Effekte des anti-inflammatorischen Cytokins IL-10 auf die Expression und Regulation von Scavenger Rezeptoren, des Cholesterinexporters ABCA1 und die Cholesterin-Homöostase monocytoider Zellen

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Effekte von IL-10 auf monocytäre Lipidrezeptoren und -Transporter untersucht, die zusätzlich zu den anti-inflammatorischen Wirkungen von IL-10 für dessen anti-atherosklerotische Wirkung von Bedeutung sein könnten. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass IL-10 die Expression des quantitativ wichtigsten Scavenger Rezeptors, CD36, in Monocyten/Makrophagen sowohl auf RNA- als auch auf Proteinebene hemmt. Diese Hemmung ging einher mit einer verringerten zellulären Aufnahme von oxidiertem LDL. Durch PPARgamma-FACS und -Western Blot in Cytosol-Kern-Fraktionen sowie Koinkubationen mit IL-10 und den PPARgamma-Agonisten 15d-PGJ2 (15-deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin J2) und Indomethacin konnte gezeigt werden, dass die IL-10 Hemmung von CD36 über die Hemmung des Transkriptionsfaktors PPARgamma vermittelt wird. Im Gegensatz dazu stimulierte IL-10 den Cholesterinexporter ABCA1 und dessen wichtigsten Transkriptionsfaktor LXRalpha auf RNA- und Proteinebene. Die Induktion von ABCA1 hatte funktionell einen verstärkten zellulären Cholesterinefflux zur Folge, welcher die Monocyten und Makrophagen vor Lipidakkumulationen schützte und das vermehrte Einschleusen von Cholesterin in den reversen Cholesterintransport ermöglicht. IL-10 stimulierte ABCA1 dabei trotz der Hemmung des Transkriptionsfaktor PPARgamma. Die IL-10 Stimulation von ABCA1 war durch Piceatannol, einem Inhibitor der proximalen, STAT3-vermittelten Signalübertragung des IL-10 Rezeptors, hemmbar. Mittels LXRalpha "knock down" Zellen konnte weiter gezeigt werden, dass für die IL-10-stimulierte ABCA1 Expression ein intakter LXRalpha-Signaltransduktionsweg nötig ist. Koinkubationen mit Fenofibrat, 9-cis RA (9-cis retinoic acid) und 22-OHC (22-Hydroxycholesterol) ergaben, dass IL-10 auch die Induktion von ABCA1 durch die beiden Transkriptionsfaktoren, PPARalpha und LXRalpha, verstärkte. Durch Hemmung der Proteinkinase A (PKA) und Messung der zellulären cAMP-Spiegel konnte des Weiteren ein distaler cross-talk des IL-10-Signalweges mit dem cAMP/PKA-Weg für die ABCA1 Stimulation nachgewiesen werden. Dagegen hatte IL-10 keinen anhaltenden Einfluss auf die Transkription von SR-BI. Der Scavenger Rezeptor BI (SR-BI) kann je nach Konzentrationsgradient sowohl die zelluläre Cholesterinaufnahme wie die Cholesterinabgabe vermitteln. Des Weiteren reduzierte IL-10 die LPS-induzierte ICAM-1 Expression, was auf die Attenuierung der NFkappaB- und PPARgamma-vermittelten ICAM-1 Expression zurückgeführt werden konnte. Insgesamt befördert IL-10 somit den ABCA1-initiierten peripheren Cholesterinabtransport aus Monocyten/Makrophagen durch HDL. Die gezeigten Effekte von IL-10 erklären tierexperimentelle Befunde eines deutlich reduzierten Lipidgehalts in atherosklerotischen Plaques unter IL-10 Behandlung. Sie erklären auch die niedrigen HDL-Spiegel bei IL-10 knock out (IL-10-/-) Mäusen, die durch exogene IL-10 Substitution korrigiert werden können. Demnach sollte IL-10 nicht nur durch seine anti-inflammatorischen Mechanismen, sondern auch durch seine Effekte auf das Cholesterinhandling von Monocyten/Makrophagen in der Gefäßwand die Entstehung und Progression atherosklerotischer Plaques reduzieren

