Análisis del clima organizacional en la microempresa depósito trilladora la 16

El presente documento recopila un trabajo de investigación que analiza el clima organizacional en la microempresa denominada depósito trillador la 16, mediante el cual se verificará cómo el clima organizacional impacta en el desempeño y productividad de los colaboradores, identificando los factores negativos existentes, y así responder a la pregunta: ¿Cuáles son los factores que inciden en el clima organizacional de la microempresa depósito trillador la 16 y cómo incide en el desempeño y motivación de sus colaboradores? En el desarrollo de este trabajo ha sido necesario que se considere todos los aspectos importantes para que el clima organizacional de la empresa sea exitoso, y con esto se pueda optimizar costos, aumentar la motivación en los colaboradores, promover el liderazgo y lograr sentido de pertenencia en cada uno de los empleados. Un buen clima organizacional facilita un buen desempeño y aumenta la productividad, al tiempo que fomenta la participación del empleado para crear un comportamiento maduro y permite que se comprometa más con las responsabilidades y tareas laborales. nuestra investigación está enfocada en estudiar y analizar el clima organizacional de la empresa “depósito trillador la 16”, para ello se ha utilizado la encuesta como instrumento para conocer la percepción de los empleados, con esto será posible identificar algunas recomendaciones y luego darlas a conocer al gerente para ser analizadas, estudiadas y utilizadas para tomar decisiones respecto al clima organizacional, para permitir mejorarlo, optimizarlo y preservarlo en estas condiciones. Es muy importante entender que trabajar para mejorar el clima organizacional trae beneficios para toda la operación, no solo para los empleados, con esto el depósito trillador la 16, evolucionará y podrá mantener buenos resultados.This document compiles a research work that analyzes the organizational climate in the microenterprise called thresher deposit 16, through which it will be verified how the organizational climate impacts the performance and productivity of the collaborators, identifying the existing negative factors, and thus respond to the question: What are the factors that affect the organizational climate of the la 16 thresher deposit microenterprise and how does it affect the performance and motivation of its employees? In the development of this work has been necessary that we consider all important aspects to change the organizational climate of this company become successfully, and with this, the company can optimize costs, increase the motivation, promote the leadership, and get sense of belonging in all employees. A good organizational climate expedites a good performance and increases the productivity, while it encourages the employee’s participation to creation a mature behavior and allows that they fell more compromise with their job responsibilities and tasks. Our investigation is focused to studding and analyzing the organizational climate of the company “déposito trilladora la 16”, by this purpose we have using surveys like a instruments to know the perception of the employees, whit this will be possible we can identified some recommendations and then these will be known to the manager to be analyzed, studied and used to make decisions respect to the organizational climate, to allows improve it, optimize it, and preserve it in these conditions. Is very important understand that work to enhancement the organizational climate brings benefits to all operation, not only by the employees, with this, the depósito trilladora la 16, will evolve and it can maintain good results

Estudios sobre violencia en la educación. Enfoques, textos y contextos

El concepto de la violencia ha estado sobre la palestra desde el principio de nuestras sociedades. No obstante, en la práctica sus facetas son múltiples y en diversos ámbitos, lo que ha dado lugar a especulaciones acerca de los medios y los fines. Esto mismo incita a reflexionar en lo axiológico, pues la violencia alberga en sí un elemento adicional de arbitrariedad y, por lo tanto, se relaciona con aspectos fundamentales del derecho o los derechos humanos. En los ámbitos educativos han aparecido nuevas formas de violencia personal, que se reflejan en el bullying y el mobbing. En el ámbito universitario, existe un malestar que no se palía con estímulos o clientelismos y que se refiere a un tipo de violencia particular soterrada por las políticas públicas y el intervencionismo del Estado, los cuales han provocado tensiones entre las comunidades académicas; éstas tienen que ver con la defensa de los principios de libertad y autonomía de cátedra e investigación. En algunos casos, dichas voces han formulado críticas a los programas impuestos, ya que éstos se establecen sin reflexionar en los costos sociales que provocan en el trabajo académico y científico. De esas formas de violencia se quiere dar cuenta en esta obra, la cual fue desarrollada por la Red de Cuerpos Académicos en Política, Educación y Universidad

Dissecting the Shared Genetic Architecture of Suicide Attempt, Psychiatric Disorders, and Known Risk Factors

