The Interrelation Between Emotional Impulsivity, Craving, and Symptoms Severity in Behavioral Addictions and Related Conditions: a Theory‑Driven Systematic Review

Purpose of Review Here, we systematically review all available evidence on the triadic relationship between positive and negative urgency, craving, and severity of symptoms of candidate behavioral addictions. Recent Findings Current theoretical models attribute a central importance to craving in the chronification and prognosis of behavioral addictions and other problematic non-substance-related behavioral patterns. Craving, in turn, has been convincingly shown to be an affect-laden state, and its control can be conceptualized as partially resulting from emotion regulation mechanisms. However, some gaps remain: first, there is no consensus on the predominantly appetitive or aversive nature of craving; and, second, although positive and negative urgency have been proposed as proxies to incidental emotion regulation mechanisms, their direct or indirect role in craving regulation and severity of problematic behaviors is still poorly known. Summary According to our results, craving emerges as a central construct, partially resulting from emotion dysregulation as assessed by urgency. The preponderance of positive urgency shown by most studies in this review also reinforces the view of positive emotions as a ‘trojan horse’ in addictive processes. Negative urgency, in turn, seems to be a complication factor that could underlie gambling addiction and other related mental health conditions. Most studies, however, are about gambling behavior, with the few studies in other domains precluding firm conclusions about the differences or similarities between them.Universidad de Granada/ CBUAR&D project (Proyecto I + D + i), funded by the Spanish Research Agency (Agencia Española de Investigación)Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación) (MCIN/AEI/https:// doi. org/ 10. 13039/ 50110 00110 33)PID2020-116535 GB-I00PRE2018-085150, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades)Individual research grant (PRE2021-100665, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación)Individual research grant (FPU21/00462, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación)

C3G promotes a selective release of angiogenic factors from activated mouse platelets to regulate angiogenesis and tumor metastasis

[EN]Previous observations indicated that C3G (RAPGEF1) promotes α-granule release, evidenced by the increase in P-selectin exposure on the platelet surface following its activation. The goal of the present study is to further characterize the potential function of C3G as a modulator of the platelet releasate and its implication in the regulation of angiogenesis. Proteomic analysis revealed a decreased secretion of anti-angiogenic factors from activated transgenic C3G and C3GΔCat platelets. Accordingly, the secretome from both transgenic platelets had an overall pro-angiogenic effect as evidenced by an in vitro capillary-tube formation assay with HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) and by two in vivo models of heterotopic tumor growth. In addition, transgenic C3G expression in platelets greatly increased mouse melanoma cells metastasis. Moreover, immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the pro-angiogenic factors VEGF and bFGF were partially retained into α-granules in thrombin- and ADP-activated mouse platelets from both, C3G and C3GΔCat transgenic mice. The observed interaction between C3G and Vesicle-associated membrane protein (Vamp)-7 could explain these results. Concomitantly, increased platelet spreading in both transgenic platelets upon thrombin activation supports this novel function of C3G in α-granule exocytosis. Collectively, our data point out to the co-existence of Rap1GEF-dependent and independent mechanisms mediating C3G effects on platelet secretion, which regulates pathological angiogenesis in tumors and other contexts. The results herein support an important role for platelet C3G in angiogenesis and metastasis

Las redes sociales como herramientas de comunicación, debate y evaluación del trabajo en equipo

En la asignatura OBLII, impartida en el primer curso del Grado en Química, se desarrolla un trabajo bibliográfico en equipo supervisado por un estudiante de postgrado o cursos superiores de la titulación (estudiante-tutor). Hasta el curso 2014/15, el seguimiento de este trabajo y la comunicación entre el equipo de trabajo, profesor y estudiante-tutor se ha realizado mediante reuniones y tutorías presenciales. En el presente curso, se ha empleado la red social Facebook como herramienta de comunicación entre las diferentes figuras implicadas en el citado trabajo colaborativo; y se han llevado a cabo una serie de tutorías no presenciales y debates a través de dicha plataforma. Para llevar a cabo las citadas actividades, se han creado dos tipos de grupos privados en Facebook: un grupo general para todos los estudiantes, estudiantes-tutores y profesores; y otro grupo por cada equipo de trabajo formado por cuatro estudiantes y su estudiante-tutor. Las actividades realizadas a través de esta plataforma han sido utilizadas por los estudiantes-tutores para evaluar la competencia “trabajo en equipo”, recogida en la guía de la asignatura. En el presente trabajo, se muestran los resultados obtenidos en los citados grupos de Facebook, así como la opinión de sus miembros sobre el proyecto

