THIO-D-glucose correctly visualized tumors in all cases. The tumor was visualized as a zone of increased accumulation of [99mTc]Tc-1-THIO-D-glucose of varying intensity and size. However, benign brain lesions did not show [99mTc]Tc-1-THIO-D-glucose uptake. Physiological accumulation of [99mTc]Tc-1-THIO-D-glucose was observed in soft tissues of the aponeurotic helmet, the choroid of the brain, the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity, and the sinuses of the skull bones. Pathological changes in the brain revealed by SPECT were confirmed by MRI with contrast enhancement. Conclusion. The study demonstrated a high efficiency of SPECT with [99mTc]Tc-1-THIO-D-glucose in visualization of malignant brain tumors. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of SPECT with [99mTc]Tc-1-THIO-D-glucose in the imaging of malignant brain tumors were 93–100 %, 65–100 %, 95–100 %, respectively. The data obtained suggest that [99mTc]Tc-1-THIO-D-glucose SPECT as an additional method for the detection of malignant brain tumors can increase access to radionuclides for this group of patients and improve the quality of cancer care.Цель исследования ‒ изучить возможность применения однофотонной эмиссионной компьютерной томографии (ОФЭКТ) с радиофармацевтическим препаратом [99mTc]Tc-1-тио-D-глюкоза в визуализации злокачественных опухолей головного мозга. Материал и методы. В исследование включены 70 пациентов с диагнозом злокачественная опухоль головного мозга grade II‒IV, а также 10 пациентов с доброкачественными объемными образованиями головного мозга. Контрольную группу составили 20 пациентов, которые на момент исследования не имели патологических изменений головного мозга. Всем пациентам выполнялась однофотонная эмиссионная компьютерная томография головного мозга через 40 мин после внутривенного введения препарата [99mTc]Tc-1-тио-D-глюкоза в дозе 500 МБк. Радиофармацевтический препарат [99mTc]Tc-1-тио-D-глюкоза готовился непосредственно в отделении радионуклидной диагностики в соответствии с разработанной инструкцией. В поле зрения детекторов гамма-камеры попадали голова и шея пациента, осуществлялась запись 32 проекций в матрицу 256×256 пикселей без аппаратного увеличения. Использовались низкоэнергетические коллиматоры высокого разрешения. Результаты. В группе пациентов с верифицированным диагнозом злокачественная опухоль головного мозга визуализировать опухолевую ткань при ОФЭКТ с [99mTc]Tc-1-тио-D-глюкоза удалось во всех случаях. Как правило, при исследовании опухоль визуализировалась в виде зоны повышенного накопления препарата различной интенсивности, формы и размеров. В группе пациентов с доброкачественной патологией головного мозга было отмечено, что при ОФЭКТ с [99mTc]Tc-1-тио-D-глюкоза радиофармацевтический лекарственный препарат не накапливается в доброкачественных объемных образованиях и неизмененном веществе головного мозга. Отмечается физиологическое накопление [99mTc]Tc-1-тио-D-глюкоза в мягких тканях апоневротического шлема, сосудистой оболочке мозга, слизистых оболочках носовой полости и пазухах костей черепа. Выявленные при ОФЭКТ патологические изменения головного мозга подтверждались данными магнитно-резонансной томографии с контрастным усилением. Заключение. Выполненное исследование продемонстрировало достаточно высокую эффективность ОФЭКТ с [99mTc]Tc-1-тио-D-глюкоза в визуализации злокачественных опухолей головного мозга. По данным исследования, чувствительность, специфичность и точность однофотонной эмиссионной компьютерной томографии с [99mTc]Tc-1-тио-D-глюкоза в визуализации злокачественных опухолей головного мозга составила 93–100, 65–100, 95–100 % соответственно. Полученные данные позволяют предположить, что внедрение ОФЭКТ с [99mTc]Tc-1-тио-D-глюкоза в качестве дополнительного метода диагностики злокачественных опухолей головного мозга может расширить доступность методов ядерной медицины для данной группы пациентов и повысить качество онкологической помощи

Результаты многоцентрового сравнительного исследования эффективности и безопасности терапии препаратами биматопроста 0,03% и травопроста 0,004%