Background Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, and nonfatal suicide attempts, which occur far more frequently, are a major source of disability and social and economic burden. Both have substantial genetic etiology, which is partially shared and partially distinct from that of related psychiatric disorders. Methods We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 29,782 suicide attempt (SA) cases and 519,961 controls in the International Suicide Genetics Consortium (ISGC). The GWAS of SA was conditioned on psychiatric disorders using GWAS summary statistics via multitrait-based conditional and joint analysis, to remove genetic effects on SA mediated by psychiatric disorders. We investigated the shared and divergent genetic architectures of SA, psychiatric disorders, and other known risk factors. Results Two loci reached genome-wide significance for SA: the major histocompatibility complex and an intergenic locus on chromosome 7, the latter of which remained associated with SA after conditioning on psychiatric disorders and replicated in an independent cohort from the Million Veteran Program. This locus has been implicated in risk-taking behavior, smoking, and insomnia. SA showed strong genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, particularly major depression, and also with smoking, pain, risk-taking behavior, sleep disturbances, lower educational attainment, reproductive traits, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer general health. After conditioning on psychiatric disorders, the genetic correlations between SA and psychiatric disorders decreased, whereas those with nonpsychiatric traits remained largely unchanged. Conclusions Our results identify a risk locus that contributes more strongly to SA than other phenotypes and suggest a shared underlying biology between SA and known risk factors that is not mediated by psychiatric disorders.Peer reviewe

Unravelling how in vitro capacitation alters ram sperm chromatin before and after cryopreservation

Background Sperm chromatin structure provides valuable information for the prediction of male fertility and can be altered during different procedures. Previous studies have shown that sperm chromatin condensation decreased during in vitro capacitation. Moreover, cryopreservation can affect sperm DNA integrity and chromatin compaction. Objectives This study aimed to investigate dynamic modifications produced in the chromatin structure of ram spermatozoa during in vitro capacitation before and after cryopreservation. Materials and methods Chromatin decondensation (AB+), DNA methylation, DNA fragmentation index (%DFI) and high DNA stainability (HDS) were evaluated in fresh and frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa incubated under capacitating (CAP) conditions at 1, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 minutes and under non-capacitating (NC) conditions at 0, 15 and 240 minutes. Results Incubation in NC conditions did not induce significant changes in chromatin condensation (P &amp;gt; .05; AB + and HDS). However, incubation of fresh and cryopreserved ram spermatozoa under CAP conditions significantly increased chromatin decondensation (P &amp;lt; .05), reaching the highest percentage of AB + and HDS from 180 to 240 minutes in fresh samples and from 5 to 30 minutes in cryopreserved samples. Both variables (HDS and AB+) were positively correlated with tyrosine phosphorylation, total motility, progressive motility, curvilinear velocity and amplitude of lateral head displacement, as well as between them under CAP conditions in fresh and cryopreserved spermatozoa. DNA methylation significantly increased in cryopreserved spermatozoa (P &amp;lt; .05), but only after extended incubation under CAP conditions (60-240 minutes), while the %DFI, albeit higher in cryopreserved samples, remained constant under CAP and NC conditions in both types of sample (P &amp;gt; .05). Discussion and conclusions Our results suggest that sperm chromatin condensation decreased progressively during in vitro capacitation of ram spermatozoa, while sperm DNA integrity remained intact. Such changes in chromatin condensation appeared faster after sperm cryopreservation.Funding Agencies|Ministerio de Economia y CompetitividadSpanish Government [AGL201348421-R]; Swedish Research Council FormasSwedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council Formas [2017-00946, 2019-00288]; Linkoping; ALF-Research [LIO-698951]; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha; Lions Forskningsfond [DNR LIU-2016-00641]; Forskningsradet i Sydostra Sverige [473121, 745971]</p

