DATOS PRELIMINARES SOBRE EL CICLO NICTIMERAL DE PHLEBOTOMUS PERNICIOSUS NEWSTEAD, 1911 Y PHLEBOTOMUS SERGENTI PARROT, 1917 (DIPTERA, PSYCHODIDAE)

Studies carried out on night activity of sandflies in an endemic area of leishmaniasis have shown the night cycle of the most abundant species: Phlebotomus perniciosus Newstead, 1911 and Phlebotomus sergenti Parrot, 1917. This cyle is directly related to environmental conditions and physiological stage of females. So, warm and dry conditons allow sandflies activity is continued all night long. With lower temperatures and higher relative humidity values sandflies go out from their resting sites in waves. The higher densities, measured in sandflies per hour, have been reached from 21 to 24 p.m.; so, this is the most important epidemiological risk period for dispersion of leishmaniasis, because 95 per cent of females have not fed yet and, accordingly, they should be more active to find a host.El estudio del ciclo nictimeral de los flebotomos en un foco de leishmaniasis en el sudeste de la Península Ibérica ha puesto de manifiesto la actividad nocturna de las especies más abundantes: Phlebotomus perniciosus Newstead, 1911 and Phlebotomus sergenti Parrot, 1917. El ciclo de actividad nocturna de estos dípteros está directamente relacionada con las condiciones microambientales y con el estado fisiológico de las hembras. De forma que temperaturas elevadas y ambientes secos permiten un desarrollo de la actividad de los flebotomos de forma continuada a lo largo de toda la noche. Temperaturas más bajas y humedad relativa alta favorecen que la actividad de estos dípteros sea en oleadas. Las mayores densidades, medidas en flebotomos capturados por hora, se alcanzan entre las 21 y las 24 horas p.m., por tanto este es el periodo de mayor riesgo para la dispersión de la leishmaniasis, debido a que el 95% de las hembras no se habían alimentado todavía y éstas se muestran más activas para satisfacer sus necesidades alimentarias

ESTUDIO DE LAS POBLACIONES DE FLEBOTOMOS (DIPTERA, PSYCHODIDAE) DE LA COMUNIDAD DE MADRID (ESPAÑA)

A study dealing with phlebotomine sandflies in the Madrid community (Central Spain) has been carried out. A total of 31.161 specimens belonging to seven species were capturated. The two species Sergentomyia minuta (Rondani, 1843) and Phlebotomus perniciosus Newstead, 1911 are the most abundant and widespread among these. The presence of Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli, 1786), Phlebotomus longicuspis Nitzulescu, 1930 and Phlebotomus langeroni Nitzulescu, 1930 have been reported for the first time in the Madrid province. Some aspects dealing with the sandflies populations such as specific richness and frecuence as well as interspecific affinity and specific diversity are treated. These results provide information about the structure and dynamics of phlebotomine sandflies populations in the Madrid province.En el estudio entomológico sobre flebotomos, llevado a cabo en la Comunidad de Madrid, se capturó un total de 31.161 ejemplares pertenecientes a 7 especies. Entre estas especies cabe destacar Sergentomyia minuta (Rondani, 1843) y Phlebotomus perniciosus Newstead, 1911, como las especies más abundantes y comunes. Así mismo se aportan tres nuevas especies a la lista de flebotomos de la provincia de Madrid: Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli, 1786), Phlebotomus longicuspis Nitzulescu, 1930 y Phlebotomus langeroni Nitzulescu, 1930. Se estudian diferentes aspectos de las comunidades de flebotomos: riqueza específica, frecuencia, convivencia, afinidad interespecífica y diversidad específica, lo que permite conocer, en parte, la estructura de dichas comunidades

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative sars-cov-2 infection: An international cohort study

Background The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (740%) had emergency surgery and 280 (248%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (261%) patients. 30-day mortality was 238% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (512%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 380% (219 of 577), accounting for 817% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 175 [95% CI 128-240], p<00001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (230 [165-322], p<00001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3-5 versus grades 1-2 (235 [157-353], p<00001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (155 [101-239], p=0046), emergency versus elective surgery (167 [106-263], p=0026), and major versus minor surgery (152 [101-231], p=0047). Interpretation Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Nitzulescu, 1930 (Diptera, Psychodidae), espèce nouvelle pour l'Espagne

Les auteurs signalent la première mention pour l'Espagne de Phlebotomus langeroni Nitzulescu, 1930. les zones de capture sont situées dans l'étage méditerranéen typique. Cette espèce est distinguée des autres représentantes du sous-genre Larroussius. In fine une liste réactualisée des espèces de la péninsule ibérique est proposée

Characterization of the wind speed variability and future change in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands

Wind energy is susceptible to global climate change because it could alter the wind patterns. Then, improvement of our knowledge of wind field variability is crucial to optimize the use of wind resources in a given region. Here, we quantify the effects of climate change on the surface wind speed field over the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands using an ensemble of four regional climate models driven by a global climate model. Regions of the Iberian Peninsula with coherent temporal variability in wind speed in each of the models are identified and analysed using cluster analysis. These regions are continuous in each model and exhibit a high degree of overlap across the models. The models forced by the European Reanalysis Interim (ERA-Interim) reanalysis are validated against the European Climate Assessment and Dataset wind. We find that regional models are able to simulate with reasonable skill the spatial distribution of wind speed at 10 m in the Iberian Peninsula, identifying areas with common wind variability. Under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B climate change scenario, the wind speed in the identified regions for 2031–2050 is up to 5% less than during the 1980–1999 control period for all models. The models also agree on the time evolution of spatially averaged wind speed in each region, showing a negative trend for all of them. These tendencies depend on the region and are significant at p = 5% or slightly more for annual trends, while seasonal trends are not significant in most of the regions and seasons. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Characterization of the wind speed variability and future change in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands

Wind energy is susceptible to global climate change because it could alter the wind patterns. Then, improvement of our knowledge of wind field variability is crucial to optimize the use of wind resources in a given region. Here, we quantify the effects of climate change on the surface wind speed field over the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands using an ensemble of four regional climate models driven by a global climate model. Regions of the Iberian Peninsula with coherent temporal variability in wind speed in each of the models are identified and analysed using cluster analysis. These regions are continuous in each model and exhibit a high degree of overlap across the models. The models forced by the European Reanalysis Interim (ERA-Interim) reanalysis are validated against the European Climate Assessment and Dataset wind. We find that regional models are able to simulate with reasonable skill the spatial distribution of wind speed at 10 m in the Iberian Peninsula, identifying areas with common wind variability. Under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B climate change scenario, the wind speed in the identified regions for 2031-2050 is up to 5% less than during the 1980-1999 control period for all models. The models also agree on the time evolution of spatially averaged wind speed in each region, showing a negative trend for all of them. These tendencies depend on the region and are significant at p = 5% or slightly more for annual trends, while seasonal trends are not significant in most of the regions and seasons