Study of dynamics of X-14B VTOL aircraft

Research was initiated to investigate certain facets of modern control theory and their integration with a digital computer to provide a tractable flight control system for a VTOL aircraft. Since the hover mode is the most demanding phase in the operation of a VTOL aircraft, the research efforts were concentrated in this mode of aircraft operation. Research work on three different aspects of the operation of the X-14B VTOL aircraft is discussed. A general theory for optimal, prespecified, closed-loop control is developed. The ultimate goal was optimal decoupling of the modes of the VTOL aircraft to simplify the pilot's task of handling the aircraft. Modern control theory is used to design deterministic state estimators which provide state variables not measured directly, but which are needed for state variable feedback control. The effect of atmospheric turbulence on the X-14B is investigated. A maximum magnitude gust envelope within which the aircraft could operate stably with the available control power is determined

OS FUNDAMENTOS POLÍTICOS E JURÍDICOS COLONIZADORES DO CONCEITO DE MULHER VISIBILIZADOS NA CRÍTICA DE MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT

Palavras-chave : modernidade, direito, feminismo, Mary Wollstonecraft.Palavras clave: modernidade, direito, feminismo, Mary Wollstonecraf

An integrated computer-based system to support nicotine dependence treatment in primary care

The purpose of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate the feasibility of an integrated computer-based system for tobacco-user identification and smoking cessation intervention for primary care patients in a medically indigent, managed care population. Interactive voice response (IVR) technology was used to screen for tobacco use prior to scheduled primary care visits at two inner-city clinics. The IVR system placed calls to 2,039 patients scheduled for clinic visits, and 1,086 (53%) patients completed the automated tobacco-use question set. Current smokers were identified in 421 (39%) of the calls. Computer-generated reminders for clinicians that incorporated information obtained from the automated calls were placed on all smokers' encounter forms. In a postvisit interview of 120 smokers, 58 participants (48%) reported that they discussed smoking cessation with their provider. Some 71% of participants agreed that use of the IVR system to obtain information was a ''good way for patients to give information about their health to doctors.'' Automated capture of patient-reported data via IVR technology is a potentially useful strategy for tobacco-use screening in primary care

Influence of PH3 exposure on silicon substrate morphology in the MOVPE growth of III-V on silicon multijunction solar cells

Dual-junction solar cells formed by a GaAsP or GaInP top cell and a silicon bottom cell seem to be attractive candidates to materialize the long sought-for integration of III-V materials on silicon for photovoltaic applications. One of the first issues to be considered in the development of this structure will be the strategy to create the silicon emitter of the bottom subcell. In this study, we explore the possibility of forming the silicon emitter by phosphorus diffusion (i.e. exposing the wafer to PH3 in a MOVPE reactor) and still obtain good surface morphologies to achieve a successful III-V heteroepitaxy as occurs in conventional III-V on germanium solar cell technology. Consequently, we explore the parameter space (PH3 partial pressure, time and temperature) that is needed to create optimized emitter designs and assess the impact of such treatments on surface morphology using atomic force microscopy. Although a strong degradation of surface morphology caused by prolonged exposure of silicon to PH3 is corroborated, it is also shown that subsequent anneals under H-2 can recover silicon surface morphology and minimize its RMS roughness and the presence of pits and spikes

Steam Reforming Application for Treatment of DOE Sodium Bearing Tank Wastes at INL for ICP

The patented THOR® steam reforming waste treatment technology has been selected as the technology of choice for treatment of Sodium Bearing Waste (SBW) at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) for the Idaho Cleanup Project (ICP). SBW is an acidic tank waste at the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC) at INL. It consists primarily of waste from decontamination activities and laboratory wastes. SBW contains high concentrations of nitric acid, alkali and aluminum nitrates, with minor amounts of many inorganic compounds including radionuclides, mainly cesium and strontium. The THOR® steam reforming process will convert the SBW tank waste feed into a dry, solid, granular product. The THOR® technology was selected to treat SBW, in part, because it can provide flexible disposal options to accommodate the final disposition path selected for SBW. THOR® can produce a final end-product that will meet anticipated requirements for disposal as Remote-Handled TRU (RH-TRU) waste; and, with modifications, THOR® can also produce a final endproduct that could be qualified for disposal as High Level Waste (HLW). SBW treatment will be take place within the Integrated Waste Treatment Unit (IWTU), a new facility that will be located at the INTEC. This paper provides an overview of the THOR® process chemistry and process equipment being designed for the IWTU

Cuidados no tratamento odontológico em pacientes anticoagulados

A coagulação sanguínea permite a redução da perda de sangue no caso de hemorragia. Pessoas com transtornos de coagulação e que façam uso de anticoagulantes ou antiagregantes plaquetários requerem maior atenção e cuidados especiais durante a prática odontológica. O objetivo com este trabalho foi apresentar os cuidados no tratamento odontológico de pacientes anticoagulados, bem como os medicamentos dos quais eles fazem uso. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, cujo levantamento bibliográfico foi obtido por meio de livros de Farmacologia Clínica e Ação Terapêutica, sendo utilizados quatro artigos científicos das bases de dados SciELO e PubMed. As coagulopatias podem ser hereditárias ou adquiridas, caracterizando doenças como hemofilia, doença de von Willebrand e trombose venosa. Para controle destas são empregados medicamentos como Dipiridamol (Persantin®), Clopidogrel (Plavix®), Heparina Sódica (Liquemine®) e Varfarina (Marevan®), sendo indicados para pacientes com histórico recente de AVC, tromboses, embolias decorrentes da implantação de próteses valvulares e redução da agregação plaquetária. Por apresentar uma excelente taxa de biodisponibilidade, o anticoagulante mais largamente utilizado é a Varfarina (Marevan®), que bloqueia diversas etapas na cascata de coagulação, diminuindo a formação da fibrina. Pacientes anticoagulados não apresentam restrições para tratamentos odontológicos, apenas cuidados por parte do cirurgião-dentista com a utilização de sugadores, realização de moldagens, bordas da película de raio-X e principalmente durante cirurgias; desde a aplicação da anestesia local, quando possível não se deve realizar anestesia troncular (pois apresenta alto risco de hematomas), além de ser importante evitar a extração simultânea de mais de um elemento dentário e sempre suturar adequadamente o local do procedimento. São utilizados durante e/ou após os procedimentos cirúrgicos métodos auxiliares na hemostasia, como antifibrinolíticos (ácido tranexâmico), selante de fibrina, esponja hemostática e gelo. É importante que o cirurgião-dentista conheça o histórico médico do paciente por meio de uma rigorosa anamnese e se familiarize com os medicamentos por ele usados.Palavras-chave: Anticoagulantes. Coagulação. Odontologia. Pacientes anticoagulados

