A FALÊNCIA DO SISTEMA PENITENCIÁRIO BRASILEIRO: UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE A RECUPERAÇÃO POR INTERMÉDIO DA PRIVATIZAÇÃO

O presente ensaio tem como objetivo uma reflexão a respeito da falência do sistema penitenciário brasileiro que além de não atingir as finalidades previstas ao efetivar a sentença condenatória através da pena privativa de liberdade, consiste atualmente em afronta gritante aos direitos e garantias fundamentais. Em que pese inúmeras críticas a privatização, a mesma consiste em possível solução, conforme será analisado. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida através de análise bibliográfica e de dados colhidos e apresentados pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça, o método histórico-evolutivo foi utilizado em conjunto com o dialético mediante diálogo entre as transformações da pena e a realidade

“HÁ TRÊS TIPOS DE MENTIRAS: MENTIRAS, MENTIRAS TERRÍVEIS E ESTATÍSTICAS”

Todo e qualquer governo é preocupado com suas estatísticas. São elas os indicadores da qualidade da gestão. O Estado de Minas Gerais não foge à essa regra. Os governantes mineiros querem mostrar que a educação evoluiu, a saúde melhorou, a criminalidade diminuiu, entre outros índices. No entanto, no que diz respeito à segurança, Minas Gerais não parece ser um Estado que possui índices confiáveis. Isso porque, ao que tudo indica, a base de dados que alimenta as estatísticas criminais é confeccionada por pessoas sem qualquer preparo jurídico criminal para fazê-lo. Duas grandes possibilidades surgem deste fato: estrutura das estatísticas mal desenvolvida ou má-fé dos governantes em manter esta situação. Pretende-se, neste artigo, analisar as estatísticas relativas à segurança pública, mais especificamente no tocante ao crescimento ou diminuição de crimes no Estado de Minas Gerais. Para tal análise, serão utilizados dados da segurança pública da cidade de Frutal-MG Palavras-Chave: Estatísticas Criminais. Polícia Civil. Polícia Militar. Every government is concerned about its statistics. They are the indicators of the quality of management. The State of Minas Gerais does not escape this rule. The governors of Minas Gerais want to show that education has evolved, health has improved, crime has decreased, among other indexes. However, as far as security is concerned, Minas Gerais does not seem to be a state that has reliable indexes. This is because, it seems, the database that feeds the criminal statistics is made by people without any criminal legal preparation to do so. Two great possibilities arise from this fact: structure of statistics poorly developed or bad faith of the rulers in maintaining this situation. The purpose of this article is to analyze statistics on public security, specifically regarding the growth or decrease of crimes in the State of Minas Gerais. For this analysis, public safety data will be used in the city of Frutal-MG  Keywords: Criminal Statistics. Civil police. Military Police

O Precedente Judicial no Ordenamento Jurídico Brasileiro

The legal systems deriving from the civil law system, law is used as the primary source of law, based on legal positivism, including the Brazilian legal system, with a tradition dating back to antiquity and with strong influence of French law. In contrast, the common law system, also known as the English system, to designate common law in England, by virtue of local customs, is a judge-made-law. Based on a historical-bibliographic research, the present article aims to present the two systems above and the question of judicial precedent in the Brazilian legal system for the purpose of demonstrating the distinction between the two systems.Os ordenamentos jurídicos decorrentes do sistema da civil law,  utiliza-se a lei como fonte primária do direito, pautados no positivismo jurídico, inclusive o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, com tradição que remonta desde a antiguidade e com forte influência do direito francês. Em contrapartida, o sistema da common law, também conhecido como sistema inglês, para designar direito comum na Inglaterra, em virtude dos costumes locais, é um judge-made-law. Partindo uma pesquisa histórico-bibliográfica, o presente artigo visa apresentar os dois sistemas acima e a questão do precedente judicial no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro para o fim demonstrar a distinção entre os dois sistemas.

