Traceability of pasture feeding using some fatty acids and spectrophotometric parameters in milk

Seventy-three cow milk individual samples deriving from seven farms with different feeding system (pasture, P vs. stall, S), were collected with the aim to trace pasture feeding from different milk characteristics. Samples were analyzed for: linoleic and linolenic acids, colour parameters (L*, b*, a* C and H) using a Minolta CM-2002 spectrophotometer; the integral value of reflectance spectrum between 530 and 450 nm was also calculated. The linoleic/linolenic acids ratio resulted significantly lower in P group (P<0.001), whereas yellowness (b*) and the absolute integral value resulted significantly higher in P group (P<0.001). Linoleic/linolenic acids ratio allowed the complete discrimination between feeding groups, whereas the integral value and yellowness allowed only a partial discrimination (respectively 90.4% and 79.5% of cases). However, a milk fatty acid composition is strongly dependent on fat intake, any additional fat inclusion in the ration can modify it, apart from pasture presence in the diet. On the contrary integral value and yellowness are strongly related to carotenoids pigments, recognized as biomarkers of fresh herbage in the diet. For these reasons, integrating linoleic/linolenic ratio and colour parameters in a principal components analysis, a complete discrimination between pasture and stall feeding was obtained, with a greater reliability of results due to the combination of milk characteristics associated to different sources of variation (fats intake and carotenoids intake)

The role of polymorphism at αs1-casein locus on milk fatty acid composition in Girgentana goat

Sixteen lactating Girgentana goats were used to evaluate the effect of polymorphism at αs1-casein locus on milk fatty acids composition. Animals, homogeneous for milk production, days of lactation and body weight, were divided into two groups: eight homozygous for strong allele (AA group) and eight homozygous for weak allele (FF group). The experimental diet, identical for the two groups, consisted of alfalfa hay (1.5 kg), whole barley, whole maize, pelleted sunflower and whole faba bean (0.5 kg each). In spite of identical selected diets, also in terms of fatty acids, milk fatty acid composition resulted different between the two groups. In particular, except for C8:0, short and medium chain fatty acids and odd chain fatty acids resulted in higher percentage in the AA group. Taking in account that the difference reported in our experiment concerns above all de novo synthesized fatty acids, our results seem to confirm the hypothesis that polymorphism at αs1-casein locus can influence milk fatty acid composition in goats

Transformação de processos produtivos convencionais em processos enxutos: caso da linha de montagem de transmissões

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia Civil, Florianópolis, 2009A abordagem deste trabalho baseou-se no estudo e aplicação dos conceitos e ferramentas do pensamento enxuto que estão intimamente ligados ao controle de produção, gestão e dimensionamento de estoques, mapeamento do fluxo de valor, criação de fluxo contínuo, produção puxada, nivelamento e sequenciamento da produção, com o propósito de gerar um embasamento teórico que poderia promover a transformação de sistemas de produção convencionais em sistemas de produção enxutos através de aplicações práticas. A metodologia aplicada para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi a pesquisa-ação, onde o pesquisador interfere e participa integralmente da aplicação prática, verificando em tempo real o resultado do trabalho proposto. A pesquisa consistiu-se no levantamento de dados documentais sobre a situação atual da linha de montagem que operava sob a sistemática de produção tradicionalmente empurrada e a aplicação prática dos conceitos e ferramentas do pensamento enxuto estudados na revisão bibliográfica, objetivando a criação de um sistema de produção enxuto que possibilitasse uma transformação na forma de produção e assim criar um diferencial competitivo para a linha de montagem de transmissões na Fiat Powertrain Technologies (FPT). O trabalho realizado na FPT proporcionou uma experiência teórica e prática capaz de permitir discussões e questionamentos sobre Logística. Ao final pôde-se concluir que os processos de planejamento logísticos, quando pensados e aplicados de forma metódica, são de fundamental importância para o bom desempenho de uma empresa. Pode-se concluir ainda que tanto os objetivos gerais quanto os objetivos específicos para o trabalho foram atingidos, podendo ser evidenciados da revisão bibliográfica aos resultados práticos alcançados na área. Finalmente fica a expectativa que o presente trabalho de implementação de técnicas, ferramentas e conceitos do pensamento enxuto para transformação de processos produtivos tradicionais convencionais em processos enxutos, possa servir de base para novos trabalhos de pesquisa.This work is a study was based on application of concepts and tools of lean thinking, which are closely related to production control, management and design of inventory, the value stream mapping, creating continuous flow, pull production system, leveling and sequencing production, with the aim of generating theoretical foundation that could promote the transformation of conventional production systems in lean systems through practical applications. The methodology for the development of this study was action-research where the researcher intervenes and participates fully in the implementation, checking in real time the result of the proposed work. The research was based on survey data documented in the current situation of the assembly line which operated under the system of production traditionally pushed and practical application of concepts and tools of lean thinking studied in the literature, aiming to establish a production system lean to allow the transformation in the way of production and thus create a competitive advantage for the assembly line communications at Fiat Powertrain Technologies (FPT). The work done in FPT provided a theoretical and practical experience that would allow discussion and questions about logistics. At the end of the work, was concluded that the planning of logistics, when designed and applied in a methodical manner, of fundamental importance for the high performance of a company. It#s also concluded that both the general goals and specific goals for the work have been achieved and can be evidenced from literature to the practical results in the area. Finally is the expectation that this work of action research to implement the techniques, tools and concepts of lean thinking on the assembly line transmission and transformation of traditional production processes in conventional lean processes, can be used as a basis for further research work