THE MOST COMMON FACTORS INFLUENCING ON QUALITY OF LIFE OF THYROID CANCER PATIENTS AFTER THYROID HORMONE WITHDRAWAL

Background: The aim of study was to evaluate which factors impact mostly on life-quality of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma after thyroid hormone withdrawal. Subjects and methods: 150 patients were enrolled in the study by using Quality of life- Thyroid version questionnaire in which they expressed their physical, psychological, social and spiritual well-being. The answers have been interpreted on a scale from 0 to 10. All patients underwent four weeks levothyroxine withdrawal in preparation for I-131 procedures and thyroglobulin testing. Results: Individual statements on the physical subscale showed that patients had most difficulties with fatigue, intolerance to cold and heat, sleep changes and weight gain, but with higher average values than expected. Fatigue was one of the most common physical difficulties. Female patients had significantly more difficulties than male respondents. Five most expressed psychological difficulties have been stress caused by initial diagnosis, followed by stress caused by surgical treatment, fear of metastases, stress caused by initial radioiodine ablation treatment and fear of cancer recurrence. Generally, results revealed troubles mostly in physical symptoms relating to thyroid hormone withdrawal, as well as psychological distress caused by initial diagnosis. Respondents with higher educational level achieved a significantly higher score than less educated patients (p=0.026, Mann-Whitney U test). Illness was very distressing for their families (median value 1, range: 0 to 10) and they reported insufficient support from others (1, range: 0 to 10), but they did not feel isolated. Family and work consequences were less apparent. Conclusion: The results of QOL-Thyroid questionnaire help to identify high-risk areas in patients’ lives that are negatively affected by hormone withdrawal. Regarding the wide definition of quality of life, a positive impact on patients’ recovery could be achieved by directing attention to most expressed difficulties noted in this questionnaire

Transmission and survival of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii outside hospital setting

Acinetobacter baumannii origin and its epidemiology is under a great concern worldwide since this microorganism has become a leading nosocomial pathogen of the 21th century among the "ESKAPE" group of microorganisms. The aim of the study was to monitor and explore the epidemiology of this important hospital pathogen in the second largest clinical university hospital in Croatia. The presence of A. baumannii in hospital wastewater, as a route for possible transmission outside of the hospital setting, as well as its survival in environmental conditions including seawater, was investigated. During the examination period, ten both carbapenem and multidrug-resistant isolates of A. baumannii were recovered from hospital wastewater and compared to the clinical isolates originating from the same monitoring period. Multiplex PCR confirmed that four wastewater isolates harboured blaOXA-23-like, while five wastewater isolates harboured blaOXA-40-like genes sharing 100% sequence identity with blaOXA-72 sequence described in the same hospital in 2009, confirming the presence of an endemic cluster. Survival of A. baumannii in natural seawater was examined during 50 days of monitoring and to the best of our knowledge, was performed for the first time.Keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii · hospital wastewater · transmission · seawate

Laboratory medicine in pandemic of COVID-19

After the outbreak in China in the year 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) quickly spread around the world causing a protracted pandemic. Approximately one-third of infections appear to be asymptomatic. Symptomatic disease is characterized primarily by symptoms of respiratory tract infection of varying severity. But Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is much more than an acute respiratory disease because SARS-CoV-2 affects many organs inducing a vast number of symptoms such as cardiovascular, neurological, gastrointestinal, dermatological, with numerous complications. Short and long-term effects of infection, severe ones, and especially mild forms of the disease which affect a huge number of patients need to be further investigated. Laboratory medicine has a crucial role in early diagnosis of the disease, recognition of the patients who need hospital care, and close monitoring of hospitalized patients to timely identify associated clinical complications as well as follow-up of patients with long-term COVID-19

Impact of graft loss among kidney diseases with a high risk of post-transplant recurrence in the paediatric population