APORTES PARA UM DIREITO PENAL CONTEMPORÂNEO

OBJETIVOS DO TRABALHO O objetivo traçado é refletir sobre a importância para os operadores do direito, principalmente, no âmbito do direito penal, da aplicabilidade da derrotabilidade, sua influência em nosso ordenamento jurídico e a relevância do tema frente às colisões de princípios. A presente pesquisa aborda a teoria da derrotabilidade das normas jurídicas e a interpretação das normas em conformidade com o texto constitucional, possibilitando a concretização dos direitos fundamentais por meio da derrotabilidade. O direito penal, em nosso Estado Democrático de Direito é um dos ramos do direito com maior capacidade de lesar os direitos fundamentais, tendo em vista a aplicação de penas restritivas ao direito de liberdade, assim, a derrotabilidade será inserida justamente nesse contexto, na busca de um direto penal mínimo, onde os direitos fundamentais irão suplantar leis penais obsoletas, sem qualquer efetividade, ou ainda aquelas penas desproporcionais em relação aos crimes cometidos

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Management practices for postdural puncture headache in obstetrics : a prospective, international, cohort study

Background: Accidental dural puncture is an uncommon complication of epidural analgesia and can cause postdural puncture headache (PDPH). We aimed to describe management practices and outcomes after PDPH treated by epidural blood patch (EBP) or no EBP. Methods: Following ethics committee approval, patients who developed PDPH after accidental dural puncture were recruited from participating countries and divided into two groups, those receiving EBP or no EBP. Data registered included patient and procedure characteristics, headache symptoms and intensity, management practices, and complications. Follow-up was at 3 months. Results: A total of 1001 patients from 24 countries were included, of which 647 (64.6%) received an EBP and 354 (35.4%) did not receive an EBP (no-EBP). Higher initial headache intensity was associated with greater use of EBP, odds ratio 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.19-1.41) per pain intensity unit increase. Headache intensity declined sharply at 4 h after EBP and 127 (19.3%) patients received a second EBP. On average, no or mild headache (numeric rating score <= 3) was observed 7 days after diagnosis. Intracranial bleeding was diagnosed in three patients (0.46%), and backache, headache, and analgesic use were more common at 3 months in the EBP group. Conclusions: Management practices vary between countries, but EBP was more often used in patients with greater initial headache intensity. EBP reduced headache intensity quickly, but about 20% of patients needed a second EBP. After 7 days, most patients had no or mild headache. Backache, headache, and analgesic use were more common at 3 months in patients receiving an EBP

Management practices for postdural puncture headache in obstetrics: a prospective, international, cohort study

© 2020 British Journal of AnaesthesiaBackground: Accidental dural puncture is an uncommon complication of epidural analgesia and can cause postdural puncture headache (PDPH). We aimed to describe management practices and outcomes after PDPH treated by epidural blood patch (EBP) or no EBP. Methods: Following ethics committee approval, patients who developed PDPH after accidental dural puncture were recruited from participating countries and divided into two groups, those receiving EBP or no EBP. Data registered included patient and procedure characteristics, headache symptoms and intensity, management practices, and complications. Follow-up was at 3 months. Results: A total of 1001 patients from 24 countries were included, of which 647 (64.6%) received an EBP and 354 (35.4%) did not receive an EBP (no-EBP). Higher initial headache intensity was associated with greater use of EBP, odds ratio 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.19–1.41) per pain intensity unit increase. Headache intensity declined sharply at 4 h after EBP and 127 (19.3%) patients received a second EBP. On average, no or mild headache (numeric rating score≤3) was observed 7 days after diagnosis. Intracranial bleeding was diagnosed in three patients (0.46%), and backache, headache, and analgesic use were more common at 3 months in the EBP group. Conclusions: Management practices vary between countries, but EBP was more often used in patients with greater initial headache intensity. EBP reduced headache intensity quickly, but about 20% of patients needed a second EBP. After 7 days, most patients had no or mild headache. Backache, headache, and analgesic use were more common at 3 months in patients receiving an EBP