Lamb meat quality and intramuscular fatty acid composition as affected by concentrates including different legume seeds

The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of concentrates including legume seeds (Vicia faba var. minor or Pisum sativum) on lamb performances and on meat quality, with an emphasis on intramuscular fatty acid composition. Thirty lambs (14.5 ± 3.45 kg live weight) were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: PEA group (concentrate including 400 g/kg of peas); FB group (concentrate including 380 g/kg of faba bean); SBM group (concentrate including 180 g/kg of soybean meal). Growth and slaughter performances were not affected by treatments as well as physical and proximate chemical meat characteristics. FB and SBM meat showed higher (P<0.001) vaccenic acid levels compared to PEA meat. Oleic acid was higher (P<0.05) in PEA meat compared to SBM meat while its level in FB meat was similar to counterparts. Linoleic acid levels tended to increase (P<0.10) in SBM lambs compared to PEA animals. PEA group showed higher (P<0.001) α-linolenic acid proportions compared to FB and SBM groups and a tendentially higher (P<0.10) eicosapentaenoic acid content compared to SBM meat. As a result, total n-3 fatty acids were higher (P<0.05) in PEA meat compared to SBM one while the proportions in FB meat were at intermediate level. These findings accounted for a lower and more favourable (P<0.001) n-6/n-3 ratio in PEA group compared to counterparts. Peas based-concentrate seemed to be more effective than faba bean- or soybean meal-included concentrates to improve the acidic profile of meat leading to higher α-linolenic acid levels and a lower n-6/n-3 ratio

FUN: una herramienta didáctica para la derivación de programas funcionales

En este trabajo se describe la utilización de una herramienta desarrollada para la enseñanza de lógica y programación. En la sección 2 se presentan el contexto de utilización de la herramienta y se aborda la perspectiva didáctica; en la sección 3 se describen los conceptos básicos a enseñar con esta herramienta. En la sección 4 se describe la utilización de la herramienta con ejemplos. En la sección 5 cerramos con las conclusiones de nuestro trabajo.WIEI - II Workshop de innovación en educación en informáticaRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

FUN: una herramienta didáctica para la derivación de programas funcionales

En este trabajo se describe la utilización de una herramienta desarrollada para la enseñanza de lógica y programación. En la sección 2 se presentan el contexto de utilización de la herramienta y se aborda la perspectiva didáctica; en la sección 3 se describen los conceptos básicos a enseñar con esta herramienta. En la sección 4 se describe la utilización de la herramienta con ejemplos. En la sección 5 cerramos con las conclusiones de nuestro trabajo.WIEI - II Workshop de innovación en educación en informáticaRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Effect of the αs1-casein genotype and its interaction with diet degradability on milk production, milk quality, metabolic and endocrinal response of Girgentana goats

We studied interaction between diet degradability and genotype at CSN1S1 locus in lactating goats.•We evaluated productive, metabolic and hormonal response of goats at different αs1-casein genotype.•Little effect of diet degradability and interaction with genotype on production and quality.•Higher milk yield, casein percentage and lower urea in goats with strong alleles at CSN1S1 locus.•Higher tyroid hormones in goats with strong alleles

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London