Background Some kidney diseases tend to recur in the renal allograft after transplantation. We studied the risk of graft loss among primary renal diseases known for their high risk of recurrence and compared it with that of patients with hypoplasia and/or dysplasia. Methods Within the European Society of Paediatric Nephrology and European Renal Association and European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ESPN/ERA-EDTA) registry, we studied children from 33 countries who received a kidney transplant before the age of 20 between 1990 and 2009. Patients were censored after 5 years of follow-up and cumulative incidence competing risk analysis was used to calculate survival curves. Results Patients with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Type I or II (MPGN), IgA nephropathy or Henoch Schönlein Purpura (HSP/IgA) or systemic lupus erythomatosus (SLE) underwent pre-emptive transplantation significantly less often than patients with hypoplasia and/or dysplasia. The rate of living donation was lower among patients with FSGS and SLE than in patients with hypoplasia and/or dysplasia. In comparison with hypoplasia and/or dysplasia patients with a risk of 14.4%, the 5-year risk of graft loss was significantly increased in patients with FSGS (25.7%) and MPGN (32.4%) while it was not significantly increased in children with HUS (18.9%), HSP/IgA (16.3%) or SLE (20.3%). One-year graft survival strongly improved among HUS patients from 17.1% in 1995-1999 to 3.6% in 2005-2009 and was not accompanied by a decrease in the number of transplantations. Conclusion The risk of graft loss is increased among specific causes of renal failure with a high risk of post-transplant recurrence. It seems likely that, due to anticipation of such risk, physicians perform less pre-emptive transplantation and provide fewer grafts from living related donors in patients with these conditions. Improved risk stratification by physicians, resulting in the identification of patients with HUS at higher or lower risk of recurrence, might explain the much improved graft survival rate

DIAPORAMA: PROPAGACIÓN DE HEVEA BRASILIENSIS MUELL. ARG. UA: PRODUCCIÓN DE CULTIVOS TROPICALES L31235 (6O SEMESTRE LICENCIATURA: INGENIERO AGRÓNOMO FITOTECNISTA (OPTATIVA))

SÓLO VISIÓN PROYECTABLE

Uptake of oxLDL and IL-10 production by macrophages requires PAFR and CD36 recruitment into the same lipid rafts

Macrophage interaction with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) leads to its differentiation into foam cells and cytokine production, contributing to atherosclerosis development. In a previous study, we showed that CD36 and the receptor for platelet-activating factor (PAFR) are required for oxLDL to activate gene transcription for cytokines and CD36. Here, we investigated the localization and physical interaction of CD36 and PAFR in macrophages stimulated with oxLDL. We found that blocking CD36 or PAFR decreases oxLDL uptake and IL-10 production. OxLDL induces IL-10 mRNA expression only in HEK293T expressing both receptors (PAFR and CD36). OxLDL does not induce IL-12 production. The lipid rafts disruption by treatment with βCD reduces the oxLDL uptake and IL-10 production. OxLDL induces co-immunoprecipitation of PAFR and CD36 with the constitutive raft protein flotillin-1, and colocalization with the lipid raft-marker GM1-ganglioside. Finally, we found colocalization of PAFR and CD36 in macrophages from human atherosclerotic plaques. Our results show that oxLDL induces the recruitment of PAFR and CD36 into the same lipid rafts, which is important for oxLDL uptake and IL-10 production. This study provided new insights into how oxLDL interact with macrophages and contributing to atherosclerosis development

Serum proteome profiling of naturally acquired Babesia rossi infection in dogs

DATA AVAILABILITY : The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE78 partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD039022 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride/archive).Babesiosis is a disease of significant medically and veterinary importance with worldwide distribution. It is caused by intra-erythrocyte protozoal parasites, with Babesia rossi causing the most severe clinical signs of all the large Babesia parasites infecting dogs. The disease can be clinically classified into uncomplicated and complicated forms with a wide range of clinical presentations from a mild, subclinical illness to complicated forms and death. The aim of this study was to assess serum proteomic profiles from dogs with babesiosis and healthy dogs using a label-based proteomics approach. Altogether 32 dogs naturally infected with B. rossi (subdivided into 18 uncomplicated cases and 14 complicated cases of babesiosis) and 20 healthy dogs were included. There were 78 proteins with significantly different abundances between the three groups of dogs. Elucidation of proteins and pathways involved in canine babesiosis caused by B. rossi have revealed key differences associated with haemostasis, innate immune system, lipid metabolism and inflammation. Shotgun proteomic profiling allowed identification of potential serum biomarkers for differentiation of disease severity in canine babesiosis caused by B. rossi. These findings may be applicable to the study of host-parasite interactions and the development of novel therapeutic targets.The European Regional Development Fund.https://www.nature.com/srepam2024Companion Animal Clinical StudiesSDG-03:Good heatlh and well-bein

Structural and Functional Alterations in the Microbial Community and Immunological Consequences in a Mouse Model of Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis

The aim of this study was to establish continuous therapeutic-dose ampicillin (CTDA)-induced dysbiosis in a mouse model, mimicking typical adult exposure, with a view to using this to assess its impact on gut microbiota, intestinal metabolites and host immune responses. Mice were exposed to ampicillin for 14 days and antibiotic-induced dysbiosis was evaluated by alteration of microbiota and gut permeability. The cecal index was increased in the CTDA group, and the gut permeability indicated by fluorescent dextran, endotoxin and D-Lactate in the serum was significantly increased after antibiotic use. The tight-junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin in the colon were reduced to half the control level in CTDA. We found that alpha-diversity was significantly decreased in mice receiving CTDA, and microbial community structure was altered compared with the control. Key taxa were identified as CTDA-specific, and the relative abundance of Enterococcus and Klebsiella was particularly enriched while Lachnospiraceae, Coprobacillus and Dorea were depleted after antibiotic treatment. In particular, a significant increase in succinate and a reduction in butyrate was detected in CTDA mice, and the triggering of NF-κB enhancement reflected that the host immune response was influenced by ampicillin use. The observed perturbation of the microbiota was accompanied by modulation of inflammatory state; this included increase in interferon-γ and RegIIIγ, and a decrease in secretory IgA in the colon mucosa. This study allowed us to identify the key taxa associated with an ampicillin-induced state of dysbiosis in mice and to characterize the microbial communities via molecular profiling. Thus, this work describes the bacterial ecology of antibiotic exposure model in combination with host physiological characteristics at a detailed level of microbial taxa

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Bone Marrow Cell-Mediated Interleukin-10 Gene Therapy of Atherosclerosis

A characteristic feature of atherosclerosis is its diffuse involvement of arteries across the entire human body. Bone marrow cells (BMC) can be simultaneously transferred with therapeutic genes and magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents prior to their transplantation. Via systemic transplantation, these dual-transferred BMCs can circulate through the entire body and thus function as vehicles to carry genes/contrast agents to multiple atherosclerosis. This study was to evaluate the feasibility of using in vivo MR imaging (MRI) to monitor BMC-mediated interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene therapy of atherosclerosis.For in vitro confirmation, donor mouse BMCs were transduced by IL-10/lentivirus, and then labeled with a T2-MR contrast agent (Feridex). For in vivo validation, atherosclerotic apoE(-/-) mice were intravenously transplanted with IL-10/Feridex-BMCs (Group I, n = 5) and Feridex-BMCs (Group II, n = 5), compared to controls without BMC transplantation (Group III, n = 5). The cell migration to aortic atherosclerotic lesions was monitored in vivo using 3.0T MRI with subsequent histology correlation. To evaluate the therapeutic effect of BMC-mediated IL-10 gene therapy, we statistically compared the normalized wall indexes (NWI) of ascending aortas amongst different mouse groups with various treatments.Of in vitro experiments, simultaneous IL-10 transduction and Feridex labeling of BMCs were successfully achieved, with high cell viability and cell labeling efficiency, as well as IL-10 expression efficiency (≥90%). Of in vivo experiments, MRI of animal groups I and II showed signal voids within the aortic walls due to Feridex-created artifacts from the migrated BMCs in the atherosclerotic plaques, which were confirmed by histology. Histological quantification showed that the mean NWI of group I was significantly lower than those of group II and group III (P<0.05).This study has confirmed the possibility of using MRI to track, in vivo, IL-10/Feridex-BMCs recruited to atherosclerotic lesions, where IL-10 genes function to prevent the progression of atherosclerosis