Drop-in capsule testing of plutonium-based fuels in the Advanced Test Reactor

The most attractive way to dispose of weapons-grade plutonium (WGPu) is to use it as fuel in existing light water reactors (LWRs) in the form of mixed oxide (MOX) fuel - i.e., plutonia (PuO[sub 2]) mixed with urania (UO[sub 2]). Before U.S. reactors could be used for this purpose, their operating licenses would have to be amended. Numerous technical issues must be resolved before LWR operating licenses can be amended to allow the use of MOX fuel. The proposed weapons-grade MOX fuel is unusual, even relative to ongoing foreign experience with reactor-grade MOX power reactor fuel. Some demonstration of the in- reactor thermal, mechanical, and fission gas release behavior of the prototype fuel will most likely be required in a limited number of test reactor irradiations. The application to license operation with MOX fuel must be amply supported by experimental data. The Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) is capable of playing a key role in the irradiation, development, and licensing of these new fuel types. The ATR is a 250- MW (thermal) LWR designed to study the effects of intense radiation on reactor fuels and materials. For 25 years, the primary role of the ATR has been to serve in experimental investigations for the development of advanced nuclear fuels. Both large- and small-volume test positions in the ATR could be used for MOX fuel irradiation. The ATR would be a nearly ideal test bed for developing data needed to support applications to license LWRs for operation with MOX fuel made from weapons-grade plutonium. Furthermore, these data can be obtained more quickly by using ATR instead of testing in a commercial LWR. Our previous work in this area has demonstrated that it is technically feasible to perform MOX fuel testing in the ATR. This report documents our analyses of sealed drop-in capsules containing plutonium-based test specimens placed in various ATR positions

Chemical vapour deposition synthetic diamond: materials, technology and applications

Substantial developments have been achieved in the synthesis of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond in recent years, providing engineers and designers with access to a large range of new diamond materials. CVD diamond has a number of outstanding material properties that can enable exceptional performance in applications as diverse as medical diagnostics, water treatment, radiation detection, high power electronics, consumer audio, magnetometry and novel lasers. Often the material is synthesized in planar form, however non-planar geometries are also possible and enable a number of key applications. This article reviews the material properties and characteristics of single crystal and polycrystalline CVD diamond, and how these can be utilized, focusing particularly on optics, electronics and electrochemistry. It also summarizes how CVD diamond can be tailored for specific applications, based on the ability to synthesize a consistent and engineered high performance product.Comment: 51 pages, 16 figure

In Situ Characterization of Interfaces Relevant for Efficient Photoinduced Reactions

Solar energy conversion and photoinduced bioactive sensors are representing topical scientific fields, where interfaces play a decisive role for efficient applications. The key to specifically tune these interfaces is a precise knowledge of interfacial structures and their formation on the microscopic, preferably atomic scale. Gaining thorough insight into interfacial reactions, however, is particularly challenging in relevant complex chemical environment. This review introduces a spectrum of material systems with corresponding interfaces significant for efficient applications in energy conversion and sensor technologies. It highlights appropriate analysis techniques capable of monitoring critical physicochemical reactions in situ during non-vacuum preparation and photoactivity studies including well-defined inorganic epitaxial reference surfaces, buried interfaces, and low-defect nucleation of disjunct epitaxial materials that are analyzed during preparation in chemical vapor environment. Their surfaces are then modified and functionalized in gaseous and liquid environment. Finally, even more complex coupling of inorganic stable photoactive materials with responsive soft matter for bioactivity is reviewed. Interface formation, structure, and/or artificial photochemical interfacial reactions are scrutinized down to the atomic scale in real time, also accounting for equilibrium versus non-equilibrium, kinetically driven processes, in order to accelerate progresses in the realization of efficient energy materials and in the exploitation of photoinduced processes at interfaces

An advanced tabu search approach to the airlift loading problem

textThis dissertation details an algorithm to solve the Airlift Loading Problem (ALP). Given a set of cargo to be transported from an aerial port of embarkation to one or more aerial ports of debarkation, the ALP seeks to pack the cargo items onto pallets (if necessary), partition the set of cargo items into aircraft loads, select an efficient and effective set of aircraft from available aircraft, and to place the cargo in allowable positions on those aircraft. The ALP differs from most partitioning and packing problems described in the literature because, in addition to spatial constraints, factors such as allowable cabin load, balance, and temporal restrictions on cargo loading availability and cargo delivery requirements must be considered. While classical methods would be forced to attack such problems in a hierarchical fashion by solving a sequence of related subproblems, this research develops an algorithm to simultaneously solve the combined problem by employing an advanced tabu search approach.Operations Research and Industrial Engineerin