Lung function and radiological findings 1 year after COVID-19: a prospective follow-up.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has already affected more than 400 million people, with increasing numbers of survivors. These data indicate that a myriad of people may be affected by pulmonary sequelae of the infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate pulmonary sequelae in patients with bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia according to severity 1 year after hospital discharge. COVID-FIBROTIC is a multicenter prospective observational cohort study for admitted patients with bilateral COVID-19 pneumonia. Pulmonary functional outcomes and chest computed tomography sequelae were analyzed 12 months after hospital discharge and we classified patients into three groups according to severity. A post hoc analysis model was designed to establish how functional test changed between groups and over time. A multivariable logistic regression model was created to study prognostic factors for lung diffusion impairment and radiological fibrotic-like changes at 12 months. Among 488 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, 284 patients had completed the entire evaluation at 12 months. Median age was 60.5 ± 11.9 and 55.3% were men. We found between-group differences in male sex, length of hospital stay, radiological involvement and inflammatory laboratory parameters. The functional evaluation of pulmonary sequelae showed that severe patients had statistically worse levels of lung diffusion at 2 months but no between group differences were found in subsequent controls. At 12-month follow up, however, we found impaired lung diffusion in 39.8% unrelated to severity. Radiological fibrotic-like changes at 12 months were reported in 22.7% of patients (102/448), only associated with radiological involvement at admission (OR: 1.55, 95% CI 1.06-2.38; p = 0.02) and LDH (OR: 0.99, 95% CI 0.98-0.99; p = 0.046). Our data suggest that a significant percentage of individuals would develop pulmonary sequelae after COVID 19 pneumonia, regardless of severity of the acute process. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov NCT04409275 (June 1, 2020)

Additional file 1 of Lung function and radiological findings 1 year after COVID-19: a prospective follow-up

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Interaction plot severity and time in 6MWT based on linear mixed model post-hoc analysis. V1 (2 months), V2 (6 months) and V3 (12 months). Group 1: mild; group 2: moderate; group 3: severe. No between-group differences were found at any time. 6MWT = 6 min walk test

El siglo XIX: Bolivia y América latina

Este libro es resultado del Primer Encuentro Internacional de Historia sobre "El Siglo XIX en Bolivia y América Latina", organizado por la Coordinadora de Historia y el Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos (IFEA) el año 1994 en la ciudad de Sucre en homenaje postumo a Gunnar Mendoza. Dedicado al siglo XIX, por ser un período poco abordado en general por la historiografía de los últimos años, tuvo el propósito de analizar, con mayor profundidad y rigor, tanto las continuidades coloniales como las rupturas que lo caracterizaron. En la medida en que participaron bolivianos y bolivianistas de Europa y Estados Unidos, así como investigadores latinoamericanos de Argentina, Perú, Chile, Ecuador y Colombia, esperamos que este volumen que hoy presentamos constituya un aporte y una referencia para el análisis de esta época fundacional de los estados-naciones de América Latina

Genome-wide association study of over 40,000 bipolar disorder cases provides novel biological insights

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a heritable mental illness with complex etiology. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 41,917 BD cases and 371,549 controls of European ancestry, which identified 64 associated genomic loci. BD risk alleles were enriched in genes in synaptic signaling pathways and brain-expressed genes, particularly those with high specificity of expression in neurons of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Significant signal enrichment was found in genes encoding targets of antipsychotics, calcium channel blockers, antiepileptics and anesthetics. Integrating eQTL data implicated 15 genes robustly linked to BD via gene expression, including druggable genes such as HTR6, MCHR1, DCLK3 and FURIN. This GWAS provides the best-powered BD polygenic scores to date, when applied in both European and diverse ancestry samples. Analyses of BD subtypes indicated high but imperfect genetic correlation between BD type I and II and identified additional associated loci. Together, these results advance our understanding of the biological etiology of BD, identify novel therapeutic leads and prioritize genes for functional follow-up studies

Measurement of the ratio of the B0→D∗−τ+ντB^0 \to D^{*-} \tau^+ \nu_{\tau} and B0→D∗−μ+νμB^0 \to D^{*-} \mu^+ \nu_{\mu} branching fractions using three-prong τ\tau-lepton decays

International audienceThe ratio of branching fractions R(D*-)≡B(B0→D*-τ+ντ)/B(B0→D*-μ+νμ) is measured using a data sample of proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3  fb-1. For the first time, R(D*-) is determined using the τ-lepton decays with three charged pions in the final state. The B0→D*-τ+ντ yield is normalized to that of the B0→D*-π+π-π+ mode, providing a measurement of B(B0→D*-τ+ντ)/B(B0→D*-π+π-π+)=1.97±0.13±0.18, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The value of B(B0→D*-τ+ντ)=(1.42±0.094±0.129±0.054)% is obtained, where the third uncertainty is due to the limited knowledge of the branching fraction of the normalization mode. Using the well-measured branching fraction of the B0→D*-μ+νμ decay, a value of R(D*-)=0.291±0.019±0.026±0.013 is established, where the third uncertainty is due to the limited knowledge of the branching fractions of the normalization and B0→D*-μ+νμ modes. This measurement is in agreement with the standard model prediction and with previous results