Uma nova rede de museus para o exército português

Tese de mestrado em Museologia e Museografia, apresentada à Universidade de Lsiboa através da Faculdade de Belas Artes, 2005O Exército Português possui um vasto e diversificado património museológico, de abrangência territorial nacional e multidisciplinar. A sua estrutura organizacional, diversa legislação de suporte e missão reflectem a preocupação de preservar a memória militar, essencialmente na perspectiva histórica. Desde a dimensão e valor das colecções do Museu Militar (em Lisboa) até à mais pequena e humilde Sala de Honra de uma certa Unidade/Estabelecimento/Órgão há, inequivocamente, um denominador comum: conservar os diferentes testemunhos e acções militares. Mas, sendo condição necessária, conservar não é suficiente para se verificar o cumprimento de requisitos museológicos e museográficos, que são actualmente exigidos por lei. Perante esse enquadramento e associado à percepção de existirem insuficiências de diversa ordem no panorama museológico do Exército Português, era determinante avaliar e caracterizar a sua realidade para se propor um novo modelo de gestão e de funcionamento mais eficiente e superiormente articulado. Assim, estabeleceram-se duas perguntas: - Quantos museus, núcleos museológicos, ou outras denominações, existem no Exército Português? - Quais são as características de cada um e de todos, relativamente às funções museológicas? As respostas a essas duas questões, na globalidade, não foram possíveis de obter junto da tutela e do Observatório das Actividades Culturais. Em consequência, recorreu--se ao método do questionário para a recolha de dados e procedeu-se a diversas visitas e entrevistas como forma complementar daquele método e contribuir desse modo para uma caracterização mais verdadeira. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a necessidade, importância e urgência em agir de forma a ser implementada no Exército Português uma estrutura em rede de Museus Militares e de Colecções Militares Visitáveis, aberta a outros museus ou colecções visitáveis quer no plano nacional quer no internacional dotada de recursos museológicos humanos, materiais, financeiros e informáticos adequados para viabilizar um projecto de natureza complexa e diversificada, de dimensão variável e organizada funcionalmente de forma a cumprir dois critérios: - De descentralização territorial, alguns recursos museológicos e temáticos; - De centralização na gestão integrada daqueles recursos.The Portuguese Army possesses a large and varied museological patrimony that is also national and multidisciplinary. Its organizational structure, supporting legislation and mission show the concern for the maintenance of the military memory, particularly in terms of historical perspective. There is something that both the large and valuable collections in the Military Museum (in Lisbon) and the smallest and most humble Salas de Honra of a particular Unit have in common, which is the fact that different military actions and testimony need to be preserved. Nevertheless, “to maintain”, on its own, is not sufficient once we bear in mind museological and museographical requirements. Therefore and due to some insufficiencies related to the museums that belong to the Portuguese Army it seemed of great importance to assess and characterize the reality of those museums. Thus, it might be possible to formulate a proposal for a new model of management as well as for a more effective functioning. Two questions were formulated: - How many museums and related structures are there in the Portuguese Army? - Which are the characteristics of each and of all of them concerning their functions? Due to the impossibility of getting the answers for these questions, we decided to use a questionnaire for data collecting and decided to go through a process of several visits and interviews that could complement the questionnaire and contribute for a more real characterization. The results confirm the need, importance and urgency of implementing a net structure in the Portuguese Army to be used with the Military Museums as well as with other Military Collections. This structure should also be used by other museums or collections – both in national and international territory – and possess the necessary resources – human, material, financial and computer – to create a complex multi project of variable dimension. This project should be organized in order to accomplish: - Territorial decentralization of some thematic and museum related resources - Centralization in terms of integrated management of those resources. Key Words: - Organization, mission, legislation, questionnaire, museum, collection, net, system, net of museums, museological resources, classification, certificatio

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Mammals in Portugal: a data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in Portugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with ~26% of all species being included in the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associated with habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mammals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion for marine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems functionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is crucial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublished georeferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mammals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira that includes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occurring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live observations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%), bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent less than 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrows | soil mounds | tunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animal | hair | skulls | jaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8), observation in shelters, (9) photo trapping | video, (10) predators diet | pellets | pine cones/nuts, (11) scat | track | ditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalization | echolocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and 100 m (76%). Rodentia (n =31,573) has the highest number of records followed by Chiroptera (n = 18,857), Carnivora (n = 18,594), Lagomorpha (n = 17,496), Cetartiodactyla (n = 11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n = 7008). The data set includes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened (e.g., Oryctolagus cuniculus [n = 12,159], Monachus monachus [n = 1,512], and Lynx pardinus [n = 197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate the publication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contribute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting on the development of more accurate and tailored conservation management strategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)