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the intraocular pressure changes in patients with initial and advanced stages of open-angle glaucoma (POAG) when using the study drug bimatoprost 0.03% and the comparison drug travoprost 0.004%, as well as to assess the effect of these drugs on the ocular surface.METHODS: The study involved 81 patients (137 eyes), 48 women and 23 men, with a mean age of 63 years. Patients of the first group (36 patients, 69 eyes) received 0.03% bimatoprost for 3 months. Patients of the second group (35 patients, 68 eyes) received 0.004% travoprost for 3 months.RESULTS: According to tonometry data, a hypotensive effect was observed in both groups. Regardless of the method of tonometry, intraocular pressure was lower in the group of patients receiving 0.03% bimatoprost (p<0.001).In both groups, the state of the anterior segment of the eye was affected in the form of increased hyperemia and an increase in spot staining of the cornea and conjunctiva with fluorescein according to the Oxford scale. However, there was no significant differences between the action of 0.03% bimatoprost and 0.004% travoprost drugs.CONCLUSION: The hypotensive effect of bimatoprost 0.03% was better than travoprost 0.004%. Both drugs had an effect on the ocular surface. The incidence of adverse events in the group of patients treated with bimatoprost did not exceed similar results for travoprost.ЦЕЛЬ. Оценить и сравнить изменение внутриглазного давления (ВГД) у пациентов с открытоугольной глаукомой начальной и развитой стадий при применении исследуемого препарата биматопрост 0,03% и препарата сравнения травопрост 0,004%, оценить влияние исследуемых препаратов на глазную поверхность.МЕТОДЫ. В исследовании участвовал 81 пациент (137 глаз), 48 женщин и 23 мужчины, средний возраст 63 года. В 1-й группе 36 пациентов (69 глаз) получали в течение 3 мес. терапию препаратом биматопрост 0,03%. Во 2-й группе 35 пациентов (68 глаз) получали в течение 3 мес. терапию препаратом травопрост 0,004%.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. По данным тонометрии в обеих группах получен гипотензивный эффект. Независимо от метода тонометрии в группе пациентов, получавших биматопрост 0,03%, ВГД было ниже (p<0,001).В обеих группах выявлено влияние лекарственных средств на состояние переднего отрезка глазного яблока в виде усиления гиперемии и увеличения точечного прокрашивания роговицы и конъюнктивы флюоресцеином по Оксфордской шкале. Однако достоверной разницы между действием препаратов биматопрост 0,03% и травопрост 0,004% не выявлено.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Биматопрост 0,03% показал более значимую общую способность снижать ВГД, чем травопрост 0,004%. Оба препарата оказывали влияние на глазную поверхность. Частота нежелательных явлений в группе пациентов, получавших лечение биматопростом, не превышала аналогичные результаты для травопроста

Athlome Project Consortium: a concerted effort to discover genomic and other "omic" markers of athletic performance.

Despite numerous attempts to discover genetic variants associated with elite athletic performance, injury predisposition, and elite/world-class athletic status, there has been limited progress to date. Past reliance on candidate gene studies predominantly focusing on genotyping a limited number of single nucleotide polymorphisms or the insertion/deletion variants in small, often heterogeneous cohorts (i.e., made up of athletes of quite different sport specialties) have not generated the kind of results that could offer solid opportunities to bridge the gap between basic research in exercise sciences and deliverables in biomedicine. A retrospective view of genetic association studies with complex disease traits indicates that transition to hypothesis-free genome-wide approaches will be more fruitful. In studies of complex disease, it is well recognized that the magnitude of genetic association is often smaller than initially anticipated, and, as such, large sample sizes are required to identify the gene effects robustly. A symposium was held in Athens and on the Greek island of Santorini from 14-17 May 2015 to review the main findings in exercise genetics and genomics and to explore promising trends and possibilities. The symposium also offered a forum for the development of a position stand (the Santorini Declaration). Among the participants, many were involved in ongoing collaborative studies (e.g., ELITE, GAMES, Gene SMART, GENESIS, and POWERGENE). A consensus emerged among participants that it would be advantageous to bring together all current studies and those recently launched into one new large collaborative initiative, which was subsequently named the Athlome Project Consortium

Fine-Scale Mapping of Natural Variation in Fly Fecundity Identifies Neuronal Domain of Expression and Function of an Aquaporin

To gain insight into the molecular genetic basis of standing variation in fitness related traits, we identify a novel factor that regulates the molecular and physiological basis of natural variation in female Drosophila melanogaster fecundity. Genetic variation in female fecundity in flies derived from a wild orchard population is heritable and largely independent of other measured life history traits. We map a portion of this variation to a single QTL and then use deficiency mapping to further refine this QTL to 5 candidate genes. Ubiquitous expression of RNAi against only one of these genes, an aquaporin encoded by Drip, reduces fecundity. Within our mapping population Drip mRNA level in the head, but not other tissues, is positively correlated with fecundity. We localize Drip expression to a small population of corazonin producing neurons located in the dorsolateral posterior compartments of the protocerebrum. Expression of Drip–RNAi using both the pan-neuronal ELAV-Gal4 and the Crz-Gal4 drivers reduces fecundity. Low-fecundity RILs have decreased Crz expression and increased expression of pale, the enzyme encoding the rate-limiting step in the production of dopamine, a modulator of insect life histories. Taken together these data suggest that natural variation in Drip expression in the corazonin producing neurons contributes to standing variation in fitness by altering the concentration of two neurohormones

Certain approaches to automated designing of competence-oriented models for knowledge engineers using the tutoring integrated expert systems

The development of engineering knowledge led to the emergence of new professions, which are widely popular professional competence and personal qualities. This paper pro- vides a methodological and technological experience in automated construction competence-oriented models specialists in the field of knowledge engineering, in particular, specialists of the profession "system analyst" with the use of tutoring integrated expert systems