OBLII_2016

En la asignatura OBLII, impartida en el primer curso del Grado en Química, se desarrolla un trabajo bibliográfico en equipo supervisado por un estudiante de postgrado o cursos superiores de la titulación (estudiante-tutor). Hasta el curso 2014/15, el seguimiento de este trabajo y la comunicación entre el equipo de trabajo, profesor y estudiante-tutor se ha realizado mediante reuniones y tutorías presenciales. En el presente curso, se ha empleado la red social Facebook como herramienta de comunicación entre las diferentes figuras implicadas en el citado trabajo colaborativo; y se han llevado a cabo una serie de tutorías no presenciales y debates a través de dicha plataforma. Para llevar a cabo las citadas actividades, se han creado dos tipos de grupos privados en Facebook: un grupo general para todos los estudiantes, estudiantes-tutores y profesores; y otro grupo por cada equipo de trabajo formado por cuatro estudiantes y su estudiante-tutor. Las actividades realizadas a través de esta plataforma han sido utilizadas por los estudiantes-tutores para evaluar la competencia “trabajo en equipo”, recogida en la guía de la asignatura. En el presente trabajo, se muestran los resultados obtenidos en los citados grupos de Facebook, así como la opinión de sus miembros sobre el proyecto

Search for third-generation scalar leptoquarks in the tt channel in proton-proton collisions at √s=8 TeV

A search for pair production of third-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to top quark and t lepton pairs is presented using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of vs=8 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb-1. The search is performed using events that contain an electron or a muon, a hadronically decaying t lepton, and two or more jets. The observations are found to be consistent with the standard model predictions. Assuming that all leptoquarks decay to a top quark and a t lepton, the existence of pair produced, charge -1/3, third-generation leptoquarks up to a mass of 685 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level. This result constitutes the first direct limit for leptoquarks decaying into a top quark and a t lepton, and may also be applied directly to the pair production of bottom squarks decaying predominantly via the R-parity violating coupling λ′333

Risk Factors for COVID-19 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A National, ENEIDA-Based Case–Control Study (COVID-19-EII)

(1) Scant information is available concerning the characteristics that may favour the acquisition of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess these differences between infected and noninfected patients with IBD. (2) This nationwide case-control study evaluated patients with inflammatory bowel disease with COVID-19 (cases) and without COVID-19 (controls) during the period March-July 2020 included in the ENEIDA of GETECCU. (3) A total of 496 cases and 964 controls from 73 Spanish centres were included. No differences were found in the basal characteristics between cases and controls. Cases had higher comorbidity Charlson scores (24% vs. 19%; p = 0.02) and occupational risk (28% vs. 10.5%; p < 0.0001) more frequently than did controls. Lockdown was the only protective measure against COVID-19 (50% vs. 70%; p < 0.0001). No differences were found in the use of systemic steroids, immunosuppressants or biologics between cases and controls. Cases were more often treated with 5-aminosalicylates (42% vs. 34%; p = 0.003). Having a moderate Charlson score (OR: 2.7; 95%CI: 1.3-5.9), occupational risk (OR: 2.9; 95%CI: 1.8-4.4) and the use of 5-aminosalicylates (OR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.2-2.5) were factors for COVID-19. The strict lockdown was the only protective factor (OR: 0.1; 95%CI: 0.09-0.2). (4) Comorbidities and occupational exposure are the most relevant factors for COVID-19 in patients with IBD. The risk of COVID-19 seems not to be increased by immunosuppressants or biologics, with a potential effect of 5-aminosalicylates, which should be investigated further and interpreted with caution

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe