Los Sistemas de Información Geográfica Participativos como herramientas para el desarrollo rural sostenible: Análisis conceptual y revisión de experiencias

El concepto de SIGP está referido al uso de la tecnología para integrar el conocimiento experto con el conocimiento experimentado en el ámbito de un proyecto. La tecnología permite la gestión, análisis y representación de grandes volúmenes de datos con proyección territorial, facilitando la comprensión de las múltiples variables que influyen en los procesos de toma de decisiones. Los SIGP presentan fortalezas y riesgos que han generado estudios de mejora de la práctica, asociados frecuentemente a aplicaciones online. El elemento fundamental de éxito es la participación, definida atendiendo al propósito, personas involucradas y forma de aplicación. En los proyectos de desarrollo rural, la aplicación de los SIGP debe tener como objetivo el desarrollo sostenible. Para ello la participación debe estar presente en cada una de las etapas del proceso, organizado según el esquema del Ciclo del Proyecto. La revisión de múltiples experiencias de SIGP en proyectos de desarrollo rural indica que en la mayoría de los casos no se analiza la participación y uso de esta tecnología en cada fase del proyecto. Esto justifica la definición de una metodología que integre el conocimiento experto y experimentado en la aplicación de los SIGP en las fases del Ciclo del Proyecto

Machine-Learned Exclusion Limits without Binning

Machine-Learned Likelihoods (MLL) is a method that, by combining modern machine-learning classification techniques with likelihood-based inference tests, allows to estimate the experimental sensitivity of high-dimensional data sets. We extend the MLL method by including the exclusion hypothesis tests and show that the addition of Kernel Density Estimators avoids the need to bin the classifier output in order to extract the resulting one-dimensional signal and background probability density functions. We first test our method on toy models generated with multivariate Gaussian distributions, where the true probability distribution functions are known. We then apply it to a case of interest in the search for new physics at the HL-LHC, in which a $Z^\prime$ boson decays into lepton pairs, comparing the performance of our method for estimating 95\% CL exclusion limits to the results obtained applying a binned likelihood to the machine-learning classifier output.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures. MLL+KDE code will be available from https://github.com/AndresDanielPere

Reconstructing Orbits of Galaxies in Extreme Regions (ROGER) III: galaxy evolution patterns in projected phase space around massive X-ray clusters

We use the ROGER code by de los Rios et al. to classify galaxies around a sample of X-ray clusters into five classes according to their positions in the projected phase space diagram: cluster galaxies, backsplash galaxies, recent infallers, infalling galaxies, and interlopers. To understand the effects of the cluster environment to the evolution of galaxies, we compare across the five classes: stellar mass, specific star formation rate, size, and morphology. Following the guidelines of Coenda et al., a separate analysis is carried out for red and blue galaxies. For red galaxies, cluster galaxies differ from the other classes, having a suppressed specific star formation rate, smaller sizes, and are more likely to be classified as ellipticals. Differences are smaller between the other classes, however backsplash galaxies have significantly lower specific star formation rates than early or recent infalling galaxies. For blue galaxies, we find evidence that recent infallers are smaller than infalling galaxies and interlopers, while the latter two are comparable in size. Our results provide evidence that, after a single passage, the cluster environment can diminish a galaxy's star formation, modify its morphology, and can also reduce in size blue galaxies. We find evidence that quenching occurs faster than morphological transformation from spirals to ellipticals for all classes. While quenching is evidently enhanced as soon as galaxies get into clusters, significant morphological transformations require galaxies to experience the action of the physical mechanisms of the cluster for longer timescales.Comment: Accepted in MNRAS, 11 pages, 7 figure

Anticoagulation After Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) in the Time of Direct Oral Anticoagulation (DOAC) and Thrombectomy

Objective To assess anticoagulation (AC) timing and appropriateness in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) due to atrial fibrillation (AF) in a predominantly Hispanic community hospital in the era of direct oral AC (DOAC) and endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Methods Adult patients presenting with known or new-onset AF and primary diagnosis of AIS/TIA admitted to Baptist Hospital of Miami between January 2018 and January 2019 were included. AC appropriateness was determined on medical history and concordance with American Heart Association AHA/American Stroke Association (ASA) AC guidelines. Median time from AIS/TIA diagnosis to AC initiation was the primary endpoint. AC guideline concordance on admission and at discharge, discordant justification, and AC selection were secondary endpoints. Results The sample included 120 patients. AC initiation was five days (interquartile range (IQR) 2-9) following AIS/TIA. Patients’ receiving intravenous (IV) alteplase experienced a 1.4-day delay in AC initiation (x̅=5.44, SE=1.05, p\u3c.05). There was no significant delay for those receiving EVT. A symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation occurred in 3% (n=3) of patients; only one patient was initiated on AC prior to the event. No recurrent AIS/TIAs occurred prior to discharge. Guideline-based AC concordance increased by 14% to 96% from admission to discharge. Apixaban (78%, n=52) was the most prescribed anticoagulant during hospitalization. Discussion This study suggests that early AC initiation for patients with AF and AIS/TIA with or without IV alteplase and/or EVT is a safe and effective stroke prevention intervention. Further, it identified a need for improved concordance with guideline-based AC within the clinic setting

Dimorphic Fungal Coinfection as a Cause of Chronic Diarrhea and Pancolitis

Histoplasma capsulatum and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis are dimorphic fungi that cause systemic mycosis mostly in tropical South America and some areas of North America. Gastrointestinal involvement is not uncommon among these fungal diseases, but coinfection has not previously been reported. We report a patient with chronic diarrhea and pancolitis caused by paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis

Chronic Diarrhea and Pancolitis Caused by Paracoccidioidomycosis: A Case Report

South American blastomycosis is a systemic micosis caused by infection with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. The most frequently affected sites are the lower lip buccal mucous membrane, palate, tongue, sublingual region, lymph glands, and lungs. However, colonic involvement is not a common expression of Paracoccidioidomycosis. We report a case of chronic diarrhea and pancolitis caused by Paracoccidioidomycosis with fatal outcome

Performance of the CMS Cathode Strip Chambers with Cosmic Rays

The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47 microns to 243 microns. The efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per layer is approximately 5 ns

Performance and Operation of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The operation and general performance of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter using cosmic-ray muons are described. These muons were recorded after the closure of the CMS detector in late 2008. The calorimeter is made of lead tungstate crystals and the overall status of the 75848 channels corresponding to the barrel and endcap detectors is reported. The stability of crucial operational parameters, such as high voltage, temperature and electronic noise, is summarised and the performance of the light monitoring system is presented

CERT1 mutations perturb human development by disrupting sphingolipid homeostasis

Neural differentiation, synaptic transmission, and action potential propagation depend on membrane sphingolipids, whose metabolism is tightly regulated. Mutations in the ceramide transporter CERT (CERT1), which is involved in sphingolipid biosynthesis, are associated with intellectual disability, but the pathogenic mechanism remains obscure. Here, we characterize 31 individuals with de novo missense variants in CERT1. Several variants fall into a previously uncharacterized dimeric helical domain that enables CERT homeostatic inactivation, without which sphingolipid production goes unchecked. The clinical severity reflects the degree to which CERT autoregulation is disrupted, and inhibiting CERT pharmacologically corrects morphological and motor abnormalities in a Drosophila model of the disease, which we call ceramide transporter (CerTra) syndrome. These findings uncover a central role for CERT autoregulation in the control of sphingolipid biosynthetic flux, provide unexpected insight into the structural organization of CERT, and suggest a possible therapeutic approach for patients with CerTra syndrome.This work was supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH (R01NS109858, to VAG); the Paul A. Marks Scholar Program at the Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (to VAG); a TIGER grant from the TAUB Institute at the Columbia Vagelos College of Physicians and Scientists (to VAG); the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF 31003A-179371, to TH); the European Joint Program on Rare Diseases (EJP RD+SNF 32ER30-187505, to TH); the Swiss Cancer League (KFS-4999-02-2020, to GD); the EPFL institutional fund (to GD); the Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Foundation (to GD); the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) (310030_184926, to GD); the Swiss Foundation for Research on Muscle Disease (FSRMM, to MAL); the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discovery Grant 2020-04241, to JEB); the Italian Ministry of Health Young Investigator Grant (GR-2011-02347754, to EL); the Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica – Città della Speranza (18-04, to EL); the Wroclaw Medical University (SUB.E160.21.004, to RS); the National Science Centre, Poland (2017/27/B/NZ5/0222, to RS); Telethon Undiagnosed Diseases Program (TUDP) (GSP15001); the Temple Street Foundation/Children’s Health Foundation Ireland (RPAC 19-02, to IK); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (PO2366/2–1, to BP); the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (to ELM, EBS, and BMD); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81871079 and 81730036, to HG and KX); and the National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH (R01 DK115574, to SSC).The DEFIDIAG study is funded by grants from the French Ministry of Health in the framewok of the national French initiative for genomic medicine. The funders were not involved in the study design, data acquisition, analysis, or writing of the manuscript. Funding for the DECIPHER project was provided by Wellcome. The DDD study presents independent research commissioned by the Health Innovation Challenge Fund (grant number HICF-1009-003), a parallel funding partnership between Wellcome and the Department of Health, and the Wellcome Sanger Institute (grant number WT098051). The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of Wellcome or the Department of Health. The study has UK Research Ethics Committee approval (10/H0305/83, granted by the Cambridge South REC, and GEN/284/12, granted by the Republic of Ireland REC). The research team acknowledges the support of the National Institute for Health Research, through the Comprehensive Clinical Research Network.S