Caraterização da Utilização do Facebook pelos Adolescentes e Relação com a Qualidade de Vida e Memórias Precoces de Calor e Segurança Relativas ao Grupo de Pares

Objetivo: O Facebook é a maior rede social em todo o mundo e cada vez mais os seus usuários são jovens adolescentes que despendem diariamente do seu tempo a comunicar e a navegar nesta rede social. O presente trabalho aborda a utilização que os adolescentes fazem do Facebook, numa amostra de jovens estudantes, explorando a associação ao nível da sua qualidade de vida e das memórias de calor e afeto relativas ao seu grupo de pares. Método: A amostra é composta por 141 adolescentes (77 rapazes e 64 raparigas) de ambos os sexos com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 23 anos a frequentar escolas profissionais e que preencheram voluntariamente um questionário sociodemográfico, de caraterização da utilização da rede social Facebook, e dois instrumentos para avaliação da qualidade de vida em adolescentes e das memórias de calor e segurança no grupo de pares. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes expressou ter conta no Facebook (n = 137; 97,2 %), com 94 (66,7 %) a referir ter conta ativa entre pelo menos três a seis anos. A maioria revelou navegar mais de cinco vezes por dia (67,4 %) no Facebook, numa média diária de uma a três horas (77,3 %). Entre as atividades possíveis de realizar através do Facebook, a mais frequente foi o envio de mensagens (61,7 %) e 58,2 % revelou não procurar novas amizades através desta rede social. Os rapazes mostraram ter valores mais elevados no domínio da qualidade de vida individual do que as raparigas (M = 76,10, DP = 15,71 vs. M = 69,87, DP = 15,25). Adolescentes que passam entre uma a três horas diárias no Facebook revelaram valores superiores de memórias precoces de calor e segurança, que os que passam menos de uma hora diária neste rede social. As memórias emocionais de calor e segurança correlacionaram-se positivamente com todas as dimensões da qualidade de vida. Conclusão: O estudo revela que o uso da rede social Facebook pelos adolescentes associa-se positivamente com as memórias precoces de calor e segurança. Futuras pesquisas poderão explorar os principais motivos para o uso do Facebook pelos adolescentes como, por exemplo, a manutenção de amizades passadas e o contato com familiares ou o contacto com os pares existentes atualmente na sua vida. Será importante, também, analisar se o uso desta rede social se associa a diferentes traços de personalidade ou psicopatologia. / Objective: Facebook is the world´s largest social network and there seems to be an increase in its use by adolescentes who spend a significant amount of time communicating and navigating in this social network. The current study addresses the use of Facebook by adolescentes, in a sample of high school students, exploring the association between Facebook use and quality of life and memories of warmth and safeness within their peer group. Method: The sample consists of 141 adolescents (77 boys and 64 girls) aged between 15 and 23 years old attending vocational schools and who voluntarily completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and a questionnaire addressing characteristics of Facebook use as well as two other instruments for the assessment of quality of life in adolescentes, and of memories of warmth and safeness within their peer group. Results: The majority of participants had a Facebook account (n = 137; 97,2 %), with 94 (66,7%) referring to have an active account since three to six years ago. Most adolescents in our sample navigate on Facebook more than five times per day (67,4%), with a daily mean of one to three hours (77,3%). Regarding activities in Facebook, the most frequent one was sending messages (61,7%). Seeking new friendships through this social network was not a major aim for these adolescents (58,2%). Boys showed higher scores in the domain of quality of individual life when compared to girls (M = 76,10, SD = 15,71 vs. M = 69,87, SD = 15,25). Adolescents who spend between one and three hours a day on Facebook showed higher scores on memories of warmth and safeness when compared to those who spend less than one daily hour in this social network. Conclusion: The study reveals that the use of Facebook social network is associated with positive early memories of warmth and safeness in adolescence. Future research should explore the main reasons for the use of Facebook by adolescentes, for exemple, maintenance of past friendships and contact with family or friends. It is also important to consider whether the use of this social network is associated with different personality traits or psychopathology. Keywords: ;

Molecular characterisation of Sporothrix schenckii isolates from humans and cats involved in the sporotrichosis epidemic in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

An epidemic of sporotrichosis, a subcutaneous mycosis caused by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii, is ongoing in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in which cases of human infection are related to exposure to cats. In an attempt to demonstrate the zoonotic character of this epidemic using molecular methodology, we characterised by DNA-based typing methods 19 human and 25 animal S. schenckii isolates from the epidemic, as well as two control strains. To analyse the isolates, the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was performed using three different primers, together with DNA fingerprinting using the minisatellite derived from the wild-type phage M13 core-sequence. The analyses generated amplicons with considerable polymorphism. Although isolates exhibited high levels of genetic relatedness, they could be clustered into 5-10 genotypes. The RAPD profiles of epidemic S. schenckii isolates could be distinguished from that of the United States isolate, displaying 20% similarity to each primer and 60% when amplified with the M13 primer. DNA fingerprinting of S. schenckii isolated from the nails (42.8%) and the oral cavities (66%) of cats were identical to related human samples, suggesting that there is a common infection source for animals and humans in this epidemic. It is clear that cats act as a vehicle for dissemination of S. schenckii

O Protagonismo Infantojuvenil nos Processos Educomunicativos

Neste volume “O protagonismo infantojuvenil nos processos educomunicativos”, reunimos 53 artigos que transitam sobre a temática do protagonismo infantojuvenil em diversas experiências e processos educomunicativos e para facilitar sua leitura e busca por temas de seu interesse, eles estão organizados em 8 capítulos que abordam a educomunicação a partir do fazer das crianças e da apropriação da produção midiática. Expressão artística, rádio, vídeo, jornalismo, cultura digital, redes sociais entre outros são os temas abordados pelos autores destes trabalhos. convidamos o leitor a mergulhar nesta jornada educomunicativa, vivendo e revivendo junto conosco essas experiências vividas por outros, refletindo em cada texto sobre como estamos, como evoluímos e como seguimos os passos daqueles que com sua ousadia, amor e luta elaboraram os fundamentos da educomunicação

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora