Efecto de la perturbación del bosque en la tasa de visitas de murciélagos polinizadores y sus consecuencias sobre el éxito reproductivo y sistema de apareamiento en árboles de la familia Bombacaceae.

La fragmentación y la perturbación del bosque pueden tener efectos deletéreos sobre el éxito reproductivo y el sistema de apareamiento de los árboles tropicales, además de modificar el compartimiento de sus polinizadores. Los objetivos de este capítulo son: (1) evaluar el efecto de la perturbación del bosque sobre la tasa de visita de los murciélagos a cuatro especies de árboles de Bombacaceas; (2) comparar el éxito reproductivo entre árboles en áreas perturbadas y en bosques continuos; (3) determinar las consecuencias de un cambio en la tasa de visitas de los polinizadores sobre el éxito reproductivo de los árboles; y (4) documentar cómo los patrones de visita de los polinizadores pueden afectar el sistema de apareamiento de las plantas que polinizan. Se estudiaron cuatro especies de árboles de la familia Bombacaceae en los bosques tropicales de Jalisco, México, y en las regiones de Guanacaste y la Península de Osa, en Costa Rica. Los murciélagos nectarívoros fueron los únicos polinizadores efectivos para estas cuatro especies. Las flores de Ceiba grandiflora en el bosque recibieron más visitas por parte de Glossophaga soricina; no se observaron diferencias en el número de visitas por parte de Leptonycteris curasoae y Musonycteris harrisoni solo visitó flores dentro del bosque. Ceiba aesculifolia presentó una mayor tasa de visitas en los sitios perturbados, tanto por G.. soricina como por L. curasoae. Ceiba pentandra, en Chamela, no presentó diferencias en la tasa de visitas de G. soricina entre áreas perturbadas y bosque continuo, pero L. curasoae visitó una mayor cantidad de flores en bosque continuo. En Guanacaste, C. pentandra recibió más visitas de Phyllostomus discolor que de G presentó una mayor producción de flores en fragmentos y no hubo diferencias en la proporción de frutos por flor (fruto/flor). Ceiba grandiflora no presentó diferencias en la producción de flores, pero la razón fruto/flor fue mayor en el bosque. Pachira quinata presentó un patrón similar a C. aesculifolia en cuanto a la producción de flores, pero la razón fruto/flor fue mayor en los árboles de bosque continuo. Estas cuatro especies de Bombacaceae son predominantemente autoincompatibles. Los niveles de exocruzamiento fueron independientes del tipo de hábitat para C. aesculifolia, C. grandiflora y C. pentandra en Guanacaste; sin embargo, los árboles C. pentandra, en la Península de Osa, mostraron un sistema de apareamiento mixto. Los efectos de la perturbación del bosque sobre la polinización por murciélagos, la reproducción de plantas y sus patrones de apareamiento varían según la especie de Bombacaceae y su historia de vida.Forest fragmentation and disturbance can have negative effects on the reproductive success and mating systems of tropical trees, in addition to modifying the behavior of the pollinators that pollinate them. The objectives of this study are: (1) to evaluate the effect of forest disturbance on bat pollinator activity for four bombacaceous species; (2) to compare reproductive success between trees found in disturbed habitats and continuous forest; (3) to determine the consequences of a change in bat pollinator activity on plant reproductive success; and (4) to document how bat pollinator activity may affect breeding systems in the plants they pollinate. Four species from the Bombacaceae family were studied in the tropical forests of Jalisco, Mexico, and in the areas of Guanacaste and Peninsula de Osa, in Costa Rica. Nectarivorous bats were the only effective pollinators observed for these four species. Flowers from Ceiba grandiflora in the forest received more visits from Glossophaga soricina. No differences were observed for Leptonycteris curasoae and Musonycteris harrisoni was only observed visiting flowers in the forest. Flowers from C. aesculifolia in fragmented habitats received more visits from both G. soricina and L. curasoae. For C. pentandra in Chamela no differences in visits were observed for G. soricina between disturbed areas and continuous forest, but L. curasoae visited more flowers in continuous forest. In Guanacaste, C. pentandra received more visits from Phyllostoumus discolor than G. soricina, and in Osa no bat visits were observed. Ceiba aesculifolia produced more flowers in disturbed areas but no differences were observed for fruit set. Ceiba grandiflora showed no differences in flower production but fruit set was greater in the forest. Similar to C. grandiflora, Pachira quinata showed no differences in flower production, however, greater fruit set was observed in continuous forest. These four bombacaceous species are predominantly self-incompatible. Out-crossing rates were independent of habitat for C. aesculifolia, C. grandiflora, and C. pentandra en Guanacaste; however, C. pentandra trees from the Osa Peninsula showed a mixed breeding system. Our results show that the effects of forest disturbance on bat pollination, plant reproductive success and breeding system varied depending on the bombacaceous species and its life history characteristics.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Básicas::Facultad de Ciencias::Escuela de Biologí

Native American ancestry significantly contributes to neuromyelitis optica susceptibility in the admixed Mexican population

Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disease with a higher prevalence in non-European populations. Because the Mexican population resulted from the admixture between mainly Native American and European populations, we used genome-wide microarray, HLA high-resolution typing and AQP4 gene sequencing data to analyze genetic ancestry and to seek genetic variants conferring NMO susceptibility in admixed Mexican patients. A total of 164 Mexican NMO patients and 1,208 controls were included. On average, NMO patients had a higher proportion of Native American ancestry than controls (68.1% vs 58.6%; p = 5 × 10–6). GWAS identified a HLA region associated with NMO, led by rs9272219 (OR = 2.48, P = 8 × 10–10). Class II HLA alleles HLA-DQB1*03:01, -DRB1*08:02, -DRB1*16:02, -DRB1*14:06 and -DQB1*04:02 showed the most significant associations with NMO risk. Local ancestry estimates suggest that all the NMO-associated alleles within the HLA region are of Native American origin. No novel or missense variants in the AQP4 gene were found in Mexican patients with NMO or multiple sclerosis. To our knowledge, this is the first study supporting the notion that Native American ancestry significantly contributes to NMO susceptibility in an admixed population, and is consistent with differences in NMO epidemiology in Mexico and Latin America.Fil: Romero Hidalgo, Sandra. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Flores Rivera, José. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Rivas Alonso, Verónica. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Barquera, Rodrigo. Max Planck Institute For The Science Of Human History; Alemania. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia; MéxicoFil: Villarreal Molina, María Teresa. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Antuna Puente, Bárbara. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Macias Kauffer, Luis Rodrigo. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Villalobos Comparán, Marisela. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Ortiz Maldonado, Jair. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Yu, Neng. American Red Cross; Estados UnidosFil: Lebedeva, Tatiana V.. American Red Cross; Estados UnidosFil: Alosco, Sharon M.. American Red Cross; Estados UnidosFil: García Rodríguez, Juan Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: González Torres, Carolina. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Rosas Madrigal, Sandra. Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica; MéxicoFil: Ordoñez, Graciela. Neuroimmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Guerrero Camacho, Jorge Luis. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; MéxicoFil: Treviño Frenk, Irene. American British Cowdray Medical Center; México. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Escamilla Tilch, Monica. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: García Lechuga, Maricela. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Tovar Méndez, Víctor Hugo. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Pacheco Ubaldo, Hanna. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: Acuña Alonzo, Victor. Instituto Nacional de Antropología E Historia. Escuela Nacional de Antropología E Historia; MéxicoFil: Bortolini, María Cátira. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Gallo, Carla. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Bedoya Berrío, Gabriel. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Rothhammer, Francisco. Universidad de Tarapacá; ChileFil: Gonzalez-Jose, Rolando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto Patagónico de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz Linares, Andrés. Colegio Universitario de Londres; Reino UnidoFil: Canizales Quinteros, Samuel. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Yunis, Edmond. Dana Farber Cancer Institute; Estados UnidosFil: Granados, Julio. Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubiran; MéxicoFil: Corona, Teresa. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía; Méxic

Guías colombianas de electrofisiología no invasiva

Los métodos diagnósticos no invasivos son el pilar inicial del estudio de cualquier paciente con una patología en particular, de ahí que sean los exámenes más solicitados y constituyan una importante carga en costos para un sistema de salud.Q4Guías1-12

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe

Measurement of b jet shapes in proton-proton collisions at root s=5.02 TeV

We present the first study of charged-hadron production associated with jets originating from b quarks in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The data sample used in this study was collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 27.4 pb(-1). To characterize the jet substructure, the differential jet shapes, defined as the normalized transverse momentum distribution of charged hadrons as a function of angular distance from the jet axis, are measured for b jets. In addition to the jet shapes, the per-jet yields of charged particles associated with b jets are also quantified, again as a function of the angular distance with respect to the jet axis. Extracted jet shape and particle yield distributions for b jets are compared with results for inclusive jets, as well as with the predictions from the pythia and herwig++ event generators.Peer reviewe

Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy of Y(1S) and Y(2S) mesons in PbPb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

The second-order Fourier coefficients (v(2)) characterizing the azimuthal distributions of Y(1S) and Y(2S) mesons produced in PbPb collisions at root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV are studied. The Y mesons are reconstructed in their dimuon decay channel, as measured by the CMS detector. The collected data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 nb(-1). The scalar product method is used to extract the v2 coefficients of the azimuthal distributions. Results are reported for the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.4, in the transverse momentum interval 0 < pT < 50 GeV/c, and in three centrality ranges of 10-30%, 30-50% and 50-90%. In contrast to the J/psi mesons, the measured v(2) values for the Y mesons are found to be consistent with zero. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Measurement of B-c(2S)(+) and B-c*(2S)(+) cross section ratios in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements

This paper presents new sets of parameters (“tunes”) for the underlying-event model of the HERWIG7 event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in HERWIG7, and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at s=0.9, 7, and 13Te. The tunes are based on the NNPDF 3.1 next-to-next-to-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-next-to-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and for minimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Z and W boson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the dat