O cuidado farmacêutico na redução do impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 na saúde cardiovascular de pacientes hipertensos e diabéticos

Introdução: A pandemia de COVID-19 impactou na prestação de serviços à saúde aos pacientes portadores de doenças crônicas e o Medication Therapy Management (MTM-PC), parte integrante do cuidado farmacêutico, pode acarretar melhora dos parâmetros clínicos impactados pela pandemia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto clínico do cuidado farmacêutico na hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e diabetes mellitus (DM) diante às mudanças impostas pela pandemia de COVID-19 no âmbito da atenção primária à saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo quase-experimental, single arm, do tipo antes e depois, com a coleta de dados de 01 julho de 2019 a 31 de outubro de 2022. Foram incluídos no estudo dados de pacientes do consultório farmacêutico da Farmácia Universitária- UFJF que foram divididos em pré-pandemia e pandemia, considerando o baseline e os dados relativos à reintrodução do atendimento presencial no consultório como endpoint. Foram coletados dados de pressão arterial, perfil lipídico, glicemia capilar, uso de estatinas e ácido acetilsalicílico, risco cardiovascular e dados psicossociais, consequências do isolamento social na saúde mental, prescrição de medicamentos e hábitos de vida. Os dados foramanalisados no software MINITAB v19, considerando o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Durante a pandemia sem o MTM-PC verificou-se que a pressão arterial e o HDL aumentaram, PAS 117,5±8,86 e 134,75±12,43; PAD 71,25±3,54 e 83,25±11,65; HDL 45,25± 7,80 e 52,38±12,52. Comparativamente, verificou-se que os valores de pressão arterial se mantiveram e os parâmetros de hemoglobina glicada e HDL melhoraram com o MTM-PC, HbA1c 7,890±1,798, [p=0,028] e 7,325±1,30; HDL48,00±6,00 e 59,00±10,56, [p=0,020]. Consequentemente, refletiu-se no aumento do risco cardiovascular pela pandemia, tanto na escala global 13,69±8,08 para 22,38±7,28, quanto otimizada, 8,35± 6,71 para 16,10±5,83, [p=0,38], havendo a quebra de tendência no aumento do risco com o MTM-PC. A carga terapêutica dos medicamentos utilizados para hipertensão e diabetes se manteve abaixo do valor limite de 75%. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que a pandemia modificou parâmetros como pressão arterial e risco cardiovascular. E que o MTM-PC foi capaz de reduzir o impacto da pandemia na hemoglobina glicada, melhorar os níveis de colesterol HDL e quebrar uma tendência do aumento do risco cardiovascular.Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the provision of health services to patients with chronic diseases, and the Medication Therapy Management, an integral part of pharmaceutical care can lead to an improvement in clinical parameters impacted by the pandemic. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical impact ofMTM-PC on systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) in comparison with the changes imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic in the primary healthcare scope. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental, single-arm, before-and-after study, with data collection from July 1, 2019 to October 31, 2022. Data from patients at the pharmaceuticalservices, of the teaching-Pharmacy of UFJF, were included in the study and were divided into pre-pandemic and pandemic period, considering baseline data and the data related to the reintroduction of face-to-face care in the office as an endpoint.. Data were collected on blood pressure, lipidic profile, glycemia, use of statins and acetylsalicylic acid, cardiovascular risk, and psychosocial data, consequences of social isolation on mental health, medication prescription and life habits. Data were analyzed using the MINITAB v19 software, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: During the pandemic without MTM-PC it was found that blood pressure and HDL increased comparing the pre-pandemic with the pandemic without MTM-PC, respectively, SBP 117.5±8.86 and 134.75±12.43; DBP 71.25±3.54 and 83.25±11.65; HDL 45.25±7.80 and 52.38±12.52. Comparatively, it was verified that the blood pressure values were maintained and, the MTM-PC changed parameters like HbA1c 7.890±1.798, [p=0.028] and 7.325±1.30; HDL48.00±6.00 and 59.00±10.56, [p=0.020]. There was a change in both mean of cardiovascular risk, the global scale 13.69±8.08 to 22.38±7.28 and the optimized scale 8.35±6.71 to 16.10±5.83, [p=0.38], with a break in the trend of increased risk with the MTM-PC. The therapeutic load of drugs used for hypertension and diabetes remained below the limit value of 75%. Conclusion: There was evidence that the pandemic changed parameters such as blood pressure and cardiovascular risk. Additionally, the MTM-PC may be able to reduce the impact of the pandemic on glycated hemoglobin, improve HDL cholesterol levels and break a trend of increased cardiovascular risk

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved